• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2004

Flavonoids contained in grapes are potent antioxidants that may protect against oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases related with free radical damage. In this study we investigated the effect of daily grape juice supplementation on blood pressure (BP), plasma lipid profiles and the generation of free radicals in 67 healthy volunteers (29 smoker, 38 nonsmokers). The daily 480 ml of grape juice supplementation for 8 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in diastolic BP by 6.5％ in smokers and systolic and diastolic BP by 11.2 and 3.7％ in non-smokers. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterollevels in smokers and total cholesterol in non-smokers were significantly increased after the intervention. Plasma triglycerides and conjugated dienes were not affected by grape juice supplementation. Levels of free radical determined by reading the lucigenin-perborate ROS generating sources, decreased significantly by 18％ compared to the beginning of the study. The results indicated that the consumption of grape juice may reduce BP and free radical generation in smokers, which was possibly exerted by flavonoids. Our findings suggested that the grape juice has protective effect on chronic disease due to the overproduction of free radical in smokers.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 1999

The effects of aqueous extracts from Korean commercial teas on excessive free radicals were examined utilizing spin trapping, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation. A potent scavenging effect of green tea and oriental senna tea was dound using sipin trapping. The most effective teasagainst the DPPH radical was green tea, followed inorder by pine leak tea, Chinese gutta percha tea and orietnal senna tea. Similar to the effects of DPPH radical , green tea, pine leaf tea, Chinese gutta percha tea and oriential senna tea had an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. These findings predict that Korean tea is a promising material for scavenging free radicals, and for curing diseases related to free-radical reactions.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.57-62
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• 1998

We hypothesized the primary effect of ginseng was to protect cell membrane fatty acids from decomposition caused by free radicals. To confirm the antioxidant effect of ginseng, we measured the inhibitory effect on the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and evaluated the free radical scavenging effect of ginseng by electron spin resonance spectrometer, and gas chromatography. The results showed that thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances formed and the loss of arachidonic acid during lipid peroxidation, and that hydroxyl (-like) radical peak formed by the iron complex (ferric nitrilotriacetate, an known free radical generator in vitro) were completely inhibited by ginseng extract. This antioxidant effect of ginseng may be responsible for its wide pharmacological actions in clinical practice. As the free radical reactions in general are rapid and non-specific, ginseng seems to act as a normalizer, rather than a general tonic, at the stages of acute or chronic active phase of the various diseases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2001

The lipid classes constituents; hydrocarbons, wax esters, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, 1,3-diacylglycerols, 1,2-diacylglycerols, free sterols, 2-monoacylglycerols, 1-monoacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols of Nicotiana tabacum L. seeds oil were investigated by thin layer and gas chromatography. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major components in all lipid classes studied.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.333-343
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• 1984

담수어 중 그 분포가 광범위한 붕어를 시료로 하여 육질부, 피부, 내장 등 부위별로 유리 및 결합지질을 추출, silicic acid column chromatography로 중성지질, 당지질 및 인지질로 분획하고 thin layer chromatography(TLC) 및 TLC scanner로 이들 지질획분의 지질 조성을 동정 및 정량하여 부위에 따른 지질 함량을 비교하였다. 또 gas liquid chromatography(GLC)에 의하여 이들 지질의 구성지방산 조성을 분석, 비교하여 몇가지 결과를 얻었기에 보고한다. 1. 부위별 유리 및 결합지질의 함량($7\%$ 수분함량)은 육질부가 $6.22\%$ 및 $10.01\%$, 피부가 $9.95\%$ 및 $3.56\%$, 내장부가 $9.67\%$ 및 $7.36\%$였으며, 각 부위별로 유리지질과 결합지질의 비는 육질부가 1:1.52, 피부가 1:0.35, 내장부가 1:0.76으로 부위별로 상당한 차이가 인정되었다. 2. 지질형태별 구성지질 함량을 비교하여 보면 유리지질은 중성지질이 $71.7{\sim}89.4\%$, 당지질이 $1.0{\sim}10.7\%$, 인지질이 $4.0{\sim}12.7\%$로 되어 있고, 결합지질은 중성지질이 $7.4{\sim}27.9\%$, 당지질이 $5.1{\sim}14.7\%$, 인지질이 $42.3{\sim}63.2\%$로 되어 있어, 유리지질은 주로 중성지질로 되어 있는 반면 결합지질은 인지질로 되어 있었으며, 부위별 상당한 차이가 인정되었다. 3. 지질획분별 구성지질 조성을 비교하여 보면 유리지질 중의 중성지질은 triglyceride(TG)가 $81.91{\sim}88.34\%$로 대부분을 차지하는 반면, 결합지질 중의 중성지질은 esterified sterol(ES) & hydrocarbon(HC)가 $41.00{\sim}59.43\%$으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내고있었다. 또 유리지질 중의 인지질은 phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE)가 $54.56{\sim}66.79\%$로 가장 많고 그 다음이 phosphatidyl choline(PC)가 $21.88{\sim}34.28\%$로 되어 있는 반면 결합지질중의 인지질은 PC가 $50.49{\sim}70.57\%$로 가장 많고 그 다음이 PE로 $15.74{\sim}24.92\%$를 차지하고 있었다. 4. 유리 및 결합지질 중의 극성지질의 중요 구성 지방산은 $C_{16:0}\;(17.53\%,\;19.29\%)$, $C_{18:1}\;(24.57\%,\;16.08\%)$, $C_{18:2}\;(8.39\%,\;4.03\%)$, $C_{22:5}\;(1.68\%,\;8.08\%)$, 및 $C_{22:6}$산($6.22\%,\;13.60\%$)으로 되어 있으며, 비극성 지질의 경우 중요 구성지방산은 $C_{16:0}\;(17.67\%,\;24.15\%)$, $C_{16:1}\;(12.81\%,\;5.52\%)$, $C_{18:1}\;(24.13\%,\;13.02\%)$, $C_{18:2}\;(15.47\%,\;8.68\%)$, $C_{22:5}\;(0.88\%,\;4.14\%)$ 및 $C_{22:6}$산($1.17\%,\;5.04\%$)으로 되어 있었다. $C_{22:5}$ 및 $C_{22:6}$산 등 고도불포화지방산의 함량은 극성 및 비극성지질에 관계없이 유리지질에 비하여 결합지질쪽에 $2{\sim}5$배 정도 높았다. 5. 불포화도(TUFA/TSFA)는 극성지질에서는 결합지질(2.74)이 유리지질(2.02)보다 높았으나 비극성지질에서는 유의성있는 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. monoenoic acid에 대한 polyenoic acid의 비(TPEA/TMEA)는 결합지질($1.09{\sim}l.43$)이 유리지질($0.49{\sim}0.68\%$)보다 $2{\sim}3$배 높았고, 필수지방산 함량은 유리지질($14.14{\sim}16.71\%$)이 결합지질($10.07{\sim}11.31\%$)보다 약간 높았으며, w3 고도불포화지방산 함량은 극성지질($10.15{\sim}27.66\%$)이 비극성지질($4.16{\sim}16.55\%$) 보다 2배이상의 높은 함량을 나타내고 있었다. 6. 부위별 중성지질의 지방산 조성을 비교하여 보면, 중요 구성지방산은 $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1}\;C_{18:0},\;C_{18:2}$ 및 $C_{20:6}$산으로 $C_{16:0}$산은 피부의 결합지질($27.10\%$) 및 내장의 유리지질($24.31\%$)에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내고 있었고, $C_{16:1}$산은 내장부($13.33\%$ 및 $11.22\%$)에 높았으며, $C_{18:0}$산은 유의성있는 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. $C_{18:1}$산은 육질부에서 $27.45\%$(유리) 및 $26.26\%$(결합)로 가장 높았고, $C_{18:2}$산도 육질부에서 $17.60%$(유리) 및 $16.83\%$(결합)로 높은 함량을 나타내고 있었으며, $C_{22:6}$산은 부위에 관계없이 결합지질($5.04{\sim}13.38\%$)이 유리지질($1.11{\sim}1.14\%$)보다 월등히 높았다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.100-102
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• 1991

제사공정의 부잠사 처리폐수에 대하여 그 성상과 추출 유지성분을 분석한 결과 1. 부잠폐수의 COD 605mgO/$\ell$ 총 용존 고형물량 2,335mg/$\ell$ 총 부유 고형물량 2,234mg/$\ell$이었다. 2. 부잠폐수의 지질에는 triglyceride가 76.8%로 가장 많이 함유되었으며 유리 지방산 12.5%와 diglyceride 5.7% free sterol 5.0% 순이었다. 3. 부잠폐수지질의 지방산 조성은 oleic acid, linolenic acid와 linoleic acid의 함유율이 64.93%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고 palmitic acid 29.39% stearic acid 4.93%의 순이었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1998

Bupleury radix has been used for the treatment of fever, liver disease, inflammation in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Bupleury radix aqua-acupuncture solution (BRAS) in vitro. Oxygen derived free radicals produced in the course of normal aerobic life, such as superoxide anion radical($O_2^-$ ), hydroxyl radicaI( OH), hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) and singlet oxygen($^1O_2$) can attack polyunsaturated fatty acid in cell membranes, enzymes, other cell compounds, and give rise to lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, lipofuscin accumulation, structure alteration of cell membrane and cell death. In this study, antioxidant effects of BRAS on lipid peroxidation were determined according to the method of TBA. BRAS inhibited markedly peroxidation of linoleic acid during the autoxidation, and also inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by hydroxyl radical derived from $H_2O_2-Fe^{2+}$ in rat liver homogenate. And BRAS showed 30% scavenging effect on DPPH radical, also exhibited a 30% inhibitory effect on superoxide generation from xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. In addition, BRAS protected the cell death induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP) and significantly increased cell viability in the normal rat liver cell(Ac2F).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2011

The radical scavenging activity and inhibition effect from lipid peroxidation induced by peroxyl radical of methanol extract from Perilla frutescens and its active compound, rosmarinic acid (RA), were investigated in vitro. The treatment of extract and RA scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) and nitric oxide in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, the extract and RA showed strong radical scavenging activity against ${\cdot}OH$, the most toxic and reactive radical. In addition, Perilla frutescens and RA effectively inhibited lipid oxidation induced by sodium nitroprusside and 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride, determined by the ferric thiocyanate method. The present results suggest that Perilla frutescens and RA play a protective role against oxidative stress induced by free radical and lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 1997

The effect of dietary taurine supplementation on plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats fed one of the following two cholesterol-free diets for 5 weeks ; a control diet(CD : cholesterol -free and taurine -fee diet) and a taurine supplemented diet(TSD : CD + 1.5% taurine). There were no significant differences in liver weight and cummulative body weight gains between the groups at the end of the experimental period .However, the liver weight to body weight ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by dietary taurine supplementation. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly reduced(37%, 26% and 53% respectively) in rats fed TSD compared to those fed CD. There were no significant differences in plasma free fatty acid and total phospolipid levels between the two groups. Feeding TSD to the rats significantly reduced their hepatic triglyceride concentration(43% decrease , p<0.001) but elevated their hepatic free fatty acid level(77% increase, p<0.001) as compared to the control rats. Liver cholesterol concentration was not significantly influenced by the dietary taurine supplementation. Dietary taurine supplementation significantly reduced the percentage of phosphatidylcholine and phosp-atidylethanolamine, but elevated the prospholipids in the liver homogenates as compared to the values for the CD rats. These results suggest the possible roles of taurine as a hypochlesterolmic and hypotriglyceride agent in rats fed a cholesterol-free diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.713-728
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• 2002

This study was performed to see effects of whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intakes on lipid metabolism during aging in old Sprague-Dawely male rats. One hundred twenty rats of 13 months old Sprague-Dawely were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for 3, 5 or 7 months with diets containing 2% (w/w) dried powders of three different pars of grape and 0.02% (w/w) CdCl₂. Body weights of Cd groups were lower than Cd free groups. Kidney and spleen weights were incre ased with age, and EEP weights of Cd groups were lower than those of Cd free groups. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration in plasma increased with age. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake lowered plasma total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and especially grape pomace lowered them markedly. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake decreased liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and increased fecal lipid excretion. Grape diets decreased and Cd administration increased TBARS concentration in LDL fraction. In conclusion, grape diets were effective in decreasing lipid levels of liver and plasma, TBARS in LDL, and in increasing HDL cholesterol. The grape pomace was most effective among three grape parts. It is plausible that grape might be recommended for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease and delaying aging. (Korean J Nutrition 35 (7): 713∼728, 2002)