• 재무관리연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.121-156
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 2003년~2005년 기간에 코스닥 시장에서 발생한 두 가지 자본시장 진입수단인 IPO와 우회상장을 대상으로 벤치마킹 대비 단기 및 장기 초과보유수익률을 분석하고, 차이점과 의미에 대해 논하였다. 우회상장은 M&A의 성격을 띠고 있지만 동시에 IPO의 성격도 갖고 있다. IPO는 거래소가 제시한 상장요건을 맞춰야 하는 등 제도적인 간섭을 받기 때문에 제도에 의한 자본시장 진입방법이라고 할 수 있다. 반면 우회상장은 이러한 제도의 간섭은 미미하고 당사자 간의 거래에 의하여 진입여부가 결정되기 때문에 거래에 의한 자본시장 진입방법이라고 할 수 있다. 제도가 완전시장을 저해한다는 상식에 기초한다면우회상장이 IPO보다 우수한 진입방법이라고 판단할 수 있지만, 반대로 IPO는 우회상장에 비해 정보의 비대칭성을 줄이고 부실한 기업의 시장진입을 통제할 수 있다는 면에서 장점이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 정보의 효율성 면에서 IPO가 우수하다는 본문의 주장을 지지하고 있다. 먼저 IPO 기업과 우회상장 기업은 모두 초기에는 높은 초과수익률을 기록하고 장기적으로는 둘 다 저성과를 보이나 우회상장 기업의 장기성과가 더욱 하락하였다. 또한 두 표본 모두 사건 이후 3년 간의 회계적 성과가 하락하였으나 특히 우회상장 기업은 더욱 하락하였으며 모든 기간에서 손실을 기록하였다. 이는 과잉수요(fad)가 코스닥 시장의 IPO는 물론 우회상장에서도 똑같이 존재하며, 우회상장의 경우에는 과대포장(window dressing)의 가능성이 더욱 높음을 뜻한다. 결국 IPO보다는 우회상장이 상장시점에서 회사와 투자자 사이에 더욱 심한 정보의 비대칭성을 보이고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2014

This research is a survey study on students' attitude toward a class employing small group discussion and presentation by the method of free-listing. Participants in this study were students who registered in the course of Mathematical Logics and Writing during 2011 and 2014. Senior students who took the course of theory of mathematics education previously usually registered the course. The class for this course used to be designed as a class adopting group discussion and presentation. Main theme of this research is not to demonstrate some theories or hypothesis on teaching and learning, but rather to inquire students' attitude toward a class employing the constituents first and then through analyzing the results of this study to find practical ideas and strategy for design and implementation of a class which brings cultivation of students' understanding, communication and moreover writing in mathematics. Since the survey was given in the $8^{th}$ week of this class, participants of this research could be expected to have more concrete idea for positive or negative aspects of the classes employing these constituents. We compared both research results of 2011 and 2014 to view any changes in students' attitude. Research results are follows. Students began to think that group discussions and presentation bring out better learning to them. Not to give students psychological burden of discussion and presentation, instructors need to provide comfortable atmosphere through arranging suitable grouping and enough time for discussion. Moreover, simple evaluations criteria for group discussions and presentation should be well structured and more concrete guides for them are required to make students to feel comfortable and to concentrate on the given subject for discussion.

• 복식
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2014

Creative thinking requires an ability to draw ideas on the given topic in a given time period with concentration. For this, the development process of design concept on the topic was collected through experiments and interviews targeting 10 fashion education experts and 10 clothing majors. After the analysis, the results are as follows: First of all, divergent thinking was done to find as many ideas and possibilities as possible at the step of expanding the topic by analogy. This showed characteristics of spreading thoughts through the spread of lexicon to professional field knowledge of learned, individual's cultural background, other art fields. Second, abstracted and designed words that are expanded and listed by the topic analogy were specified the topic gradually through the free combination method between lexicons. The sentences made by the combination of lexicons were interpreted through the serial listing method, in which the connection between sentences had the meaning of orderly cause and effect form, and the parallel listing method that treated information at once. Third, the few characteristics of the procedure that visualizing into the specific design are as follows. Firstly, the method to transform image that lexicon has into the one appropriate to the topic, the case that reflects external characteristics of selected designed word, and the case which reflects as the extrinsic expression of personal immanent and tactic desires. This study has its means to propose methods and directions to help create more creative and systematic ideas by analyzing the characteristics that appeared during the process of thinking language-oriented design.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2000

The study was designed to observe the effect of complete listing for 10 days on body fatness, serum leptin level and lipid profile in thirty women who were admitted to fasting Clinical Program in Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center. Most of the subjects had food habits of over-eating and preferred oily foods which was correlated to the increase of body weight and BMI during realimentation. Average loss of body weight was 7.98kg and waist-hip ratio was significantly decreased during fasting. Body weight showed significant positive correlation with body fat(r=0.8182), lean body mass(r=0.7797) and total body water(r=0.7563). Body fat was gradually reduced after 9 days fasting, but lean body mass was not diminished any more after 7 days luring. Serum leptin level was significantly decreased after luring and re-feeding. The leptin showed significant positive correlation with body weight(r=0.9324), body mass index(r=0.8279) and body fat(r=0.8376). The levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly increased but HDL-C level was significantly decreased after fasting which increased could be harmful for persons with hypercholesterolemia. VLDL-C and triglyceride levels were not significantly decreased after fasting. Serum total free fatty acid level was significantly increased after fasting. These data suggest that the best way of maintaining the reduced body weight was to carry out the modification of food habits and behavior in daily lift. It could not be recommended to repeat often complete luting for reduction of body weight. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 42-48, 2000)

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2013

비즈니스 교육 현장에서 학생들의 팀 활동은 매우 흔한 현상이 되었다. 그러나 팀 활동에 대한 학생들의 사회적 태만과 무임승차 현상은 교수자에게 있어서 해결하기 어려운 문제로 남는다. 이에 본 연구는 '넌 해고야' 방식을 우리 대학의 비즈니스 교육 현장에 해당 방식을 적용해보고, 실질적 효과가 있는지 활용가능성을 검증하였다. '넌 해고야' 방식은 2단계를 거쳐 팀 프로젝트 활동을 실시하는 수업에 간단하게 적용할 수 있다. 팀원들은 팀 활동에 참여하지 않는 무임승차자에 대한 구체적 내용을 이메일로 당사자와 교수자에게 동시에 보내 공식적으로 경고하고, 이후에도 팀 참여 활동이 수정되지 않으면 두 번째 이메일로 팀에서 해고시킬 수 있다. 총 257명의 학부 학생을 대상으로 '넌 해고야' 방식의 실질적 효과를 검증한 결과, 무임승차를 방지하고 팀 활동 참여와 학습 동기를 촉진하는 효과적인 기제로 활용될 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1106-1116
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• 2018

Study Design: Prospective observational study. Purpose: To evaluate the disability domains relevant to Indian patients with low backache and propose a modified disability questionnaire for such patients. Overview of Literature: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a self-reported measurement tool that measures both pain and functional status and is used for evaluating disability caused by lower backache. Although ODI remains a good tool for disability assessment, from the Indian perspective questions related to weight lifting and sexual activity of ODI are questioned in some of the earlier studies. Activities of daily living in Indian patients vary substantially from those in other populations and include activities like bending forwards, sitting in floor and squatting which are not represented in the ODI. Methods: In this prospective observational study, a seven-step approach was used for the development of a questionnaire. Thirty patients were interviewed to identify the most challenging issue they faced while performing their daily activities (by free listing) and understand how important the questionnaire items were in terms of the standard ODI. Thus, a comprehensive disability questionnaire comprising 14 questions was developed and administered to 88 patients. Both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative methods (to establish the validity, reliability, and correlation with the Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and Rolland Morris disability questionnaire) were used to identify the 10 questions that best addressed the disability domains relevant to Indian patients. Results: According to free listing, four new questions pertaining to bending forward, sitting on the floor, walking on uneven surfaces, and work-related disabilities were included. In the second phase, wherein the questionnaire with 14 items was used, 56.8% patients did not answer the questions related to sexual activity, whereas 23.8% did not answer those related to walking on uneven surfaces. The modified questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.892) and correlation with the Rolland Morris questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha=0.850, p>0.05), as well as with the VAS score for disability (Cronbach's alpha=0.712, p>0.05) and pain (Cronbach's alpha=0.625, p>0.05). Conclusions: A modified disability questionnaire that was designed by adding two questions related to bending forward and work status and removing questions related to sexual activity and weight lifting or traveling (depending on the occupation) can help evaluate disability caused by back pain in Indian population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Commensality, eating together with others, is a major representation of human sociality. In recent time, environments around commensality have changed significantly due to rapid social changes, and the decline of commensality is perceived as a serious concern in many modern societies. This study employs a cross-cultural analysis of university students in two East Asian countries, and examines cross-cultural variations of perceptions and actual practices of commensality and solo-eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The analysis was drawn from a free-list survey and a self-administrative questionnaires of university students in urban Korea and Japan. The free-listing survey was conducted with a small cohort to explore common images and meanings of commensality and solo-eating. The self-administrative questionnaire was developed based on the result of the free-list survey, and conducted with a larger cohort to examine reasons and problems of practices and associated behaviors and food intake. RESULTS: We found that Korean subjects tended to show stronger associations between solo-eating and negative emotions while the Japanese subjects expressed mixed emotions towards the practice of solo-eating. In the questionnaire, more Korean students reported they prefer commensality and tend to eat more quantities when they eat commensally. In contrast, more Japanese reported that they do not have preference on commensality and there is no notable difference in food quantities when they eat commensally and alone. Compared to the general Korean cohort finding, more proportion of overweight and obese groups of Korean subjects reported that they tend to eat more when they are alone than normal and underweight groups. This difference was not found in the overweight Japanese subjects. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed cross-cultural variations of perceptions and practices of commensality and solo-eating in a non-western setting.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2018

Infection with salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is a serious disease that mainly affects rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared in seawater or freshwater. SAV is prevalent in European countries including Norway that exports rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon to Korea. Consequently, SAV was listed as a disease notifiable to the OIE and many salmonid-producing countries either designate SAV as their notifiable disease or do research on the development of diagnosis and epidemiology to reduce the possibility of SAV infection. Unlike other salmonid-producing countries, SAV is not listed as a notifiable disease in Korea, thereby arousing concern that SAV will get into the country through the importation of live salmonids. Under the circumstance, Korea needs to have a legal basis to take much stricter follow-up measures, including listing SAV as a notifiable disease, establishing surveillance system based on OIE standards to declare Korea free from SAV, killing infected fish and conducting fallow system against affected farms.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2008

Drug approval-patent linkage is the practice of linking drug marketing approval to the patent status of the originator's product and not allowing the grant of marketing approval to any third party prior to the expiration of the patent term unless by consent of the patent owner. Article 18.9.5 of Korea-US Free Trade Agreement requires that Korea introduce the linkage system in drug marketing approval. However, Korea is unfamiliar with the linkage system. In addition, there have been lots of arguments over the impacts of this system on Korean pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical market in the future. This report investigated the linkage systems of the US and Canada. The US and Canada have implemented drug approval-patent linkage system since 1984 and 1993, respectively. Both countries have patent lists for drug approvalpatent linkage on which originators are required to list patents on substance, product, and use of their drugs. Generic or follow-on drug applicants must contain a certification regarding each patent listed that relates to the referenced drug. If the patent holder files suit for patent infringement within 45 days of notice of application, drug approval is not allowed for several months - 30 months in the US and 24 months in Canada. Both countries have amended their systems after having experienced unexpected results such as listing improper and additional patents, multiple patent litigations and delayed generic entries. After reviewing the US and Canada's experiences, we suggested three principles needed in implementing the system: protecting patent holder's right; promoting generic drug development and marketing; monitoring the process and the effect of the system.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권43호
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• pp.285-320
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• 2016

만화와 애니메이션은 문학적 글과 소리로 기술한 언어예술(言語藝術)과 미술적 그림으로 시각화한 조형예술(造形藝術)과 영화적 움직임으로 제작한 영상예술(映像藝術)을 복합적으로 응용하여 창작하는 융합예술(融合藝術)이다. 그런데 만화와 애니메이션이 20세기 후반기부터 뒤늦게 대학의 전공 학과로 개설 운영되어 학문적 연구 개발과 예술적 창작 표현이 충족되지 못하였다. 따라서 만화와 애니메이션의 학문적 체계화를 위하여 용어적 개념과 정의, 역사적 전개와 발전, 연구 영역과 탐구 방법, 그리고 전공 교육과 관련 창업군 등을 융합적으로 정립할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 최근 포털사이트 네이버와 형설출판사가 공동 운영하는 "학문명백과(學問名百科)" 서비스에도 만화를 비롯한 애니메이션, 영상, 게임, 콘텐츠 등의 신종 문화예술 산업 분야가 등재되지 못하고 있다. 무엇보다도 만화와 애니메이션은 불가분의 관계라서 설령 분리 독립하여 쓰더라도, 합성어로 구성된 '만화영상학(漫畵映像學, animatoon)'을 학문명과 학위명으로 원용하면서 세부 전공을 만화와 애니메이션, 영상과 게임 그리고 콘텐츠 등으로 정립하는데 연구 목적이 있다. 서론에서 만화영상은 만화와 애니메이션의 축약형 합성어로 만화(漫畵)가 한자로 동양에서 통용하는데, 애니메이션은 한자와 로마자가 상(像)+영상(映像)+화상(畵像)+동화(動畵)+동영상(動映像)+동만화(動漫畵)+만화영화(漫畵映畵)이거나 image, pictorial image, ani, anime, animation, animated cartoon, cartoon animation, moving picture 등으로 난삽하여 이를 융합한 만화영상학(漫畵映像學, animatoon)으로 규명하고 학문적으로 체계화하여 학문명과 학위명으로 원용하고자 한다. 본론에서 첫째, 역사적 전개와 발전은 고대 중세 근대 현대의 만화영상으로 시대를 구분하여 동굴벽화, 동물희화, 종교만화, 캐리커처, 카툰, 풍자만화, 코믹스, 애니메이션, 2D+3D, 웹툰, K-toon 등으로 변천사를 미학예술론적으로 융합 분석하였다. 둘째, 만화영상학의 연구 영역을 이론+장르+작품+작가 연구를 살펴보고, 탐구 방법으로 인문사회+과학기술+문화예술 등과 융복합한 전공과목을 제시하였다. 그리고 셋째, 전공 교육은 아동+청소년+전공 학생의 만화영상 교육을 고찰하고, 만화영상의 창업군은 개인적 작품창작과 집단적 제작창업 활동을 다양한 직업군으로 탐색하였다. 결론적으로, 만화영상학의 현안과제로는 작가들의 개성화, 내용의 전문화, 형식의 다양화, 창작의 자율화를 고찰하고, 발전 방향으로 만화영상의 학문화 예술화 문화화 산업화를 제창한다. 21세기 문화의 세기에 만화와 애니메이션은 영상과 게임과 함께 그 중요성이 높아져 만화영상학의 학문적 체계화를 위한 융합적 연구로 예술적 창작활동과 문화산업의 콘텐츠로 개발해야 영속한다.