DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of White Charcoal Produced from the Charcoal Kiln for Thermotherapy

온열욕 겸용 숯가마에서 생산된 백탄의 특성

  • Kwon, Gu Joong (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Ah Ran (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee Soo (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Seung Hwan (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Hidayat, Wahyu (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung) ;
  • Febrianto, Fauzi (Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Kim, Nam Hun (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2018.07.30
  • Accepted : 2018.09.08
  • Published : 2018.09.25

Abstract

In this study, the characteristics of the white charcoal from charcoal kilns made for both charcoal production and thermotherapy and from the traditional charcoal kiln were compared and examined. A charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose was made to minimize environmental problems such as fine dust and harmful gas generated from sealed charcoal kiln in consideration of comfort and safety. White Charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy had higher ash and volatile matter and lower fixed carbon than that from the traditional charcoal kiln. The density of the white charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy was slightly higher than that of the traditional one, but the equilibrium moisture content and pH were not significantly different. The calorific value, refinement degree, hardness and anatomical structure were not different between the two. It was concluded that the white charcoal produced from the advanced charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose meets the quality certification standards of Korea Forest Research Institute.

본 연구에서는 온열욕 겸용을 위해 제작한 숯가마와 전통식 숯가마에서 제조한 백탄의 특성에 대해서 비교, 검토하였다. 온열욕 겸용 숯가마는 밀폐된 숯가마에서 발생하는 미세먼지 및 유해가스와 같은 환경문제를 최소화하고 편안함과 안전성을 고려하여 제작하였다. 온열욕 겸용 숯가마에서 제조한 백탄은 전통식 숯가마의 백탄보다 회분과 휘발분이 다소 높았고 고정탄소가 다소 낮았다. 온열욕 겸용 숯가마에서 생산된 백탄의 밀도는 기존의 전통식 숯가마 백탄보다 약간 높았지만, 평형함수율과 pH는 거의 차이가 없었다. 발열량, 정련도, 경도와 해부학적 구조는 숯가마에 따른 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 온열욕 겸용을 위해 개량된 숯가마에서 제조한 백탄은 국립산림과학원의 품질인증기준을 충족하였고, 온열욕 겸용 숯가마는 목탄제조에도 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Angeles, G. 2001. New techniques for the anatomical study of charcoalified wood. IAWA Journal 22(3): 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000282
  2. Cutter, B.E., Cumbie, B.G., McGinnes, E.A. Jr. 1980. SEM and shrinkage analyses of southern pine wood following pyrolysis. Wood Science and Technology 14: 115-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00584041
  3. Elder, T.J., Murphey, W.K., Blankenhorn, P.R. 1979. A note on the thermally induced changes of intervessel pits in black cherry (Prunus serotina EHRH.). Wood Fiber 11(3): 179-183.
  4. Eom, Y.G., Xu, G.Z. 2010. Wood identification of neolithic charcoal excavated at giheung nongseori ruins. Journal of the Korean Wood Sciences and Technology 38(4): 275-281. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2010.38.4.275
  5. Fuse, T., Taki, M. 1987. Nonthermogenic effect of far-infrared radiation with a wavelength of 100 gm on biological organisms. Sekigaisen Gijutsu 12: 27-34.
  6. Hidayat, W., Qi, Y., Jang, J.H., Febrianto, F., Lee, S.H., Chae, H.M., Kondo, T., Kimn N.H. 2017. Carbonization characteristics of juvenile woods from some tropical trees planted in indonesia. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 62 (1): 145-152.
  7. Honda, K., Inoue, S. 1988. Sleep-enhancing effects of far-infrared radiation in rats. International Journal of Biometeorology 32: 92-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01044900
  8. Hwang, W.J., Kwon, G.J., Lee, S.J., Park, H.S., Kim, N.H. 2002. Anatomical characteristics of charcoals carbonized in a Korean traditional kiln. Journal of the Korean Forest Bioenergy Society 21(1): 49-55.
  9. Jo, T.S., Lee, O.K., Ahn, B.J., Choi, J.W. 2006. Some physical properties and adsorptive behaviors of wood charcoal carbonized with domestic wood. Journal of the Korean Forest Bioenergy Society 25(1): 9-17.
  10. Jo, T.S., Lee, O.K., Choi, J.W., Byun, J.K. 2008. Adsorption of cardmium ion by wood charcoal prepared with red oak(Quercus mongolica). Journal of the Korean Wood Sciences and Technology 36(3): 93-100.
  11. Kim, N.H. 2015. A study on the practical utilization to thermal therapy of charcoal kiln for revitalization of the traditional wood charcoal industry. Korea forest service. pp1-91.
  12. Kim, N.H., Hanna, R.B. 2006. Morphological characteristics of Qurecus variabilis charcoal prepared at different temperatures. Wood Science and Technology 40: 392-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-005-0062-5
  13. Kim, N.H., Hwang, W.J., Kwon, S.M., Kwon, G.J., Lee, S.J. 2006. Anatomy of Quercus variabilis charcoal manufactured at various temperature. Journal of the Korean Wood Sciences and Technology 34(4): 1-8.
  14. Korea Forest Service. 2018. 2016 Wood utilization survey.
  15. Kwon, G.J., Kwon, S.M., Jang, J.H., Hwang, W.J., Kim, N.H. 2011. Charcoal properties and temperature change of a kiln's inner and outer walls in carbonization process using an improved kiln. Journal of the Korean Wood Sciences and Technology 39(3): 230-237. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2011.39.3.230
  16. Kwon, S.M., Jang, J.H., Lee, S.H., Park, S.B., Kim, N.H. 2013. change of heating value, pH and FT-IR spectra of charcoal at different carbonization temperatures. Journal of the Korean Wood Sciences and Technology 41(5): 440-446. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2013.41.5.440
  17. Kwon, S.M., Kim, N.H., Cha, D.S. 2009. An investigation on the transition characteristics of the wood cell walls during carbonization. Wood Science and Technology 43: 487-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-009-0245-6
  18. Kwon, S.M., Kwon, G.J., Jang, J.H., Kim, N.H. 2012. Characteristics of charcoal in different carbonization temperatures. Journal of Forest Science 28(4): 263-267.
  19. Lee, D.Y., Kim, B.R. 2010a. Adsorption characteristics of commercial wood charcoal (I). Journal of the Korean Wood Sciences and Technology 38(1): 27-35. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2010.38.1.27
  20. Lee, D.Y., Kim, B.R. 2010b. Analysis of functional characteristics of the commercial wood charcoal in Korea. Journal of the Korean Wood Sciences and Technology 38(6): 480-489. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2010.38.6.480
  21. Mai, H.N., Sharma, N., Shin, E.J., Nguyen, B.T., Jeong, J.H., Jang, C.H., Cho, E.H., Nah, S.Y., Kim, N.H., Nabeshima, T., Kim, H.C. 2018a. Exposure to far infrared ray protects methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in glutathione peroxidase-1 knockout mice via attenuating mitochondrial burdens and dopamine D1 receptor activation. Neurochemical Research 43: 1118-1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-018-2528-5
  22. Mai, H.N., Sharma, N., Shin, E.J., Nguyen, B.T., Nguyen, P.T., Jeong, J.H., Cho, E.H., Lee, Y.J., Kim, N.H., Jang, C.G., Nabeshima, T., Kim, H.C. 2018b. Exposure to far-infrared ray attenuates methamphetamine-induced impairment in recognition memory through inhibition of protein kinase $C{\delta}$ inmale mice: Comparison with the antipsychotic clozapine. Journal of Neuroscience Research 96: 1294-1310. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24228
  23. McGinnes, E.A., Jr, Kandeel, S.A., Szopa, P.S. 1971. Some structural changes observed in the transformation of wood into charcoal. Wood Fiber 3(2): 77-83
  24. National Institute of Forest Science. 2017. Standard and specification of wood products. Notification No. 2017-9 of the National Institute of Forest Science.
  25. Prior, J., Alvin, K.L. 1983. Structural changes on charring woods of dichrostachys and salix from southern Africa. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin 4(4): 197-206.
  26. Prior, J., Alvin, K.L. 1986. Structural changes on charring woods of dichrostachys and salix from southern Africa: the effect of moisture content. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin 7(3): 243-250.
  27. Prior, J., Gasson, P. 1993. Anatomical changes on charring six African hardwoods. International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal 14(1): 77-86.
  28. Tran T.H., Mai, H.N., Shin, E.J., Nam, Y.S., Nguyen, B.T., Lee, Y.J., Jeong, J. H., Tran H.Y., Cho, E.H., Nah, S.Y., Lei, X.G., Nabeshima, T., Kim, N.H., Kim, H.C. 2016. Repeated exposure to far infrared ray attenuates acute restraint stress in mice via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by induction of glutathione peroxidase-1. Neurochemistry International 94: 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.001