• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.503-509
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Forest-walking exercise on gait pattern in the elderly. The subjects (n=37) were assigned to 2 groups: Forest-walking exercise (FWE) group (n=19, $66.34{\pm}4.31$ years old) and In-door treadmill-walking exercise (ITWE) group (n=18, $67.18{\pm}2.78$ years old). The subjects participated in FWE program or ITWE program (3 times/week, 80 min/day) for 12 weeks. The subjects were tested on functional fitness (strength, endurance, agility/balance, BMI) and gait pattern (cadence, velocity, and stability) at the beginning and the end of the 12-weeks program. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and independent t-test and repeated two-way ANOVA were used. The results of this study were as follow: First, FWE group was significantly more improved than ITWE group on functional fitness(lower-body muscular strength, lower-body flexibility, mobility, cardiorespiratory endurance) after 12-weeks exercise program. But both groups showed equally improvements on functional fitness (upper-body muscular strength, upper-body flexibility, BMI). Second, FWE group was significantly more improved than ITWE group on cadence, gait velocity, and gait stability after 12-weeks exercise program. Therefore, this study may suggest that Forest-walking exercise based on sensory-motor functional integration improves efficiently functional fitness and gait pattern in the elderly, and further becomes an effective exercise method that makes more dynamic life, and prevents from falling.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

This study was undertaken to investigate the variation of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) in transverse direction and three different directional (longitudinal, radial, and tangential) linear movements, and diffusion coefficients within a tree disc of Korean red pine (pinus densiflora). The EMC gradually increased in heartwood from pith. Therefore, the chemical components might differ even in heartwood and the radial variation in EMC might have a close relationship with the cellulose content within a cross section. The specific gravity increases gradually from pith and the porosity has not direct influence on the variation of EMC within a tree disk. Both the radial and tangential diffusion coefficients exhibited clear trend of increase from pith. The EMC change (${\Delta}EMC$) and tangential diffusion coefficient were close to be axisymmetrical but others were deviated from axisymmetry. The diffusion coefficient decreases with decreasing an activation energy and specific gravity, The diffusion coefficient increased with increasing ${\Delta}EMC$ and hygroscopicity of wood might be inversely proportional to the activation energy, The fJEMC may depend on the chemical constituents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. As the number of sorption sites and sorption capacity of wood increase, therefore, it might be assumed that the hygroscopicity of wood increases while activation energy decreases. Modeling physico-mechanical behavior of wood, the variations should be considered to improve the accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2009

Therapeutic uses of forest are recently discussed as an alternative clinical or psychological program for diverse population. This study was to performed to investigate the influence of the therapeutic forest program on unmarried mothers' depression and self-esteem. From April to July of 2008, total 24 programs were performed to 70 unmarried women in Unmarried Mothers' House in Kyunggi-do. The results of data analyses indicated that there were significant improvements in their depression and self-esteem levels after their participation in the programs.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.189-201
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• 2018

Intumescent system is a highly effective flame retardant technology that takes advantage of the mechanism of foaming and carbonization. In order to materialize Intumescent system, it is necessary to use reinforcement material to improve the strength of the material. In this study, we used kenaf as a natural fiber to manufacture intumescent/EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) composites to improve mechanical and flame retardant performance. Finally two materials with different particle shape are applied to one system. Therefore, the influence factors of the particles with different shapes on the composite material were analyzed based on the tensile test. For this purpose, we have used the tensile strength analysis model and confirmed that it can only act as a partial strength reinforcement due to weak binding force between the matrix and particles. In the combustion characteristics analysis using cone calorimeter and UL 94, the combustion characteristics were enhanced as the content of Intuemscent was increased. As the content of kenaf increased, combustion characteristics were strengthened and carbonization characteristics were weakened. Through the application of kenaf, it can be confirmed that elastic modulus improvement and combustion characteristics can be strengthened, which confirmed the possibility of development of environmentally friendly flame retardant materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physico-mechanical properties and characteristics on reduction of formaldehyde and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) emission from particleboard (PB) with added volcanic pozzolan. Pozzolan was added as a scavenger at the level of 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt.% of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin for PB manufacture. The moisture content, density, thickness swelling, water absorption and physical properties of PBs were examined. Three-point bending strength and internal bond strength were determined using a universal testing machine. Formaldehyde and TVOC were determined by desiccator and 20L small chamber methods. With increasing pozzolan content the physical and mechanical properties of the PBs were not significantly changed, but formaldehyde and TVOC emissions were decreased. Because pozzolan has a rough and irregular surface with porous form, it can be used as a scavenger for PBs at a content up to 10 wt.% without any detrimental effect on the physical and mechanical properties.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze health promotion programs utilizing forests by reviewing regional healthcare program plans in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 227 regional healthcare program plans from 2011 to 2014; seven health promotion programs of the 16 major healthcare programs were prescribed by public health law. Results: Our analysis revealed that only 35 health promotion programs from 29 sites were utilizing forests. Furthermore, of 21 known categories of health promotion programs, only nine incorporated the use of forests. Atopy-asthma healthcare programs were the most common forest health promotion programs, which also included specialized disease management programs (e.g., for atopy prevention and healing, patients with metabolic syndrome or cancer) and specialized mental health management programs (e.g., for addiction or dementia prevention). Others included programs on the development of forest roads or industrial development using forest products. Conclusion: Health programs using forests in Korea are still very limited and primarily comprise atopy-asthma prevention/management, health behavioral change, and mental health programs. This study provided useful information for developing health policies and forest health promotion programs further in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.182-192
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of school forest activities program on elementary students' science process skill and attitude toward science to make suggestions to help develop and extend the program. The subjects of the study were 49 students of two classes. One class of 24 students, experimental class, took developed 10 periods of school forest activities program. While the other class of 25 students, comparative class, took ordinary teacher driven periods using photo materials and study papers. Before and after the program, pre and post test were done. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the school forest activities program didn't have a meaningful effect on students' science process skill. Second, the school forest activities program had a meaningful effect on the improvement of students' attitude toward science. From the interview with experimental class, we could know that students had a favorable impression and high satisfaction level about the activities program.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

Malaysia possesses about 1.56 million ha of Peat Swamp Forest (PSF). The PSF safeguard enormous biological diversity, while providing crucial benefits for the sustainable development of human communities. Numbers of threatened plant species are associated with the PSF, including the commercially important Gonystylus bancanus timber. To prevent significant losses of biodiversity, it is important to manage the PSF for both biological conservation and sustainable use. Equally important is to restore all degraded PSF in an attempt to ensure the PSF ecosystem is suitable for the vegetation to grow and rehabilitate back to the normal condition. Prior to plan any forest restoration program, there is a need to properly map the degraded PSF in order to estimate the forest conditions and determine the vegetations status. Most of the time this need to be done at a landscape level and requires a technology that can provide accurate, timely and reliable information for the planner to make decision. This paper describes a study using geospatial technology in combination with ground survey to classify the degraded PSF in South East Pahang Peat Swamp Forest (SEPPSF), Malaysia, into different degree of vegetation classes. With map accuracy of about 83%, the technique proved to be useful in delineating the different degree of PSF degradation from which the information can be used to properly plan forest restoration program in the area. The final output which is in the form of map can be used in developing a Restoration Master Plan for the degraded PSF areas.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand the research trend of reports on forest therapy so far and analyze the Korean medicine therapy being applied in forest therapy programs. Methods We ran a keyword search on domestic databases with the following keyword 'forest therapy, forest healing, forest treatment, recreational forest, forest bath, forest experience'. The search took place in December 2014 and there was no limit to search time. A total of 334 forest therapy articles have been selected. Results The number of research on forest therapy continued to rise from 1985, with 334 articles being published from 84 journals. When those 188 articles were sorted by their contents and methods, except 146 articles of survey on simple satisfaction, recognition and visting, 94 were clinical studies, 79 were literature studies, 15 were experimental studies. Of the 94 clinical researches, there were 52 CCTs (Controled Clinical Trials), 39 ODs (efficacy studies with either a controlled or an Other than controlled Design) and 3 RCTs (Randomized Clinical Trials). Among the clinical researches, there were a total of 21 studies that used Korean Medicine programs, and meditation was the most popular, being used in 18 studies. Herbal food and tea therapy and Qigong were used in 3 studies each, and Korean medicine music programs were used in 2 studies. Conclusions A systematic and standardized Korean medicine forest therapy program must be developed, and based on the program, more research treating diseases should be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.420-430
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• 2001

The object of this study is to develop a computer program for the arrangement of the forest-road network maximizing the investment effect in forest-road construction with factors such as terrains, forest physiognomy, management plan, logging system, cost of forest-road construction, capacity of inputted labour, capacity of timber production and so on. The operating system developed by this study is Korean Windows 95/98 and Microsoft Visual Basic ver. 5.0. User interface was designed as systematic structure, it is presented as a kind of GUI(graphic user interface). The developed program has result of the most suitable forest-road arrangement, has suitable forest-road density calculated with cost of logging, cost of forest-road construction, diversion ratio of forest-road, cost of walking in forest. And the most suitable forest-road arrangement was designed for forest-road arrangement network which maximized investment effect through minimizing the sum of cost of logging and cost of forest-road construction. Input data were divided into map data and control data. Digital terrain model, division of forest-road layout plan, division of forest function and the existing road network are obtained from map data. on the other hand, cost of logging related terrain division, diversion ratio of forest-road and working road, cost of forest-road construction, cost of walking, cost of labor, walking speed, capacity of inputted labor, capacity of timber production and total distance of forest-road are inputted from control data. And map data was designed to be inputted by mesh method for common matrix. This program can be used to construct a new forest-road or vice forest-road which compensate already existing forest-road for the functional forestry.