• 약학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the anti-obese activity of sevennight extract in high fat diet-ob/ob C57BL/6J mice by oral administered for 1 weeks. Mate water extract (MATEWi) was found to lower whole body and epididymal adipose tissue weights and lowered plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), HDL and LDL, compared to those in high fat fed ob/ob group. These results suggest that Mate extract ameliorates obesity through activation of lipogenic enzymes and FA oxidation resulting from phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-$3{\beta}$, and could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for obese mices.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5345-5349
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• 2012

최근 비만은 소아에서부터 성인에 이르기까지 증가 추세에 있다. 비만은 여러 대사 질환에 영향을 주며 특히 심혈관계, 뇌혈관계 등 혈관성 질환에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이 연구는 혈관성 질환에 관여하는 apolipoprotein AI의 농도가 체질량지수와의 어떤 상관성을 가지고 있는지 알아 보고자 실시하였다. 또한 콜레스테롤과 중성지방, 유리지방산과도 분석하여 보았다. 분석방법으로 SPSS 19.0을 이용하였으며 t-test와 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 분석 결과 apolipoprotein AI의 농도는 체질량지수와는 상관성이 있었지만 -0.484 (p=0.01)으로 약한 역 상관성을 보였고, 고밀도 콜레스테롤은 0.89 (p=0.01)으로 강한 상관성, 중성지방은 -0.88 (p=0.01)으로 강한 역상관성을 나타내었다. 유리지방산은 상관성이 없는 걸로 분석되어 졌다. 결론적으로 Apolipoprotein AI 검사는 체질량지수와의 상관성은 그리 높지 않았으며 비만에 영향을 줄 수 있는 중성지방이나 콜레스테롤등을 같이 검사하여 동맥경화를 예방 할 수 있는 조절인자로 관리되어 져야 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a low-protein diet supplemented with DL-methionine plus L-cystine (Met + Cys) on the growth performance and fat accumulation of female broiler chicks during the growing period (3-6 wks old). A low-protein diet (17% CP; 3,200 ME kcal/kg) was supplemented with Met + Cys (1.1 : 1.0) at levels 0.75, 0.94, 1.25, 1.31 or 1.50% of diet, respectively. Another diet with 21% CP and 3,200 ME kcal/kg served as the control group. All essential amino acids were adjusted to meet the National Research Council (1984) requirement for chicks. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Body weight of the chicks fed the low-CP diets supplemented with Met + Cys were heavier than those of the control birds. Feed conversion ratio and feed intakes were not significantly different between and among the treatment groups. Similary, abdominal fat content was not significantly different among the various treatments except that of the chicks fed the low CP diet with 1.25% Met + Cys which was higher than that of the control group. Fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activities and carcass protein content were not influenced by dietary treatments. Carcass fat content was lowest in chicks fed low CP diet with 0.75% Met + Cys and highest in the group that received 1.50% Met + Cys supplementation. Liver triglyceride increased as Met + Cys supplementation level increased. Various lipid fraction concentrations (cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, and phospholipid) in the serum went up as Met + Cys increased up to 1.25% after which it levelled off. Results of this experiment suggest that it is possible to reduce dietary protein level from 21% to 17% for growing broiler chicks by the supplementation of Met + Cys when other EAA were sufficient.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of onion extract on growth performance, meat quality and blood profiles of White mini broilers. Total of 600 one-d-old male White mini broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed control diets (non-medicated commercial diet or antibiotics medicated) or experimental diets (non-medicated diets containing 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract) for 5 wks. The final body weight (BW) and weight gain of the group fed non-medicated control diet were lower than those of medicated control group (p<0.01). The chicks fed diet with 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract showed a similar BW to that of medicated control group. The relative weight of various organs, such as liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, abdominal fat, and the activities of serum enzymes were not affected by dietary treatments. There were no significant differences in meat color among groups. Whereas, groups fed diets containing onion extract had slightly lower cooking loss and higher shear force value, but not significantly. The concentrations of serum free cholesterol and triacylglycerol in groups fed diet containing onion extract were significantly decreased compared with those of controls (p<0.01). In conclusion, the onion extracts exerted a growth-promoting effect when added in White mini broiler diets, reflecting potential alternative substances to replace antibiotics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.299-312
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• 1993

Anthropometry, computed tomography(CT) at the umbilical level, nutrient intake, blood pressure, serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins and response of glucose, c-peptide, insulin, and free fatty acid(FFA) during oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) were estimated on 11 normal-weight controls and 35 overweight and obese middle-agd men. The areas of total abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral were determined by CT scanning technique. Total abdominal fat area correlated the most significantly with the levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins and insulin among several obese indices. Compared with normal-weight controls, overweight and obese men with abdominal fat lower than 29000$\textrm{mm}^2$ showed an increase in waist-hip ratio, areas of total abdominal(35%), visceral and subcutaneous fat and C-peptide response area during OGTT, though age, percent ideal body weight, body mass index, % body fat, and all biochemical indices except C-peptide response area were not different between two groups. Overweight and obese men with abdominal fat greater than 29000$\textrm{mm}^2$ showed a higher values in total abdominal fat(85%), serum levels of triglyceride, total-and LDL-cholesterol, the ratio of LDL-to HDL-cholesterol, and response areas of FFA, insulin and C-peptide during OGTT than normal-weight controls. Overweight and obese men with great abdominal fat showed an increase in alcohol ingestion and percent calorie intake per total energy expenditure, compared with normal-weight controls. Our results indicate that obesity and a certain level of total abdominal fat accumulation is required to observe abnormal levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins and insulin in Korean middle-aged men. In addition, increased alcohol and calorie intake and decreased physical activity could partly explain total abdominal fat accumulation in men.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.703-711
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol(BuOH) fraction of Polygonatum odoratum with selenium tr-eatment on blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidations in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetric rats. Male Sprague-Dawly rats weighing(180-200g) were divided into five groups : normal STZ-control and three expreimental groups(P, odoratum group P, odo-Se group and Se group) Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection STZ in the tail vein at the dose of 45mg/kg B.W The BuOH fraction of Polygonatum odoratum(500mg/kg. B,W) given orally administered for 14 days. The Se treated group were fed a AIN-76 recommendation diet mixed with Na2Seo3(2mg/kg diet). Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. the plasma glucose levels of the P. odo-Se group were significantly lower than the other experimental groups. The plasma cholesterol levels were higher in STZ-control and Se groups compared toP.odoratum and P. odo-Se groups and HDL-cholesterol levels were increased in the diabetic experimental groups fed on BuOH fraction of P. odoratum with Se supplementation. The liver and muscle glycogen levels were not significantly differ among all groups. The plasma free fatty acid levels were lower in diabetic experimental groups fed on BuOh fraction of P. odoratum or Se sup-plementation than STZ-control and Se groups. Diabetics rats showed the higher levels of triglyceride in plasma andlower levels in liver compared with the normal group. Supplementation with Se decreased significantly the liver triglyceride level. The MDA levels in liver and kidney were significantly reduced in all the experimental groups. In conclusion administration of BuOH fraction of Polygonatuum odoratum with selenium supplementation reduced blood glucose levels and peroxdative tissue damage in STZ induced diabetic rats showing the possibility of preventiave and therapeutic use of the wild edible plant to the diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1976

In this third report influence of vibration on growth and on some metabolism of young growing rats fed on varying levels of protein was investigated. Forty eight (48) young growing male rats weighing about 60 grams were used, grouping to four (4) groups, twelve (12) rats each group. They were fed on 8%, 13%, 19%, and 26% casein diet respectively (See the table 1) for the period of 10 weeks experiment. During the experimental period the half number of the rats of each group were subjected to a given degree of vibration for two (2) hours daily. Observations for growth rate, food and protein efficiency ratios, organs development, cholesterol levels in aorta, total nitrogen, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in urine may be summarized as follows 1. Growth was impaired by the vibration in all groups including 26% easein diet. 2. There is tendeney that in higher protein diets, the organs (See table 3) developed more well. And also the impairment of the organs development by the vibration revealed less in higher protein diets. 3. Food and protein efficiency ratios were generally decreased under vibration and the food efficiency was improved by increasing the protein level in diet. 4. Total and free cholesteral levels in aorta were increased by the vibration. Ester from/tatal ratio was 17.7% and 17.3% respectively at 8% and 13% protein diets and 54.8% and 54.2% at 19% and 26% protein diets. These show that, in higher protein diets, the vibration doesn't influence the cholesterol ratio. 5. Total nitrogen, urea nirogen and creatinine levels in urine were increased by increasing the protion level in diet and also increased by the vibration. 6. It seems that, according to the above observations, the vibration used in this experiment influenced, in certain extent, on physical development, physiological availability of nutrients, and on body metabolism. And it is also thought that higher protein diets act some good role in protecting body from suffering from vibration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.727-736
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• 1995

The hypoglycemic effect of Polygonatum odoratum var. Pluriflorum Ohwi was investigated after extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was fractionated into 4 layers ; hexane, chloroform, butanol and aqueous. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats(200-300g) were induced diabetes mellitus by the streptozotocin injection(45mg/kg B.W) into the tail vein and were divided into 5 groups ; diabetic control and 4 experimental groups. All groups of the rats were fed on a AIN-76 diet, and the 4 experimental groups were orally administered with each fraction(500mg/kg B.W) for 12 days and the diabetic control group was orally administered CMC. The body weight gain was monitered and the blood levels of glucose and cholesterol were measured. Levels of protein, triglyceride, and free fatty acid in plasma were analysed. The contents of protein, triglyceride and glycogen in liver and of protein and glycogen in muscle were also determined. The body weight gain was shown significantly higher in the H2O fraction group than that in the diabetic control group and the heart weight was greater in the CHCl3 group. The extents of blood glucose decrement were greater in the BuOH and H2O groups than that in the control group. The urinary glucose excretion was shown relatively small amount in the BuOH and H2O groups. The plasma cholesterol and protein levels were not influenced by these four fractions in diabetic rats. The liver glycogen level was significantly higher in the BuOH group. The results suggest that the orally administered BuOH and H2O fraction of Polygonatum odoratum var. Pluriflorum Ohwi exhibited hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2005

This study examined the time course effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the body weight, adipose depots and lipid profiles of ICR male mice using two different sources of fats in the diet Ninety eight mice weighing 25 to 30 g were divided into four groups: beef tallow (BT) and fish oil (FO), beef tallow with CLA supplementation (BTC), and fish oil with CLA supplementation (FOC) group. Eight to nine mice in each group were fed with the experimental diets for 1, 2 or 4 weeks, respectively. All mice were fed experimental diets containing $12\%$ of total dietary fat (w/w) with or without $0.5\%$ CLA (w/w). CLA supplementation did not affect the body weight The weight of epididymal and visceral fats were significantly lower in BTC compared to those in BT groups during the periods examined (p<0.05), whereas they were significantly lower in FOC than those in FO only at 4 weeks (p<0.05). The levels of triglycerides in the plasma were significantly decreased in the BTC group than in BT group throughout the experimental periods (p<0.05). But, FOC was only effective at 4 weeks as compared to FO. The levels of total cholesterol and HDL-C were significantly increased in the BTC than in BT during the entire period (p<0.05), whereas there were no difference between FO and FOC on the levelsof total cholesterol and HDL-C. The levels of free fatty acids (FFA) were significantly decreased in BTC than in BT at 1 and 4weeks and in FOC only at 4 weeks as compared to FO (p<0.05). Taken these results together, CLA was more effective in the beef tallow diet in lowering the epididymal and visceral fat weights and triglyceride level rather than fish oil diet with CLA. Furthermore, the effect became clearer at 4 weeks than at one week of the experiment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.720-728
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of carnitine, as well as plasma lipid level and fatty acid composition, caused by short term supplementation of carnitine in humans. Ten healthy male subjects (21.2 $\pm$ 0.5 years old) received oral carnitine supplementation (4 g/day) as tablets for two weeks. Fasting blood and random urine samples were collected from each subject both prior to and at the end of carnitine supplemention program. Following the 2 weeks of carnitine supplementation, plasma total carnitine (TCNE) concentration increased 20% (85.1 $\pm$ 7.4 vs 67.3 $\pm$ 9.1 $\mu$ mol/1, p> 0.05), while urinary excretion of total carnitine increased ten times compared to the value measured prior to the supplementation (3051 $\pm$ 692 vs 278 $\pm$ 90.1 $\mu$ mol/g creatinine, p < 0.01). Non-esterified carnitine (NEC) comprised from 71 to 88% of TCNE in plasma, and from 32 to 40% of TCNE excreted in the urine. Two weeks of carnitine supplementation in healthy adults significantly elevated plasma level of acid soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC) which is esterified mostly with short chain fatty acids (21.6 $\pm$ 1.6 $\mu$ mol/l) compared to the value measured prior to the supplementation (6.4 $\pm$ 0.8 $\mu$ mol/l) (p < 0.05). Carnitine supplementation significantly increased plasma HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.05), and decreased the atherogenic index (p < 0.05), but failed to cause any significant change in plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids. Plasma triglyceride and phospholipid fatty acid compositions were not significaly affected as well by the oral supplementation of carnitine in subjects with normal range of blood lipid levels.