• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.80-82
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• 1998

we introduce the concept of coverings, direct products, cascade products and wreath products of T-fuzzy finite state machines and investigate their algebraic structures.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.302-317
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• 2017

This paper proposes a new full adder design based on pass-transistor logic that offers ultra-low power dissipation and superior variability together with low transistor count. The pass-transistor logic allows device count reduction through direct logic realization, and thus leads to reduction in the node capacitances as well as short-circuit currents due to the absence of supply rails. Optimum transistor sizing alleviates the adverse effects of process variations on performance metrics. The design is subjected to a comparative analysis against existing designs based on Monte Carlo simulations in a SPICE environment, using the 22-nm CMOS Predictive Technology Model (PTM). The proposed ULP adder offers 38% improvement in power in comparison to the best performing conventional designs. The trade-off in delay to achieve this power saving is estimated through the power-delay product (PDP), which is found to be competitive to conventional values. It also offers upto 79% improvement in variability in comparison to conventional designs, and provides suitable scalability in supply voltage to meet future demands of energy-efficiency in portable applications.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1976

Prednisolone tablet product design problem was structured as constrained optimization problem and subsequently solved by multiple regression analysis and Lagrangian method of optimixation. Prednisolone was the drug chosen and anhydrous lactose and corn starch were the adjuvants. The effect of anhydrous lactose and corn starch concentrations on tablet hardness, volume, disintegration time and in vitro release rate was studied. The concentrations of anhydrous lactose and corn starch used in this experiment were 30-60 percent and 5-30 percent, respectively. A full second-order (quadratic) model with all possible two-factor interactions was employed. To obtain the values of anhydrous lactose and corn starch which miniumize the in vitro : release time (t$_{60%}$) subject to the constraint on tablet hardness, disintegration time and volume, we solved the Lagrange function. Multiple correlation coefficients for the regression models were correlated at less than 0.05 level and it was found that the optimum concentrations of anhydrous lactose and corn starch were 45 percent and 21 percent, respectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.305-311
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze product innovation and process innovation as an indicator of innovation that affects the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Government policy as a moderator of the effect of innovation on performance. This research was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The population in this study are SMEs that produce clothes and t-shirts in Indonesia. Data collection is done through questionnaires and direct interviews. Online questionnaires were given to the managers and business owners. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling based on certain conditions of the research object, and in this study 100 business units were selected. The result of loading factor correlation between indicator and latent construct is significant. Hypothesis which explored the linear relationship between the construct variables was tested. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive relationship between innovation and business performance, and government policies have an important role as a full moderator in this relationship. The study findings concluded that the government policies are an important instrument in supporting the development of SMEs by innovating product and process innovation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1010-1015
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• 2008

In this study, the characteristics of aluminum tube hydroformed products at different extrusion type and heat treatment conditions were investigated. For the investigation, as-extruded, full annealed and T6-treated Al 6061 tubes at different extrusion type were prepared. To evaluate the hydroformability, free bulge test was performed at room temperature to $300^{\circ}C$. Also mechanical properties of hydroformed products at various pre- and post-heat treatments were estimated by hexagonal prototype hydroforming test at $250^{\circ}C$. And the tensile test specimens were obtained from hexagonal prototype hydroformed tube. As a results, hydroformability of full annealed tube is $5{\sim}8%$ higher than that of extruded and T6-treated tube. The tensile strength and elongation of T6-post heat treated indirect extrusion tube were more than 330MPa and 12%, respectively. However, T6 pre treated hydroformed product represents high strength, 330MPa and low elongation, 8%. Therefore, Hydroformability of Al6061 tube showed similar value for both extrusion types. However flow stress of direct tube showed $20{\sim}50MPa$ lower value than indirect tube.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

We have achieved 180-degree angle of view performance using Super-PVA (S-PVA) technology first time in TFT-LCD industry. 82" full high definition ($1920{\times}1080$) TFT- LCD panel, the world's largest TFT-LCD, have been developed. In addition to the size breakthrough, this product achieves 600nits brightness, over 1200:1 contrast ratio, viewing angle free, 92% color gamut, and 8ms response time. Several key enabling technologies were developed to achieve these specifications, including two transistor direct driven independently controlled S-PVA subpixels, non even area ratio sub-pixels for optimal offaxis gamma, gate overlap driving for larger driving margin, new CCFL technology for higher color gamut, and advanced fabrication techniques including the use of Samsung's new $7^{th}$ generation line.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.45-60
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• 2015

Emotional consumption value orientation has played a significant role to have a direct effect on making purchase in our lives. And emotional value has been dealt within the SPA brand contexts recently. Therefore, the current study investigates how SPA brand consumers' emotional value consumption orientation has affected brand loyalty, with a focus on mediation effects of marketing mix attributes assessment. Results of this research are as follows. First, there was a significant difference between Zara and Uniqlo on the assessment of marketing mix attributes. Second, emotional consumption value orientation had significantly impact on brand loyalty for both Zara and Uniqlo. Third, multi-regression analysis was conducted to find out the mediation effect of marketing mix attributes assessment in the relationships between emotional consumption value orientation and brand loyalty. For Zara, hedonic promotional and pricing attributes of products and place show full mediation effect on brand loyalty. For Uniqlo, utilitarian, hedonic and pricing attributes have impact on brand loyalty. The current study strives to find out how emotional consumption value orientation attected the consumer evaluation process and purchase behavior in the contexts of SPA brand product purchase. Product assessments have stronger effect than place, and hedonic attributes have stronger effect on brand loyalty in comparison with utilitarian attributes. Also, hedonic attributes of product and place have stronger effect on brand loyalty in comparison with utilitarian attributes.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

Shear tests are performed on four full-scale 12.5 m proto-type models, "least depth double tee," which are resulted from the optimization process. Domestic superimposed live load regulation, domestic material properties which is available to product. Korean building code requirements, construction environments and economy are considered as the main factors to establish the process. All of the specimens tested fully comply with the shear strength requirements as specified by ACI 318-95. The research has shown following results. 1) The development length requirement of ACI 318-95 does not seem a good predictor for the estimation of bond failure in a beam with the strands below the supports. 2) The load required for the first initial coner cracking in the dap end and first web shear cracking does not seem to have any relation with the dimension and shear strength of the section in the test beams. 3) The strand slip has a direct relationship with the web shear cracking. However, the coner cracking in the dap end does not give any help for the slip in anchorage. 4) Use of whole area for bearing steel at the bottom of dap end is desired for safe bearing pressure design in the precast prestressed double tee beams. 5) The deflection of beam influences directly on the amount of strand slip at the anchorage after initiation of it, and relationship between them are very linear.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.390-397
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• 2022

The use of microwaves as the energy source for synthesis and sintering of ceramics offers substantial advantages compared to conventional gas-fired and electric resistance furnaces. Benefits include much shorter processing times and reaching the sintering temperature more quickly, resulting in superior final product quality. Most oxide ceramics poorly interact with microwave irradiation at low temperatures; thus, a more complex setup including a susceptor is needed, which makes the whole process very complicated. This investigation pursued a new approach, which enabled us to use microwave irradiation directly in poorly coupled oxides. In many solid-state electrochemical devices, the support is either metal or can be reduced to metal. Metal powders in the support can act as an internal susceptor and heat the entire cell. Then sufficient interaction of microwave irradiation and ceramic material can occur as the sample temperature increases. This microwave heating and exothermic reaction of oxidation of the support can sinter the ceramic very efficiently without any external susceptor. In this study, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and a Ni-YSZ cermet support were used as an example. The cermet was used as the support, and a YSZ electrolyte was coated and sintered directly using microwave irradiation without the use of any susceptor. The results were compared to a similar cell prepared using a conventional electric furnace. The leakage test and full cell power measurement results revealed a fully leak-free electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy and density measurements show that microwave sintered samples have lower open porosity in the electrode support than conventional heat treatment. This technique offers an efficient way to directly use microwave irradiation to sinter thin film ceramics without a susceptor.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.401-412
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• 2013

Water footprint of a product and service is the volume of freshwater used to produce the product, measured in the life cycle or over the full supply chain. Since water footprint assessment helps us to understand how human activities and products relate to water scarcity and pollution, it can contribute to seek a sustainable way of water use in the consumption perspective. For the introduction of WFP scheme, it is indispensable to construct water inventory/accounting for the assessment, but there is no database in Korea to cover all industry sectors. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop water footprint inventory within a nation at 403 industrial sectors using Input-Output Analysis. Water uses in the agricultural sector account for 79% of total water, and industrial sector have higher indirect water at most sectors, which is accounting for 82%. Most of the crop water is consumptive and direct water except rice. The greatest water use in the agricultural sectors is in rice paddy followed by aquaculture and fruit production, but the greatest water use intensity was not in the rice. The greatest water use intensity was 103,263 $m^3$/million KRW for other inedible crop production, which was attributed to the low economic value of the product with great water consumption in the cultivation. The next was timber tract followed by iron ores, raw timber, aquaculture, water supply and miscellaneous cereals like corn and other edible crops in terms of total water use intensity. In holistic view, water management considering indirect water in the industrial sector, i.e. supply chain management in the whole life cycle, is important to increase water use efficiency, since more than 56% of total water was indirect water by humanity. It is expected that the water use intensity data can be used for a water inventory to estimate water footprint of a product for the introduction of water footprint scheme in Korea.