• 제목/요약/키워드: framing-difference

검색결과 32건 처리시간 0.034초

부가가치세 프레이밍이 가격제시방법에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향 : 사고방식의 조절효과를 중심으로 (The influence of VAT framing on the attitude toward price frame : Focused on the moderating effect of thinking style)

  • 윤종호;정윤수;김귀곤
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제12권12호
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 제품의 가격에 부과가 되어 있는 부가가치세(Value Added Tax)를 어떻게 표시(VAT 프레임: VAT포함, VAT별도)하느냐에 따라 소비자들의 가격제시방법에 대한 태도가 달라질 수 있음을 살펴보았다. 또한 사고방식(종합적 vs. 분석적)에 따른 태도변화 즉, 조절효과도 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 실험자극물을 4가지 형태[(제품: 실용/쾌락)${\times}$(VAT: 포함/별도)]로 조작하였다. 1) 조사대상자들은 VAT별도 가격제시 방법보다 VAT포함 가격제시 방법을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 사고방식의 조절효과도 확인되었다. 즉 분석적 사고자의 경우에는 전자와 후자 간에 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 종합적 사고자의 경우에는 전자보다 후자를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 기업의 마케팅 실무 담당자들은 이와 같은 연구결과를 고려하여 효과적인 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 도움을 받을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

LiDAR를 활용한 국토환경성평가지도 산림부문 신규 평가항목의 도입 가능성 평가 (Introduction of the New Evaluation Criteria in the Forest Sector of Environmental Conservation Value Map Using LiDAR)

  • 전성우;홍현정;이종수;이우균;성현찬
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제10권5호
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    • pp.20-30
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    • 2007
  • Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is the class map to divide the national land into conservation areas and development areas based on legal and ecological assessment criteria. It contributes to enhancements of the efficiency and the scientificity when framing a policy in various fields including the environment. However, it is impossible to understand the multiphase vegetation structure as data on judging the national forest class in ECVAM are restricted to areal information of Ecological Nature Status, Degree of Green Naturality and Forest Map. This point drops the reliability of ECVAM. Therefore we constructed vegetation information using LiDAR (Light Detection And Raging) technology. We generated Biomass Class Maps as final results of this study, to introduce the new forest assessment criterion in ECVAM that alternates or makes up for existing forest assessment criteria. And then, we compared these with Forest Map and Landsat TM NDVI image. As a result, biomass classes are generally higher than stand age classes and DBH classes of Vegetation Map, and lower than NDVI of Landsat TM image because of the difference of time on data construction. However distributions between these classes are mostly similar. Therefore we estimates that it is possible to apply the biomass item to the new forest assessment criterion of ECVAM. The introduction of the biomass in ECVAM makes it useful to detect the vegetation succession, to adjust the class of the changed zone since the production of Vegetation Map and to rectify the class error of Vegetation Map because variations on tree heights, forest area, gaps between trees, vegetation vitality and so on are acquired as interim findings in process of computing biomass.

방사선학과 학생들의 학과 선택, 임상실습, 학과 교육 과정과 전공 선택 만족도의 융복합형 관련성 (The Convergence Relevance of The Department of Radiology students' Selection of Department, Clinical Practice, Curriculum of Department and The Selection Satisfaction of Major)

  • 최선욱;전민철
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제9권10호
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 방사선학과 학생들의 전공 선택 만족도에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하고 평가하였다. 방사선학과 학생 151명을 대상으로 설문 조사하여 t-test, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 학과 선택 중 선호성과 현재 요인이 유의한 차이가 있었다. 임상실습에서는 실습환경, 실습지도, 실습시간과 평가, 실습 후 만족도, 취업과의 연계성이 유의한 차이가 있었다. 학과 교육 과정 요인에서는 교육 과정 구성, 교수 학습 및 평가, 지원 시설, 학제 만족, 교육 과정 만족이 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결과적으로, 학생들의 전공 선택 만족을 높이기 위한 시스템 개발과 교육의 질 향상을 위한 노력이 필요하다.

카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 운동행동 변화과정이 자기효능감에 미치는 효과 (Effect of Exercise Behavior Change of Casino Securities on Their Self-efficacy)

  • 전용태
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제9권8호
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 운동행동 변화과정이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적 달성을 위하여 전국 각지에 있는 카지노 업체 중 시큐리티 관련 업무에 근무하고 있는 420명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 응답이 불성실하다고 판단된 47부를 제외한 373부가 분석에 사용되었다. 조사도구는 설문지를 사용하였으며, 각 설문은 연속적인 5점 Likert 척도와 명명척도로 이루어져 있으며 타당도와 신뢰도 분석을 통해 검증을 실시한 후 사용하였다. 설문지에 대한 작성이 완료된 데이터는 각 목적에 맞게 부호화하여 입력시킨 후 사회과학통계 프로그램인 SPSS 15.0 version을 이용하여 전산처리 하였다. 이와 같은 방법과 절차에 따라 기술통계 및 빈도분석, 요인분석과 신뢰검증, t검증, F검증, 다중회귀분석을 통하여 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 카지노 사큐리티 종사자의 인구학적 특성에 따른 운동행동 변화과정은 차이가 있다. 둘째, 카지노시큐리티 종사자의 인구학적 특성에 따른 자기효능감은 차이가 있다. 셋째, 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 운동행동 변화과정은 자기효능감에 영향을 미친다.

한국 사행산업 관련 뉴스의 빅데이터 분석을 통한 인식 연구 (Study on Perceptions through Big data Analysis on Gambling related News in Korea)

  • 문혜정;김성경
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.438-447
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    • 2017
  • 이 연구는 사행산업의 분야인 복권, 체육진흥투표권, 경마, 카지노에 대해 언론에서는 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지를 1990년부터 2015년까지의 뉴스데이터를 의미연결망 분석을 통해 밝혀보고자 하는 연구이다. 기사의 빈도와 연결성을 프레이밍과 시민관심 정도로 재조명 하여 기사에 대한 언론보도자의 의도와 시민의 인식차이를 밝히고, 이를 통해 정책적 특성과 개혁과제를 탐색하였다. 분석결과 복권의 경우 당첨번호, 당첨금, 조작의혹 등 당첨에 대한 부분이 주제인 '사회문제' 형태였으며, 체육진흥투표권의 경우에는 사업입찰, 불법사이트, 발매대상 등 주로 사업추진과 불법사이트에 대한 '의무정보' 종류였고, 경마의 경우 사업장, 홍보, 기사 등으로 사업홍보나 광고 관련 뉴스이었고, 마지막으로 카지노의 경우에는 불법, 도박장, 외국인 등 '주요정보'에 해당하는 논문이었다. 시대에 따라 1990년대에는 카지노, 2000년대에는 복권, 2010년대에는 경마에 대한 기사보도가 많아졌으며, 이에 대한 시민의 반응도 사업비리, 당첨, 시민운동 등의 차이가 있었다. 마지막으로 기사의 빈도와 연결성이 나타내는 프레이밍 정도와 시민의 관심은 '1. 홍보광고(경마), 2. 의무정보(스포츠베팅), 3. 사회이슈(복권), 4. 주요정보(카지노)' 네 가지로 구분되었으며 이 중 사고, 비리 등 주요기사로 구분되는 사회문제가 주요 공공의제로 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

언론보도에 따른 소비자의 이동통신비 인식에 대한 연구 (How Does Media Reports Affect Consumers' Attitude toward the Telecommunication Expense?)

  • 박용완;손수민
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제15권9호
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    • pp.87-97
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 언론보도에 따라 소비자들의 이동통신비에 대한 인식에 어떤 변화가 발생하는지를 실험 연구를 통해 검증하고 이에 대한 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 무작위로 선발된 대상자를 4개의 집단(통제집단, 고비용 언론보도 노출 집단, 저비용 언론보도 노출 집단, 동시 노출 집단)에 배정한 후 언론보도에 대한 신뢰성 및 중립성, 자신의 생각과의 일치정도, 이동통신비에 대한 인식을 측정하였다. 분산분석 결과, 소비자들은 저비용 언론보도보다 고비용 언론보도를 더 신뢰하고 중립적이라고 평가하였다. 그러나 공변량 분석으로 통해 언론보도와 자신의 생각과의 일치 정도를 제거할 경우, 분산분석에서 나타났던 신뢰성과 중립성의 차이는 사라짐을 확인하였다. 또한 소비자들은 언론보도와 무관하게 이동통신비가 비싸다는 인식을 가지고 있었으며, 이동통신비가 비싸다는 기존의 인식이 새로운 정보를 받아들이지 못하게 방해하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 가계통신비 인하에 대한 사회적 압력을 해소하기 위해서는 이동통신비가 비싸다는 소비자들의 고정관념을 변화시켜야 할 것이며, 프레이밍을 활용한 향후 연구도 고려할 수 있다.

자기선물 동기가 공연관람의 인지된 가치 및 자기선물 의향에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Self-gift Motivation on Perceived Value and Self-gift Intention of Performing Arts)

  • 원지영;정창모;신현상
    • 예술경영연구
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    • 제55호
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    • pp.39-73
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    • 2020
  • 최근 1인 가구의 급격한 증가는 전반적인 소비 트렌드뿐만 아니라 예술공연시장에도 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 공연관람 형태 중 1인 관람객 비중이 절반에 육박하면서 '혼공족'이라는 신조어가 널리 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 '1인 소비', '나만을 위한 소비' 트렌드를 대표하는 것이 나 자신을 위해 특별한 소비를 하는 '자기선물' 개념이다. 본 연구는 나를 위한 소비에 투자를 아끼지 않는 새로운 공연 관람객 집단을 이해하기 위한 틀로서 자기선물 개념을 도입하였다. 그리고 자기선물 동기가 공연관람의 인지된 가치와 자기선물 의향에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 실증하였다. 또한 1인 관람객만의 특징을 보다 명확히 확인하기 위해서 1인 관람객 집단과 2인 이상 동반관람객 집단에서 자기선물 동기의 영향력에 유의한 차이가 있는지를 검증하였다. 실증분석은 특별한 소비로서 자기선물의 특성이 잘 반영될 수 있도록 상대적으로 관람비용이 고가인 클래식 음악공연을 대상으로 삼았다. 분석결과 자기선물 동기 중 보상 동기, 실망치유 동기 및 부정적 무드 감소 동기가 공연관람의 인지된 가치를 통해 자기선물 의향에 유의한 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 그리고 다중집단분석을 통해서 1인 관람객과 2인 이상 동반 관람객 사이에 자기선물 동기 요소의 영향력에 유의한 차이가 있다는 점도 밝혔다. 문화예술 공연계가 1인 관람객, 나를 위한 소비 트렌드에 대응하기 위해서 이러한 고객집단을 이해하는 이론적 기반을 최초로 제공했다는 점에 본 연구의 기여가 있다. 또한 공연관람을 자기선물로 프레이밍 함으로써 침체된 클래식음악 공연시장을 활성화할 수 있는 실무적 시사점도 제공하였다.

주택의 조명과 거주자의 면경착용 실태조사연구 (A Study on the Illumination of Household and Research on the Actual Conditions of Wearing Spectacles in Dwellers)

  • 석호작;남철현
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.54-66
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    • 1991
  • As a result of measuring illumination and making up a question at home visit directly by investigator who trained over twenty days period from October 4 to 24, 1990, in order to render help which illumination problem against house, society against eyes or framing of health instruction potgram by seizing natural lighting actual conditions of house and actual conditions of wearing spectacles and by investigating interrelationship, I can summarize as follows. 1) In property of investigation subject, woman 66.9%, In an age, the twenties was largest of 27.4%, the forties was 20.2%, the fifties was 18.6%, the thirties was 17.4%. In academic career, those of upper secondary school grauates was largest of 28.6%, those who possess university career was 25.9%, those who middle school career was 20.9%, decoding of Korean alphabet was 2%. 2) By a residence area, a big city was 43.3%, farming and fishing villages were 20.3%, the rest was a small town and the administrative office of town, township. In positon of house, the middle area was 43.6%, resident of suburb area was 38.0%. In form of house, a Korean-style house was 40.8%, a western-style house was 34.8%, an apartment house was 11.0%. In the a standard of living, the middle classes 77.2%, the lower classes were 15.3%. In residential house unit of area, from 21 to 30 unit of area was largest of 31.5%, from 10 to 20 unit of area was 19.9%, from 31 to 40 was 18.7%. 3) The wearing spectacles rate of study user was 44.1%. By the area, those who wearing spectacles was more than a half of 50.8% in the resident of big city area. As passing from the farm area to the city, that is being resident of big city was high wearing spectacles rate. In position of house, as being residence in central street showed high wearing spectacles rate. (central street was 51.5%, the middle area was 44.5% and the suburb area was 40.1%.) It seemed similarity difference a variable by position of house from wearing spectacles in standard of 1%. By form of house, wearing spectacles rate those who resident in apartment house was 49.5%, that rate those who resident in a western-style house was high of 49.0%, that rate those who resident in a Korean-style house was the lowest 39.0%. By social position of resident in room, in students case who study showed very high, as university students were very high of 62.3% idn wearing spectacles rate, middle and high school students 'were 50.0%, members of society were 47.6%, workers 20.3%. It seemed similarity difference from academic career in standard of 1%. By an age, the thirties was high of 54.1% in wearing spectacles rate, the twenties was 43.2%, the teenage was the lowest of 11.8%. 4) In illumination of study, over 200Lux was high of 40.1%. but below 99Lux which inappropriate illumination to see the books was 32.4%. Average by area, below 99Lux was 22.7% and over 400Lux was 50.0% in case of wooden floor. As examine by area, below 99Lux was high of 27.0% a case of wooden floor in the big city area, it was not good in illumination passing from the farm area(15.0%) to the city(19.0%). Average illlumination by area of the main living room below 99Lux was high of 37.5%, less than 200Lux was 58.5% of whole. In general, illumination of the main livingroom was inappropriate. By area, the big city was 32.5% below 99Lux, the middle and small city area were 33.8%, town and township area were 45.0%, farming and fishing area were 42.8%. By area, in the big city, illumination of study was 52.5% over 200Lux and 28.9% below 99Lux. In case of the middle and small city, study user of below 99Lux was 38.8% and over 200Lux was 46.9%. In case of the seat of town township, below 99Lux was 34.1% and over 200Lux was 39.7%. In case of farming and fishing area, illumination of study was 33.4% below 99Lux and 48.4% over 200Lux. It tends to high rate of inappropriate illumination. 5) By position of house, in case of wooden floor, less than 100Lux was 24.5% in central street. It was bad illumination than others position of house. In case of the main livingroom, less than 100Lux was 40.4% in the suburb area. It was bad iliumnation than others position of house. In case of study, less than 100Lux was 35.4% in the middle area, it was worse in illumination. In case of the main living room, is seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%. 6) By form of house, in case of wooden floor, illumination of less than 100Lux was 23.8% in a western-style house, it was bad illumination than others form of house. In case of the main livingroom, illumination of less than 100Lux was 47.4% in a Korean-style house, it was remarkably bad illumination than others form of house. In case of study, a Korean-style house was 38.8%, it was very bad illumination than others form of house. In case of the main livingroom and study, it seemed similatrity difference each as P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 in standard of 1%. 7) The wearing spectacles rate of those who use room of illumination over 400Lux was 40.7%, and that of those who use room of illumination less than 100Lux was 28.1%. It seemed similarity differecce in standard of 1%. 8) In period of wearing spectacles, 21.3% of total investigator-highest-was from before five years, 8.6% was from before three years. Among those who use of illumintion less than 99Lux, 34.0% began to wear spectacles from before two years 31.7% was from before five years, 30.3% was from before four years. It seemed similarity difference from period of wearing spectacles by illumination in standard of 1 %. 9) Among cause which sight grow worse, the first was that it was each 33.2% and 27.4% in response rate because watch TV nearly to wearing spectacles person and non-wearing person. The second was that a lot of seeing books was 25.3% in wearing spectacles person and response rate for dark illumination was 7.4% in nonwearing spectacles person. It seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%. (P < 0.01). 10) In experience which take medicine good for eyes, it was 50.1% in wearing spectacles person and 8.5% in non-wearing spectacles person. It seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%(P < 0.01). As we have seen above, inappropriate illumination can be a cause of wearing spectacles. Nevertheless, actually, is realities to indifferent against illumination of house. So it must learn knowledge about health obstacle of illumination through society instruction and school eduction against students as well as general residents. In case that natural lighting is inappropriate structural of house, we must be able to maintain appropriate illumination through artificial illumination. And so eyes which is core of human life have to be protected, related the authorities, related group, and all health medical personnel will organically cooperate with and make efforts.

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사무 자동화에 따른 사무직 근로자의 건강과 연관된 자각 증상에 대한 조사연구 (An Investigation on the self-consciousness Symptoms of the Clerical Workers attendant upon Office Automation)

  • 정미화
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제3권호
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    • pp.54-70
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    • 1993
  • According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.

    . In conclusion, the self-consciousness symptoms of the subjects to use OA apparatus appeared differently, according to sex distiction, skillfull degree of OA apparatus, use hours of OA apparatus, the rest hours during th use of OA apparatus, and the satiafaction degree of persent business. Therefore, it is necessary that the nurse in the inuctry field must recognize to receive the education about the human technological physical condition which is most proper for te use of OA apparatus and about the proper rest method until they get accustomed to the use of OA apparatus. In addition, the simple exercise relax the tention of muscle due to the repetitive simple movement, and the education for the protection of eyesight are necessary.

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  • 쌀 생산체계에 대한 영농방법별 전과정평가: 관행농, 무농약, 유기농법별 탄소배출량 비교 (Life Cylcle Assessment (LCA) on Rice Production Systems: Comparison of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) Emission on Conventional, Without Agricultural Chemical and Organic Farming)

    • 유종희;권영립;김건엽;이종식;김계훈;소규호
      • 한국토양비료학회지
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      • 제45권6호
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      • pp.1157-1163
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      • 2012
    • 2011년 전북 군산과 익산 지역의 관행농, 무농약, 유기농 농가를 대상으로 영농방법별로 쌀 생산 과정 중 투입 배출되는 물질 목록을 면접조사하여 전과정평가를 수행하고 쌀 생산체계에 대한 영농방법별 환경영향을 평가하고 탄소배출량을 비교 분석하였다. 전과정 목록분석 결과 $CO_2$ 배출은 화학비료 생산과 벼 재배단계에서 가장 많았고, $CH_4$$N_2O$ 배출은 대부분 벼 재배 중에 발생되었다. 쌀 (조곡) 1 kg 생산을 기준으로 하는 탄소성적은 관행농이 1.01E+00 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았고, 무농약이 5.37E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$, 유기농법이 6.58E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$였다. 농자재 투입량이 가장 적었던 무농약 쌀 생산에서 탄소성적이 가장 낮았고, 생산량은 가장 적었지만 복비투입이 없었던 유기농이 관행농보다 탄소성적이 낮았다. 관행농과 무농약 쌀 생산체계에서 온실가스 배출 주요 요인은 복비생산과 벼 재배 중 $CH_4$ 발생이었고, 유기농에서는 벼 재배 중 농기계 연료사용과 논토양 $CH_4$ 발생이었다. 그러므로 온실가스 감축을 위한 영농방법 활용으로 복합비료 적정량 사용을 위한 맞춤형 비료의 권장 및 벼논 물관리에 의한 메탄발생 저감방법 등을 제안하며, 더불어 유기농법에서는 수확량 향상을 위한 생산 효율성 증대와, 벼 재배 단계에서 농기계 연료 효율성 증대 활용에 관한 연구가 요구되었다.