• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.138-149
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate and analyze the problems on 'System for Author's Property Right Limitation' in the North Korean Copyright Law. The NK Copyright Law had applied the international standards superficially, it may not be considered to get out of the grand frame of NK system. Especially, it is different that there is lack or short of contents on transfer, disposition, succession, trust, and so on for Author's Property Right. For example, free usages of Literary Works upon the NK law of Author's Property Right were described as 9 cases including copy and translation for personal purpose; copy in the library, etc. However, there are many insufficient items in view of international standards among the cases, showing omissions of critical terminology such as publications of literary works, purpose of usage, scope of usage, etc. Therefore, the NK law of Author's Property Right is interpreted not to be satisfied with the requirements for the law of Author's Property Right but to be legalized in terms of external announcement, and it seems not to be considered as the Author's Property Right Law with general standards enough to demonstrate the creativity freely.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.265-288
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• 2016

The study aimed to suggest a model sample for guidance system for copyright of domestic journals and open access policy. Toward this end, analyses were conducted to examine copyright of domestic journals and open access environment. As a result of analyses, it turned out that 33.8% of domestic journals had 'regulations on ownership of rights to papers published in journals,' and that the subject to ownership of rights to papers published in domestic journals accounted for 28.8%, which was the highest rate. Of domestic journals, 34% charged a subscription fee, and they were toll access journals, and 56% were free access journals. As for system examples of guide system for copyright of foreign journals and open access policy, analyses were conducted to examine and investigate SHERPA/RoMEO in the U.K. and SCPJ in Japan and generate considerations at a time of domestic application. What needs to be taken into account is that overseas examples are focused on collecting and introducing self-archiving policy by authors for academic journals, so there are limitations in offering information including open access publication policy for domestic journals. Based on the analytical result, the study designated the purpose, direction and four steps that need to be considered at a time of development of guide system models for copyright and open access policy for domestic journals before suggestion of the basic direction and operational methods by stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.263-283
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• 2010

Free Use License is an effective means of allowing many people to freely use works in the public domain. It can also prevent copyright infringement problems. This article analyzes the current service and domestic and foreign technology as it applies to free use license. It then proposes a plan which incorporates diverse requirements including technical aspects. Strategies are formulated from the technical, service and the resources connection perspectives for applying license in addition to searching and using licensed works. This article suggests a three-stage utilization plan to encourage the use of free use license. First, a connection plan between digital archiving and free use license, is developed. Then, a connection plan between UCI identifier and free use license is developed, and finally, the plan for the use of public resources is presented.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2018

Since the introduction of MP3 players, CD recordings have gradually been vanishing, and the music consuming environment of music users is shifting to mobile devices. The introduction of smart devices has increased the utilization of music through music playback, mass storage, and search functions that are integrated into smartphones and tablets. At the time of initial MP3 player supply, the bitrate of the compressed music contents generally was 128 Kbps. However, as increasing of the demand for high quality music, sound quality of 384 Kbps appeared. Recently, music content of FLAC (Free License Audio Codec) format using lossless compression method is becoming popular. The download service of many music sites in Korea has classified by unlimited download with technical protection and limited download without technical protection. Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology is used as a technical protection measure for unlimited download, but it can only be used with authenticated devices that have DRM installed. Even if music purchased by the user, it cannot be used by other devices. On the contrary, in the case of music that is limited in quantity but not technically protected, there is no way to enforce anyone who distributes it, and in the case of high quality music such as FLAC, the loss is greater. In this paper, the author proposes an audio watermarking technology for copyright protection of high quality stereo music. Two kinds of information, "Copyright" and "Copy_free", are generated by using the turbo code. The two watermarks are composed of 9 bytes (72 bits). If turbo code is applied for error correction, the amount of information to be inserted as 222 bits increases. The 222-bit watermark was expanded to 1024 bits to be robust against additional errors and finally used as a watermark to insert into stereo music. Turbo code is a way to recover raw data if the damaged amount is less than 15% even if part of the code is damaged due to attack of watermarked content. It can be extended to 1024 bits or it can find 222 bits from some damaged contents by increasing the probability, the watermark itself has made it more resistant to attack. The proposed algorithm uses quantization in DCT so that watermark can be detected efficiently and SNR can be improved when stereo music is converted into mono. As a result, on average SNR exceeded 40dB, resulting in sound quality improvements of over 10dB over traditional quantization methods. This is a very significant result because it means relatively 10 times improvement in sound quality. In addition, the sample length required for extracting the watermark can be extracted sufficiently if the length is shorter than 1 second, and the watermark can be completely extracted from music samples of less than one second in all of the MP3 compression having a bit rate of 128 Kbps. The conventional quantization method can extract the watermark with a length of only 1/10 compared to the case where the sampling of the 10-second length largely fails to extract the watermark. In this study, since the length of the watermark embedded into music is 72 bits, it provides sufficient capacity to embed necessary information for music. It is enough bits to identify the music distributed all over the world. 272 can identify $4*10^{21}$, so it can be used as an identifier and it can be used for copyright protection of high quality music service. The proposed algorithm can be used not only for high quality audio but also for development of watermarking algorithm in multimedia such as UHD (Ultra High Definition) TV and high-resolution image. In addition, with the development of digital devices, users are demanding high quality music in the music industry, and artificial intelligence assistant is coming along with high quality music and streaming service. The results of this study can be used to protect the rights of copyright holders in these industries.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.123-169
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• 2002

The Advent of the global information structure and the do-called digital revolution raise countless new issues and questions. There are no limitations regulating the expressions on the cyberspace due to internet's of quality anonymity\ulcorner diversity\ulcorner spontaneity. Therefore, the freedom of speech is expanded in both areas of time and space, which was impossible with the old communicating system. The rapid development of the internet may not have occurred without techniques of linking and framing, which provide users flexible and easy access to other website. These techniques have enabled internet users to navigate the internet efficiently and sort through the products, services and information available on the internet. Although online technology raises many new legal issues, the law available to help us resolve them, at least today, is largely based on the world as it existed before online commerce became a reality. Thus the challenge is to predict how these new legal issues may be resolved using the current law. Especially, the damage from the above side effects on the cyberspace can be much more serious than in the real world because of promptness, wideness and anonymity. Therefore, regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace became needed, and there are two kinds of opinion; one is that the laws in the real world should be applied for the cyberspace and the other is that regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace should be performed by the users of cyberspace not by laws because the cyberspace is a free space and must not be interfered. In this study, the current judicial regulation of cyberspace, the side effects of cyberspace and the limitations of the freedom of speech are studied to solve the above problems with speech and the liabilities of on-line service providers are discussed around defamation the distribution of obscene pictures and information, and infringement of copyright.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.652-657
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• 2015

BitTorrent is an innovative protocol related to file-sharing and file-transferring, which allows users to receive pieces of files from multiple sharer on the Internet to make the pieces into complete files. In reality, however, free distribution of illegal or copyright related video data is counted for crime. Difficulty of regulation on the copyright of data on BitTorrent is caused by the fact that data is transferred with the pieces of files instead of the complete file formats. Therefore, the classification process of file formats of the digital contents should take precedence in order to restore digital contents from the pieces of files received from BitTorrent, and to check the violation of copyright. This study has suggested SVM classifier for the classification of digital files, which has the feature vector of histogram differential on the pieces of files. The suggested classifier has evaluated the performance with the division factor by applying the classifier to three different formats of video files.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

The development of digital technology and the Internet has brought about a great change in the content industry. In order to keep pace with these changes, the copyright law has undergone several revisions, and the concept of "digital sound transmission" was introduced in the 2006 revision. However, in the current law, digital audio transmission is problematic in that the criteria for distinguishing between broadcasting and transmission is abstract and unclear. This ambiguity makes it difficult to judge the legal status of new music webcasting service such as "Free Litsen". Although these services are positioned as digital audion transmission, they have created a new concept of pseudo transmission because of its similarity to the audio transmission in its convenience and utility. These problems stem from the imbalance of between the development of technology and the legal system, so the change of the legal system is inevitable. Thus, this study discusses US copyright law and related cases, and then suggests solutions for pseudo transmission problems. This study suggests legislative criteria for pseudo transmission problems and legislative measures that can reduce the actual damage to the music market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.348-359
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• 2013

The core of contents monetization is the consumer's willingness to pay. In the past, the terrestrial contents can be used through the frequency for free. As the terrestrial contents use via online services has been increased, the importance of willingness to pay for the broadcasting contents is getting bigger. To find critical factors which can influence on the willingness to pay for the terrestrial contents, independent factors are categorized into three. The independent factors are users' awareness for copyright protection, contents characteristics, and platform characteristics. The results show that attitude for paying, subjective norms for copyright protection, rapid providing of contents, quality of service, social critical point, and expected service value are found out as significant factors. This result implies that it is necessary to enhance platform competitiveness to survive in convergence environment and customer relationships should be reinforced to maintain them as loyal customers.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.190-203
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• 2015

Free and open source software (FOSS) has created a large pool of source codes that can be easily copied to create new applications. However, a copy should preserve copyright notice and license of the original file unless the license explicitly permits such a change. Through software evolution, it is challenging to keep original licenses or choose proper licenses. As a result, there are many potential license violations. Despite the fact that violations can have high impact on protecting copyright, identification of violations is highly complex. It relies on manual inspections by experts. However, such inspection cannot be scaled up with open source software released daily worldwide. To make this process scalable, we propose the following two methods: use machine-based algorithms to narrow down the potential violations; and guide non-experts to manually inspect violations. Using the first method, we found 219 projects (76.6%) with potential violations. Using the second method, we show that the accuracy of crowds is comparable to that of experts. Our techniques might help developers identify potential violations, understand the causes, and resolve these violations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.8C
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• pp.703-710
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• 2012

The new article, related to temporary copy on exploitation of copyrighted works, has been introduced in the copyright law as partly revised on December 2, 2011. While number of researches on in-network caching including Content-Centric Networking are conducted quite actively in recent years, the need for legal and institutional considerations has arisen since temporal storage (i.e. temporal copy) may be made not only at user devices but also in routers such as network equipments. This paper examines issues on temporary copy of copyrighted works mainly focusing on the articles and the related articles of the recently revised copyright law as well as the Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America and further studies necessary institutions required to actualize in-network caching.