• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2024

Objectives: Borderline intelligence has been excluded from formal diagnostic systems and not included in disability diagnoses, leaving gaps in treatment, education, and social welfare despite various functional impairments. Therefore, we aimed to shed light on ways to enhance the intelligence and functioning of individuals with borderline intelligence by reviewing research on its progression, education, and treatment. Methods: Ten studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final literature review and analyzed according to detailed topics (participant characteristics, design, and results). Results: Borderline intelligence is associated with various comorbid conditions, such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and addictive disorders, which negatively impact its course and prognosis. Individuals with borderline intelligence often face challenges in academics, employment, interpersonal relationships, and health owing to lifelong cognitive impairments. The treatment of borderline intelligence necessitates addressing environmental factors, such as neglect and abuse, as well as treating comorbid mental disorders, which are crucial for prognosis. Tailoring treatment programs for cognitive profile characteristics have been proposed, and studies have reported the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, working memory training, and intensive rehabilitation training. Therefore, early intervention during childhood brain development is necessary. Risk factors, such as lack of parental education, and their impact on treatment outcomes have also been reported. Conclusion: Extensive research is needed on education, treatment, and prognosis related to borderline intelligence. Active intervention for children with borderline intelligence is essential to improve their functioning and quality of life.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

A subsea chemical injection system treats blockage problems in a subsea production system. It is important to treat problems quickly, because production delays cause fatal profit losses in a subsea production system. Therefore, the subsea industry requires a relatively higher reliability level for a production system compared to other industries. In this study, a subsea chemical injection system (linked to a control system) to inject chemicals into a subsea X-mas tree was analyzed. By using FSA (Formal Safety Assessment), the risk factors were defined and a quantitative risk analysis utilizing FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and ETA (Event Tree Analysis) was performed. As a result, the effectiveness of a risk reduction option was evaluated.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제9권spc호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2003

This study investigated how different types of formal instruction affect the second language looming of English grammatical structure among Korean high-school students. The linguistic focus of the study was English present perfect, which often creates learning problems for Korean learners of English. Subjects were divided into a control group and an experimental group (Enhanced group). The input the subjects in the experimental group received was manipulated by visually enhancing (with highlighting of the target structures in a reading text). Learners' awareness of the rules throughout the treatment period, as well as accuracy of target structures was measured. Results indicated that subjects in the Enhanced group showed higher performance than the control group. Further, awareness of rules that learners developed over the treatment period did not provide any advantage in learning.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권3호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and more than 80% of cases are of non-small cell lung cancer. Although chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy may provide some benefit, there is a need for newer therapies for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Immunotherapy aims to augment the recognition of cancer as foreign, to stimulate immune responsiveness, and to relieve the inhibition of the immune response that allows tolerance to tumor survival and growth. Two immunotherapeutic approaches showing promise in NSCLC are immune checkpoint inhibition and cancer vaccination. Although currently immunotherapy does not have an established role in the treatment of NSCLC, these patients should be enrolled in formal clinical trials.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.837-850
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• 2002

학생들의 인지발달을 촉진시켜 학습효과를 높이려고 개발된 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 조사했다. 중학교 1학년(841명) 학생들이 연구에 참가하였으며, 같은 분량의 시간동안 실험반에서는 교육과정에 따른 과학 교과 수업과 '생각하는 과학' 활동을 병행하였고, 통제반에서는 과학교과 수업만을 수행하였다. 연구 초기에 논리적 사고력 검사(SRT II)를 이용하여 집단의 동질성을 비교하고, 2년 동안 실험반에 CASE 프로그램을 처치한 후 이질동형검사도구인 SRT VII을 이용하여 처치별, 성별, 인지수준별 인지가속에 대한 효과를 조사했다. CASE 프로그램에 의한 중학생들의 인지발달 가속 효과는 중간검사에서는 보이지 않았으나, 사후검사에서 상당히 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 성별에 따라 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 비교한 결과 남 여 중학생들 모두에게 유의미한 인지가속이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 남학생들 보다 여학생들의 인지수준이 더 발달된 것으로 밝혀졌으나, 처치와 성별간 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 학생들의 사전 인지수준에 따라 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 분석한 결과, 모든 인지수준에서 처치효과가 뚜렷하게 있었으나 특별한 경향성은 나타나지 않아다. 특히 초기 구체적 조작기(ES=1.10)와 전조작기 (ES=1.07), 그리고 구체적조작 후기(ES=1.01) 학생들에게 상당히 큰 효과가 있었다. 이상과 같은 CASE 프로그램의 성공적인 결과는 현행 우리나라 과학교육과정 개정과 교육방법 개선에 시사하는 바가 많다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제20권
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• pp.31-48
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• 2018

국립부여박물관 소장 금강사지 치미 2점(부여2150-1, 부여2150-2, 이하 2150-1, 2150-2라 한다)은 금강사지 사역에서 발견된 것으로 잔존하는 하부가 비교적 완형의 형태를 갖추고 있어 치미의 형태와 제작기법을 확인할 수 있는 매우 중요한 자료이다. 본 연구에서는 사전에 이물질 제거 등의 보존처리를 실시하였으며 이후 육안관찰을 실시하여 금강사지 치미의 형태적 특징과 제작기법을 비교·검토하였다. 그 결과 치미 2점은 표면 색상, 태토, 형태, 크기, 장식된 문양 등 외형적 특징이 매우 유사하였으나 제작기법에 있어서는 약간의 차이를 보였다. 2150-1은 몸통과 날개를 각각 제작하고 등대 내부에 구멍을 마련하지 않은 반면, 2150-2는 점토판을 길게 조성하여 몸통과 날개를 동시에 제작하였으며 등대 내부에 원형의 구멍을 제작한 것이 확인되었다. 또한 치미 2점 모두 몸통 제작과정에서 의도적으로 한쪽 몸통의 형태를 기울어지도록 한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

과학교과 내용이 요구하는 인지수준과 학생들의 인지수준이 맞지 않아 생기는 문제점을 극복하는 적극적인 대처 방안으로 학생들의 인지발달을 촉진시켜 과학교과 내용의 이해를 도모하기 위해 구안된CASE 프로그램의 효과를 조사했다. 초등학교 5학년(11세) 420명의 학생들이 연구에 참가하였으며, 같은 분량의 시간동안 실험반에서는 교육과정에 따른 과학교과 수업과 '생각하는 과학' 활동을 병행하였고, 통제반에서는 과학교과 수업만을 수행하였다. 연구 초기에 논리적 사고력 검사(SRT ll)를 이용하여 집단의 동질성을 비교하고, 2년 동안 실험반에 CASE 프로그램을 처치한 후 처치별, 성별, 인지수준별 인지가속 효과를 조사했다 2년간 지도한 결과 CASE 프로그램이 인지가속에 매우 효과적인 것(MS=16.883, F=10.360, p=.001; ES=0.40)으로 확인되었다. 특히 초기 1년 동안 인지가속에 매우 효과적인 것(MS=10.491, F=9.302, p=.002; ES=0.41)으로 나타났다 학생들의 성별에 따라 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 비교한 결과 남학생들 보다 여학생들이(ES 남:여=0.27:0.59) 좀 더 나은 효과를 보였다. 학생들의 사전 인지수준에 따른 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 분석한 결과, 전기 구체적 조작기(2A) 학생들은 중간검사에서 인지발달이 있는 것(ES=0.23)으로 나타났으며, 이러한 효과가 꾸준히 증가하여 사후검사에서는 인지발달이 아주 현저하게(ES=0.70) 나타났다 중기 구체적 조작기(2A/2B)와 후기 구체적 조작기(2B) 학생들에게서도 인지가속 효과가(ES=0.30,0.23) 나타났으나, 과도기(2B/3A)와 전조작기((2A) 학생들에게는 CASE 프로그램의 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 학생들의 사후 인지수준이 형식적 조작기(3A 이상)로 상향 변화된 비율이 실험반(21.8%)이 통제반(8.6%)보다 2.5배나 높았다. 이와 같은 인지가속은 초기, 중기, 그리고 후기 구체적 조작기 학생들에게서 명백하게 나타났다. 우리나라 과학 교과내용이 요구하는 인지수준과 생들의 실제 인지수준과의 격차로 인해 생기는 과학교육의 문제점을 좀 더 적극적으로 대처하는데 CASE 프로그램과 관련된 여러 가지 자료가 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 의료법학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.53-75
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• 2008

The end of life problem in the United States has been evolved from the development of concept of brain death over last 50 yr. The invention of ventilator and the development of emergency medicine also played a key role to elongate the end stage of life and which caused the American people to ask a question about the patients self determination and refusing the unwarranted medical treatment in the view of the death with dignity. With regard to the patient unable to self determination, surrogate decision was also considered. To guarantee the self determination, The patient self determination act also enacted on the level of Federal regulation in 1990s. But no law has effectively dealt with the situation when medical treatment became futile. Along with the significant debates on literature and court cases. The American Medical Association's Council on Medical and Judical Affairs presented formal opinion and the Texas was the first states to regulate the medical futile situation in 1999. Even though that definition was in controversy, the concept of medical futility mainly focused on the doctors' right to refuse the treatment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1987

The problem addressed by this study was to reveal what people of Korean rural villages think about the cause, treatment and prevention of illness. The purpose was to contribute to the building of a concept of health toward the development of Korean Nursing Theory. Subjects were residents of five districts among four counties in a farming area of Chonbuk province recommended by health workers as appropriate informants. They were interviewed in their homes, using ethnoscientific methods developed in anthropology. The research tool consisted of open questions developed through the literature and preliminary exploratory interviews. Data were analyzed by classifying each concepts of cause, treatment and prevention of illness or illness symptoms collated by frequency and percentage. The causes of illness are conceived as primarily concrete physical and natural, for examples, overeating, lack of energy, changes in the season and extreme temperatures. Compared to others studies, few supernatural causes related to traditional view of illness were identified. Concepts of the treatment of illness included formal treatments used by modern western or oriental physicians and traditional therapists. But folk medicine used by traditional healers or by the family in the home was most prevalent. The concept of illness prevention originated in the concept of the cause of illness, thus primarily physical and natural, for examples, nutritious food, limiting the amount of food, avoiding becoming cold. When the concept of illness of rural Korean is researched from a sociocultural aspect, the traditional views of an evil cause of ill health and treatment by supernatural methods is not found to be prevalent but folk medicine still occupies a large place in treatment which si often a complex mixture from many mysterious sources. The significance of this study lies in the fact that ethnonursing research can contribute basic data toward the development of Korean nursing theories. Modern western medical concepts have not been accepted unconditionally: traditional concepts are alive and dynamic in Korea and must be recognized in Korean nursing.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2020

Purpose: With a rapid advance of communication technology, distributional systems of sport contents continue to show improvements. In particular, a traditional framework in creating sport cartoon has been influenced by the environment of the communication industry. Despite the development of distributional systems, the current sport cartoon industry still lacks in advancement. To this day, various research about sport contents have been conducted; yet, not many studies of the interaction between sport cartoons and communication technology have been done. In this respect, this study is to review the distributional environment of the sport cartoon industry and provide distributional strategies for developing sport cartoon industry. Research design, data, and methodology: In addition to in-depth interviews with five practitioners in sport cartoon industry, the study employed case study methodology. Interview data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: With new environments allowing anyone allowing to create and share webtoons, various genres including sports webtoons appear, and this became amotive to the growth of sports webtoons. Today, sports comics acted as a sports advertisement platform which not only created additional profit but also became an opportunity as a marketing method. On the contrary, the formal attributes of webtoons cause hardship in consistently creating sports webtoons. Hence, it is needed that supporting policies need to be established to nurture sport webtoon expertise. For example, Korea Creative Content Agency allows future webtoon authors to have an opportunity to be educated and equipped in producing creative sport webtoon contents. Moreover, revenue systems should be developed for motivating webtoon authors to involve in sport contents in their works. Conclusions: In order to promote the sports cartoon industry based on the findings, it is first necessary to create sports comics that reflect the formal characteristics of webtoons and the changing consumer environment. Second, it is important to acknowledge the industrial value of sports comics and it is necessary to promote policies regarding sports webtoon production and distribution from a national level. Third, by diversifying profits through OSMU and sports advertisements, it is possible to enhance the work environment and the treatment of authors. Implications and future directions were discussed.