• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 2016

Development activities in forest areas are analysed based on degree of slope, altitude, land cover, and prefectures in order to improve the capacity of existing regulations of 'feasibility of forest land conversion' and 'assessment of forest land characteristics' in this research. 959 land based developments between year 2007 and 2013 have been analysed. A development site includes over 50% of forest is categorized as a forest type, degree of slope is steeper than $8.5^{\circ}$ as mountain type, and a development included in the both categories as combined type. Distribution characteristics of the above three types are analysed by development categories and regions adopting Relative Mountain Development Index(RMDI). In results, 44.94% of total development activities have been carried out in Gyeongsang Do in order of urban development, industrial complex, sports facilities, and soil and stone collection quarrying. Developments less than $0.3km^2$ which are exempt from the feasibility of forest land conversion regulation consist 86 cases of forest type, 78 cases in mountain type, and 78 cases in combined type. SAI by slope range showed the highest value of 1.55 in less than $5^{\circ}$ and the lowest value of 0.69 between $20^{\circ}-25^{\circ}$. RMDI value in Gyeongsang Do where mountain ratio is 67.05% appeared 1.17, which is 5 times more than Gangwon Do where mountain area ratio is 81.30%, and 2 times more than Chungchung Do where mountain area ratio is 51.24%. Development activities in forestland in Korea showed unequal distributions and 26% of those developments were not subjected to the feasibility of forest land conversion regulation.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

This study was performed to figure out the recognition on forest certification by consumption propensity and socio-economic characteristics of wood cabinet consumers. The mean score of recognition on SFM and FSC showed comparatively low, 2.25 and 2.20(5-point likert scale), from the analysis result on 88 valid questionnaires of 90. The respondents rate of eco and non eco-friendly group formed 80.7% and 18.2%, there is a significant gap between two groups on total questionnaires. The percentage of respondents recognizing on SFM and FSC was about 31% (eco-friendly), 5.6%(non eco-friendly, SFM) and 2.8%(non eco-friendly, FSC) within each group. It showed that the socio-economic characteristics on eco-friendly respondents were higher than the others about more 1.3 times in the married rate, average age and monthly householding income.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 2014

To understand transition characteristics from wood to charcoal the dimensional changes of carbonized woods at low temperature from $300^{\circ}C$ to $350^{\circ}C$ at the intervals of $10^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Three species of hardwoods and two species of softwoods were used in this study. Measurements of dimensional changes of cells were observed by stereoscopic microscope and an image analyzer. The apparent volume of each specimen decreased greatly with increasing temperature. Severe cracks and collapse were observed frequently in hardwoods and hardly in softwoods. Vessel diameter and tracheid cell wall thickness of the wood samples were decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. Contraction of vessel diameter in tangential direction was greater than that in radial direction. Cell wall thickness of tracheids decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. Consequently, even though it was small range of carbonization temperature, dimensions of wood components were changed considerably.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2018

Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light which is harmful to life. However, the recent increase of ambient ozone level due to climate change is becoming the cause of stimulating human eyes, affecting respiratory system, and damaging crops. In this paper, a study was conducted at the Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) of Seoul National University with the purpose of analyzing the characteristics of forest air chemistry based on the measurement of BVOCs emitted from forests and investigating the correlation of BVOCs with ozone generation. The results showed that levels of isoprene and MVK (Methyl Vinyl Keton)+MACR (Methacrolein) were high in summer, but level of monoterpene was high in spring. Ozone level was high from the middle of May to the middle of June, which was before the rainy season. Comparison of the correlation between ozone and isoprene during the measurement period at the TRF showing limited NOx showed that the $R^2$ was correlated with a low value of about 0.4. However, when the isoprene was actively produced from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM, correlation analysis showed that $R^2$ was about 0.9, while monoterpene started to increase in the afternoon, and decreased level of ozone at night. Correlation analysis showed negative correlation. Forests have two characteristics: not only the formation of ozone but also the decomposition of ozone.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.330-339
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• 2018

Objectives: The occurrence characteristics of BTEXS and phytoncides were investigated by type of urban forest. Methods: Four types of urban green space (Hongneung Forest, Mt. Chunjang, residential park, and traffic island) and Gwangneung Forest were selected. Monitoring of phytoncides and BTEXS was conducted considering the activity times of urban residents (five times per day) using a Tenax TA tube and suction pump in June 2017 (one day). Results: Phytoncide concentrations were ranked as Gwangneung Forest>Hongneung Forest>Mt. Cheonjang>traffic island>residential park. Relatively high concentrations of phytoncides were also identified in the urban forest. There was no significant difference between Gwangneung Forest and the urban forest. BTEXS concentrations were ranked as traffic island>residential park>Hongneung Forest>Gwangneung Forest>Mt. Cheonjang. Traffic island and residential park showed high levels of BTEXS depending on the inflow of vehicles. The difference in concentration by time was significant for the traffic island in particular. Pollutant levels in Hongneung Forest were as low as in Gwangneung Forest. Conclusion: The concentrations of phytoncides and BTEXS were different by types of urban green space, and the potential for health and hygiene of urban forests were able to be investigated. This study is expected to provide as basic data for the creation of urban forest spaces in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2003

Forest management starts from forest road facility, which is designated as generation source of muddy water in mountain stream during initial stage of establishment. Therefore, this study reviewed the effect of suspended sediment generated in forest road surface on the muddy water in mountain stream with respect to marsh area of forest. As a result, characteristics of outflow of suspended sediment was understood, and it was judged that generation of suspended sediment due to establishment of forest road is diluted by mountain stream this charged from drainage area so as to have small effect on muddy water in total mountain stream.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2021

Phytosociological characteristics on Quercus acutissima forests distribution in Daechong-dam basin survey has been carried out using Z.-M. School's methodology and numerical-classification analyses. A total of 43 phytosociological relevés were sampled. Syntaxa were described as Oplismenus undulatifolius-Quercus acutissima community(typicum subcommunity, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica subcommunity, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica subcommunity), Quercus acutissima community and Quercus variabilis-Quercus acutissima community (typicum subcommunity, Castanea crenata subcommunity). The above three plant communities were classified with species composition reflecting local environmental characteristics of mountain topographies, inclination degrees, and rock exposure rates. Conclusively, those communities were recognized as secondary vegetation affected by high intensity and frequency of human impacts as they inhabited in southward hill lands and low lying grounds in mountains adjacent to human settlements and arable lands. Quercus acutissima community was classified as rural type syntax based on their inlandward distribution and species composition differences from urban forests. Afforest process and natural succession were discussed in relation with habitat environmental elements of Quercus acutissima forest in the survey area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.184-201
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution status and invasional characteristics of the naturalized plants. The vascular plants in these areas were consisted of total 381 taxa: 81 families, 234 genera, 295 species, 2 subspecies, 66 verieties, 18 forms. Among the investigated vascular plants, naturalized plants (Sicyos angulatus, Barbarea vulgaris, Thlaspi arvense, Amorpha fruticosa, Trifolium pratense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus, Rumex acetosella etc.) were 41 taxa. The Naturalization Index (NI) was 10.70% and the Urbanization Index (UI) was 15.30% at Chuncheon city. The Invasion Index was 63.41% at urban river and 97.56% at stream high, 19.51% at urban forest area.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.527-540
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• 2018

In this study, the characteristics of the white charcoal from charcoal kilns made for both charcoal production and thermotherapy and from the traditional charcoal kiln were compared and examined. A charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose was made to minimize environmental problems such as fine dust and harmful gas generated from sealed charcoal kiln in consideration of comfort and safety. White Charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy had higher ash and volatile matter and lower fixed carbon than that from the traditional charcoal kiln. The density of the white charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy was slightly higher than that of the traditional one, but the equilibrium moisture content and pH were not significantly different. The calorific value, refinement degree, hardness and anatomical structure were not different between the two. It was concluded that the white charcoal produced from the advanced charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose meets the quality certification standards of Korea Forest Research Institute.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.14-25
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the forest experience on elementary students' environmental sensitivity and cognition ability. The forest experience was applied to the experimental group and the control group was taught by the traditional teaching method focused on teachers' lecture for 8 lessons. The pre-test, the 1st, and 2nd post-test for environmental sensitivity were applied to both groups to analyze the effects of the forest experience. After then the results were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. And the narration test for cognition ability on learning a environmental context was applied to only the experimental group and the results were analyzed. As a result, the students' environmental sensitivity was not significantly different(p<.05) between experimental and control groups in terms of the pre-test score. However, the 1st and 2nd post-test scores of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group in term of the level of environmental sensitivity(F=9.28, p<.01, F=10.95, p<.01). The results of the forest experience in the aspect of cognition ability, 'the sound of nature(61%)', 'the smiling forest path which blooming out(57%)', and 'one's own places(52%) were high but 'the kinds and characteristics of the roots(30%)' was low. In conclusion, the forest experience made a positive effect on the students' environmental sensitivity and cognition ability through the direct observation, data collection, and analysis on the nearby natural environment.