• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1149-1156
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• 2002

The ecological characteristics of Dolbae trees, a valuable genetic resource for native pyrus fruit trees, were investigated at four naturally inhabited areas on Mount Kaya, Gyeongsangnam-Do. Most Dolbae trees were found on the southwest side of an old hiking path to a mountain valley at altitudes of 610∼670 m. The surrounding flora consisted of 46 families, 69 genera, 75 species, and 10 varieties. The natural habitat of the Dolbae trees was basically a deciduous broad-leaved forest with a predominance of Quercus serrata and ligneous plants(xylophytes) from the Fagaceae and Betulaceae families. The habitat was also found to be in a second transition resulting from forest disturbance and exhibited a degree of diversity of 2.901-5.065, based on Shannon-Weiner's index. Examination of the Dolbae trees found in Mount Kaya revealed diameter breast heights(DBHs) ranging from 10 to 60 cm, including six old and large Dolbae trees with a DBH of 50∼60 cm, which will be particularly valuable as a genetic resource. Accordingly, the current results suggest that the study areas are a secondary forest in a typical mid-temperate zone resulting from forest damage about 10 years earlier.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

An invasive disturbance species has caused harm to biodiversity and ecosystem. To address the issue, identifying the characteristics of a habitat for invasive disturbance species is considered for forest management. This study analyzed a status of plant species by field survey based on belt transect method in the capital areas and established a predictive model for invasive disturbance species by logistic regression. As results of the study, the number of herb, vine, and invasive disturbance species and a canopy cover of tree would decrease from the forest edge to core areas (p<0.001). The predictive model was derived with variables of altitude, Topographic Wetness Index, distance to forest edge, and canopy cover of tree. It can be useful in estimating the presence or absence of species and predicting its spatial distribution. Further studies are needed to identify the pathway of introduction, spread, and possibility of germination for understanding the status of invasive disturbance species in more depth.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.172-183
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• 2016

Densification of the inner part of oil palm trunk (OPT) by the close system compression (CSC) method was performed in this study. The effects of the compression temperature and time on the anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of OPT were evaluated. The inner part of OPT with an initial average density of $0.3g/cm^3$ was used as samples. Oven-dried samples were immersed in water and vacuumed until fully saturated and then compressed by CSC at 120, 140, 160 or $180^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20, 30 or 40 min. The anatomical characteristics of transverse and radial sections before and after compression were compared by optical microscopy. The physical and mechanical properties, including the density, recovery of set (RS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compression parallel to grain were examined. It was observed that the anatomical characteristic of the inner part of OPT (i.e., vascular bundles, vessels, and parenchyma tissue) became flattened, fractured, and collapsed after compression by CSC. The RS decreased with increasing compression temperature and time. The lower RS indicated high dimensional stability. The physical and mechanical properties (i.e., density, MOR, MOE, and compressive strength) of the inner part of OPT increased with increasing compression temperature and time. Compression by the CSC method at $160^{\circ}C$ for 40 min was the optimum treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of eco-friendly restoration in forested bog on the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 1,071 individuals, 60 species, 40 families, 13 orders, 6 classes and 5 phyla. At the control and Site 3(small dam), the number of species and individuals were larger than that of other sites, and EPT group ratio was same as well. Considered by index, the dominance index (DI) was found the highest at the biotope area. The diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were the highest at the control and Site 3. In addition, the ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate (ESB) showed the highest at site 3, while the lowest at biotope area. The stability and recovery of benthic macrointebrates showed different according to restoration types at forested bog. After restoration project, the benthic macroinvertebrates were observed to get recovery at Site 3, and to have the highest communities stability at control and Site 3. At biotope areas (Site 4, Site 5 and Site 6) communities stability were the lowest, but showed different community stability values according to the presence of water. It is confirmed that the eco-friendly restoration projects indeed provided the better environment for the inhabitation of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The change of community index depending on the restoration projects suggests that the eco-friendly restoration can provide a more suitable environment for benthic macroinvertebrate ecosystem that prefers the stream environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.186-195
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• 2017

This research aims to study the physiological characteristics of poplar clones in Saemanguem reclaimed land where has lower minerals and bad drainage than those in paddy field. In July and August, different poplar clones including Populus euramericana clone (Venziano and L.Avanzo) and deltoides hybrid clone (97-18 and 97-19) showed different physiological characteristics. Physiological characteristics of P. euramericana clones were better than those of P. deltoides hybrid clones. Especially, the average net photosynthetic rate ($A_{net}$) of clone Venziano were $18.62{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and $17.11{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. Those were the highest numerical values among other poplar clones. On the other, the total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of P. deltoides hybrid clones were higher than those of P. euramericana clones in July. Particularly, the total chlorophyll content of clone 97-18 was $2.37mg{\cdot}g^{-1}FW$. In August, those of P. deltoides hybrid clones decreased than in July. In term of the physiological activity such as net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of P. deltoides hybrid clones were much lower in August than in July. As a result, physiological characteristics of P. euramericana Venziano clone was superior than the other clones in Short rotation coppice (SRC) in Saemanguem area.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.110-130
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• 2004

This study aims to study the definition and characteristics of forest biomass as an alternative energy and to estimate the energy potential and feasibility of forest biomass utilization in domestic. Especially, significant attention is given to woody biomass such as forest residue, thinning log, etc. due to their renewable, sustainable and abundant properties. The results were summarized as follows. The utilization of these forest biomass could play an important role to activate the forest industry and increase the public benefit functions of forest, but more attention on their utilization is required and how they can be utilize more efficiently is the new task assigned to our forestry for sustainable forest management.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1998

This research has been made for influence of forest environmental changes, such as tree-clearcutting affecting to soil chemical and physical properties, on water storage capacity at forest fire land in Keumsan, Chungnam. The analyzed factors were bulk density, porosity, field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity air permeability and organic matter content, Field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability at uncutting sites were higher than those at clearcutting sites, especially the most differences were appeared at lower slope. After 2 years passed since forest fire, the most changeable parts of soil characteristics were 5-l5cm depth below soil surface. Total Porosity, coarse pore and fine pore at uncutting sites were higher than those at clearcutting sites. Also, as soil depth increased, total porosity and coarse pore were decreased. Bulk density at uncutting sites was lower than that at clearcutting sites, and was decreased as soil depth increased. The order of the change trend in field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and porosity was slope lower>middle>upper. Organic matter content at uncutting sites were higher than those at clearcutting sites, and decreased as soil depth increased. As soil depth increased, bulk density had the positive correlation, in other hand, porosity, coarse pore, field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and organic matter content had the negative correlation. It was concluded that forest environmental changes by forest fire degrade soil physical and chemical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2008

The forest soil sediment disasters occurred in Jinbu-myeon Pyeongchang county were investigated characteristics by the aerial photograph analysis. After digitizing from aerial photographs, forest soil sediment disaster sites were classified into 695 collapsed sites, 305 flowed sites and 199 sediment sites. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) were generated from 1 : 5,000 digital topographic map. Factors of geography, hydrology, biology, and geology were analyzed using DEM, geologic map, and forest stand map with aerial photographs by GIS spatial analysis technique. The forest soil sediment disasters were mainly occurred from southeastern slope to southwestern slope. In collapsed sit es, the average slope degree is $28.9^{\circ}$, the average flow length is 163.5m, the average area of drainage basin is 897$m^2$. In case of flowed sites, the average slope degree, flow length, the area of drainage basin and confluence order is $27.0^{\circ}$, 175m, 2,500$m^2$ and 1, respectively. In sediment sites, the average slope, flow length, the area of drainage basin and confluence order is $12.5^{\circ}$, 2,50m, 25,000$m^2$ and 4, respectively. Also the forest soil sediment disasters were occurred most of collapsed sites in the afforest land after felling and igneous rocks composed of granite.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.393-399
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• 2009

The water of rivers and lakes are affecting by point and nonpoint source pollutions. The point source pollution can be controlled by establishing the treatment plants. However, nonpoint source pollution by various human activities is not easy to be controlled because it is difficult to determine the exits of the water flow and have many exit points. Due to contribution of nonpoint source pollution, the achievement ratio of water quality in rivers and lakes is not high. TMDL is the outstanding water quality control policy because all of the pollutant loadings from the watershed area are counting on the input loads. Our aqua-ecosystem has self-purification process by biological, physical and ecological processes. The self-purification process can remove the pollutant load from background concentrations. Usually forest area is main source of background concentrations. In Korea, about 70% of the national boundary area consists of mountains. This study is conducting as part of long-term monitoring to determine the Event Mean Concentration during a storm. The monitoring was performed on a broad-leaved tree area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.4 s.29
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• pp.47-57
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• 2005

The goal of this research is to evaluate landscape-ecological characteristics of watersheds in the Nakdong River Basin by using Geogaphic Information System (GIS) and landscape indices for integation of spatio-temporal informations and multivariate statistical techniques for quantitative analysis of forest landscape. Fragmentation index and change matrix techniques using factor analysis and grid overlay method were used to efficiently analyze and manage huge amount of information for ecological-environmental assessment (land-cover and forest landscape patterns). According to the results based on the pattern analysis of land-cover changes using the change detection matrix between 1980s and 1990s, addition on 750km$^2$ became urbanized areas. The altered 442.04km$^2$ was agricultural areas which is relatively easy for shifting of land-use, and 205.1km$^2$ of forests became urbanized areas, and average elevation and slope of the whole altered areas were 75m and 4$^{\circ}$. On the other hand, 120km$^2$ of urban areas were changed into other areas (i.e., agricultural areas and green space), and fortunately, certain amount of naturalness had been recovered. But still those agricultural areas and fallow areas, which were previously urban areas, had high potential of re-development for urbanization due to their local conditions. According to the structural analysis of forest landscape using the landscape indices, the forest fragmentation of watersheds along the main stream of the Nakdong River was more severe than my other watersheds. Furthermore, the Nakdong-sangju and Nakdong-miryang watersheds had unstable forest structures as well as least amount of forest quantity. Thus, these areas need significant amount of forest through a new forest management policy considering local environmental conditions.