• 식물병연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2020

강원도 강릉시 사천면 비닐하우스에서 재배중인 호박 과실에 탄저병이 발생하였다. 병든 호박 과실에 분홍색의 분생포자 층이 동심원으로 나타나 점차 확대되어 과실이 무르는 증상을 나타내었다. 원인균을 규명하기 위하여 순수 분리 후 균학적 특성 및 ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2 염기서열 분석결과 Colletotrichum fioriniae로 동정하였다. 또한, 병원성이 확인되었고 접종시험에서 동일한 균이 반복적으로 분리되었다. 따라서, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 C. fioriniae에 의한 호박 과실에 발생하는 탄저병의 발생을 국내 처음으로 보고한다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2020

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the major fruit crops in South Korea, along with apple, persimmon, and Asian pears. Peach anthracnose is a continuing threat to growers and is accountable for enormous economic loss. In July 2018, anthracnose of peach appeared at different peach orchards in Gyeongsangbuk-do region, Korea. The typical anthracnose symptoms (brown, circular, and necrotic lesions) were observed on the fruits. Anthracnose of peach was surveyed in different peach orchards of Gyeongsangbuk-do, and 20 fungal isolates from 19 diseased fruits were collected. Multigene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological characteristic analysis approaches were used for identifying the fungal species isolated from diseased fruits. This study confirmed three Colletotrichum species. Based on the results, Colletotrichum siamense are reported for the first time as causal agents of peach anthracnose alongside C. fructicola and C. fioriniae, which has been reported previously. Pathogenicity assays were performed for the three isolates representing all the species identified, and Koch's postulates on detached healthy peach fruits were verified. All the identified species were pathogenic on peach fruits as the typical anthracnose symptoms were reproduced. Significant variations in the virulence were observed among fungal species on peach fruit.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

Anthracnose development by Colletotrichum musae was observed to be significantly less in the fruits of the banana cultivar 'Embul' (Mysore, AAB) infected with Phyllosticta musarum than in fruits without such infections. Anthracnose disease originates from quiescent C. musae infections in the immature fruit. P. musarum incites minute, scattered spots, referred to as freckles, in the superficial tissues of immature banana peel which do not expand during maturation or ripening. P. musarum does not appear to have a direct suppressive effect on C. musae as conidia of C. musae germinate on both freckled and non-freckled fruit forming quiescent infections. Our investigations have shown that P. musarum infection induced several defence responses in fruit including the accumulation of five phytoalexins, upregulation of chitinase and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and cell wall lignification. $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectral data of one purified phytoalexin compared closely with 4'-hydroxyanigorufone. Some of the P. musarum-induced defences that retained during ripening, restrict C. musae development at the ripe stage. This paper examines the potential of P. musarum-induced defences, in the control of anthracnose, the most destructive postharvest disease in banana.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2023

The cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway plays important roles in the dissemination and infection of several plant pathogenic fungi. However, its roles in the pepper fruit anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum scovillei remain uninvestigated. In this study, the major components of the CWI signaling pathway-CsMCK1 (MAPKKK), CsMKK1 (MAPKK), and CsMPS1 (MAPK)-were functionally characterized in C. scovillei via homology-dependent gene replacement. The ΔCsmck1, DCsmkk1, and ΔCsmps1 mutants showed impairments in fungal growth, conidiation, and tolerance to CWI and salt stresses. Moreover, ΔCsmck1, ΔCsmkk1, and ΔCsmps1 failed to develop anthracnose disease on pepper fruits due to defects in appressorium formation and invasive hyphae growth. These results suggest that CsMCK1, CsMKK1, and CsMPS1 play important roles in mycelial growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, plant infection, and stress adaption of C. scovillei. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the roles of the CWI signaling pathway in the development of pepper fruit anthracnose disease.

• 식물병연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2002

고추 탄저병 발생 상황을 알아보기 위하여 경북 북부 지방의 예천, 안동, 의성, 청송, 영양, 봉화 등 6개 시군 고추 주산지에서 포장 조사한 결과, 본포에서 6월부터 발병이 시작되어 9월 중순에는 약 30%로 급증하였다. 고추 탄저병이 인접과실로 전염하는 데는 보통 2-3일이 소요되었으며, 5-7일 후에 만연되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 과실에 탄저병을 일으키는 병원균은 대부분 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides였다. 고추 탄저병 발생에 관여하는 요인은 무엇보다도 이병 잔재물과 연작에 의한 1차 전염원의 증가, 생육기의 강우일수와 그 지속기간 등 기상 요인들이 복합적으로 관여함을 알 수 있었다. 병 발생을 줄이기 위해서는 이병 잔재물의 월동전 처리와 타 작물과의 윤작, 비가림 재배, 예방 위주의 약제 살포가 필요하다고 본다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2015

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been destructive during pepper fruit production in outdoor fields in Korea. In vitro antifungal activities of 15 different plant essential oils or its components were evaluated during conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. In vitro conidial germination was most drastically inhibited by vapour treatments with carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral, p-cymene and linalool. Inhibition of the mycelial growth by indirect vapour treatment with essential oils was also demonstrated compared with untreated control. Carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and eugenol were among the most inhibitory plant essential oils by the indirect antifungal efficacies. Plant protection efficacies of the plant essential oils were demonstrated by reduced lesion diameter on the C. gloeosporioides-inoculated immature green pepper fruits compared to the inoculated control fruits without any plant essential oil treatment. In planta test showed that all plant essential oils tested in this study demonstrated plant protection efficacies against pepper fruit anthracnose with similar levels. Thus, application of different plant essential oils can be used for ecofriendly disease management of anthracnose during pepper fruit production.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.847-856
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• 2018

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hot water ($43-53^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$; $47^{\circ}C{\cdot}2-6min^{-1}$), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at $50-300nL\;L^{-1}$ and a combination of hot water ($47/49^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$) and phosphite $40%\;P_2O_5+20%\;K_2O$;$40%\;P_2O_5+10%\;Zn$) in anthracnose control and the effect on fruit quality [fresh weight loss (FWL-%); pH, total soluble solids ($TSS-^{\circ}Brix$), and titratable acidity (TA = % citric acid (CA)] of passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa ) at the postharvest stage. When the fruits were in the stage of 0% dehydration and fully yellow peels, they were disinfested and inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. They were then subjected to the above mentioned treatments; this was followed by incubation for 120 h. The diameter of the disease lesions was monitored daily. After the incubation, a physico-chemical analysis was performed. Hot-water treatment resulted in disease reduction at 47 and $49^{\circ}C$ for 4 and 5 min. The combination of hot-water treatment at $47^{\circ}C$ (4 or 5 min) and application of the phosphite of K or Zn significantly reduced disease severity in fruits. The 1-MCP treatment reduced anthracnose severity in passion fruit mainly at $200nL\;L^{-1}{\cdot} 24h^{-1} $. None of the treatments significantly changed the physico-chemical characteristics of the fruit [FWL (2.6-4.1%); pH (3.2-3.5), TSS ($8.9-10.9^{\circ}Brix$), and TA (1.8-2.5% CA)].

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.238-240
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• 2007

Anthracnose symptoms often occurred on fruits of Asian pear trees grown in Anseong, Naju, Seonghwan and Pyeongtaek in Korea during the harvesting period from 2000 to 2005. A total of 28 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the anthracnose symptoms. All the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to fruits of Asian pear tree by artificial inoculation. All the isolates induced anthracnose symptoms on the fruits by wound inoculation but not by unwound inoculation. The anthracnose symptoms induced by artificial inoculation were similar to those observed in the orchard. This is the first report of anthracnose of Asian pear tree caused by Colletotrichum acutatum.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2004

1998년에서 2002년까지 5년간 감 탄저병이 심하게 발생하는 농가 포장에서 탄저병균의 분생포자 비산과 발생 생태를 조사하였다. 탄저병 포자의 비산은 4월 초순부터 시작하여 6, 7월에 최대치에 이르고 8월 초순부터는 급격히 감소하였다. 분생포자의 비산은 그 시기의 강우와 밀접한 관계가 있었으며 주변에 새로운 감염이 늘어남에 따라 비산량이 급격하게 증가하였다. 4월 중에 비산하는 분생포자는 탄저병 발생에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못하였지만 5월 초의 포자 비산은 신초와 어린가지에 병 발생량이 많아졌고 이것은 어린 과실에 감염율을 높이는 결과를 가져와 전체적으로 탄저병 발생일 많아졌다. 이시기에 적절한 방제를 하지 않으면 탄저병 발생이 폭발적으로 증가하여 8월 하순에는 96.5%까지 발생하였다. 병든 과실은 대부분 낙과 되었는데 일찍 발생할수록 낙과율이 높았으며 심한 포장에서는 8월 하순에 이미 84.1%의 과일이 낙과하였다. 탄저병은 저장 및 유통 중에도 발생하는데 대부분 포장에서 재배기간 중에 감염된 것으로 아주 작은 병반이 형성된 과일을 가려내지 못한 것이 저장 중에 병이 진전된 것이다. 경남 지방에서 조사한 저장 중의 탄저병 발생율은 1.2${\sim}$1.6% 정도이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.607-618
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• 2021

The pepper anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum scovillei, causes severe losses of pepper fruit production in the tropical and temperate zones. RAC1 is a highly conserved small GTP-binding protein in the Rho GT-Pase family. This protein has been demonstrated to play a role in fungal development, and pathogenicity in several plant pathogenic fungi. However, the functional roles of RAC1 are not characterized in C. scovillei causing anthracnose on pepper fruits. Here, we generated a deletion mutant (𝜟Csrac1) via homologous recombination to investigate the functional roles of CsRAC1. The 𝜟Csrac1 showed pleiotropic defects in fungal growth and developments, including vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, conidial germination and appressorium formation, compared to wild-type. Although 𝜟Csrac1 was able to develop appressoria, it failed to differentiate appressorium pegs. However, 𝜟Csrac1 still caused anthracnose disease with significantly reduced rate on wounded pepper fruits. Further analyses revealed that 𝜟Csrac1 was defective in tolerance to oxidative stress and suppression of host-defense genes. Taken together, our results suggest that CsRAC1 plays essential roles in fungal development and pathogenicity in C. scovilleipepper fruit pathosystem.