• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.72-80
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary-intake and that of health by mean of questionarie and interview for male and female old persons living in Seoul area. The contents of study included general aspects, physical status and health, nutrient intake, and food intake frequency. The results from the above survey are summarized as follows ; 1. The age group in the range of 60 to 79 years old was 71%, and the average number of family was 4.9. The educational level was 56% of elderly persons were elementary or middle school graduates . 42.8% of elderly persons had an average monthly income of \490,000 to 300,000. 2. The aged average height, weight, and physical index were 164.9cm, 55.8kg and 20.4 in male, 152.7cm, 46.0kg and 20.3 in female which were lower than the Korean average standard. (male; 167.0cm, 61.0kg, female; 156.0cm, 55.0kg) In the degree of health self-consciousness, percentage distribution of poor and very poor was 29% in male, 59% in female. Among the condition of disease, neuralgia was 23.8%, hypertension was 17.2%, diabetes was 5.4%. 3. Average daily calorie intake was $63.9{\sim}70.4%$ for male and $76.4{\sim}83.9%$ for female which were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. Protein intake was $42.9{\sim}57.3g$ (which was $72.8{\sim}82.6%$ RDA) for elderly person, the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were $24.3{\sim}28.2%$($12.9{\sim}16.2g$). Iron, Vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ Niacin intake exceeded the RDA, but the intake of Calcium, Vitamin C were far less than that of RDA. 4. In the correlations between nutritional intakes and environmental factors and health, economic living situations and educational level as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). 5. Food intake frequency of meats, fishes, eggs, for average of $1{\sim}2$ days per week were $44.8{\sim}50.5%$, that of milk and milk products for scarecely week were 42.9.% Correlation of food intake frequency was divided three levels-good, fair, poor. Food intake frequency as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). The results of the survey reveal that many of elderly show evidence of general nutrient intake deficiency, it requires first of all importance of nutrition to improve nutritional level through to promotion of elderly health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.588-596
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• 2010

Most nutrients taken by pregnant women are secreted into their breast milk. Food contains choline together with betaine, and in human body choline is oxidized to betaine which transfer methyl group. The aim of the study was to estimate the concentrations of choline and betaine in breast milk of Korean lactating women and the choline and betaine intakes of their infants. Total choline, free choline and betaine concentrations in breast milk of some lactating women living in Daejon Metropolitan city were analyzed every month by using HPLC-MS and enzymatic method during the first five months. Total choline concentrations of breast milks were 157.64 mg/L (1.52 mmol/L), 157.83 mg/L (1.52 mmol/L), 165.99 mg/L (1.60 mmol/L), 153.67 mg/L (1.48 mmol/L), 145.05 mg/L (1.39 mmol/L) by month after delivery for five months. The concentrations of total choline and free choline in breast milks were not significantly changed for the five months while the betaine concentrations gradually decreased. Daily intake of total choline of the infants appears to be adequate for the infant's requirement according to the US DRI; 124.6 mg/d, 120.9 mg/d, 126.5 mg/d 104.1 mg/d from 2nd to 5th month after birth. Free choline and betaine intakes of the infants were not significantly changed during the four months except showing decrease in betaine intake per kg body weight. Choline intakes of the infants more correlated with choline concentrations of the breast milks (r = 0.982, p = 0.000) than intake amount of the breast milk (r = 0.414, p = 0.028). These results suggest that the choline intake of Korean breast-fed infants appears to be adequate and the intake could be affected by the choline concentration of the breast milk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1649-1657
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body mass index (BMI), dietary intake attitudes, and nutrient intake status according to sugar-containing food intake frequency of 409 college students in Gyeonggi-do. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to sugar-containing food intake frequency: rare intake group (n=113), average intake group (n=195), and frequent intake group (n=101). The average height and weight (P<0.001) of each group were $163.8{\pm}0.11cm$ and $52.9{\pm}8.6kg$, $164.4{\pm}0.1cm$ and $56.2{\pm}6.4kg$, and $167.9{\pm}0.1cm$ and $68.0{\pm}15.7kg$, respectively. The average BMIs of the groups were $19.6{\pm}2.3$, $20.7{\pm}0.8$, and $24.0{\pm}2.7$, respectively (P<0.001). Dietary intake attitude scores of the groups were $30.73{\pm}5.68$, $30.11{\pm}5.51$, and $28.00{\pm}5.31$, respectively (P<0.001). As a result of nutrient intake status, daily averages of energy and carbohydrate intake of the frequent intake group were significantly higher than those of the rare intake group (P<0.05). On the other hand, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin C intakes of the rare intake group were significantly higher than those of the frequent intake group (P<0.05). Using multiple regression analysis, we found that BMI was the most significant variable affecting sugar-containing food intake. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary to improve nutrient intake while considering sugar intake for maintenance of healthy weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1045-1049
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• 1996

Purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between blood pressure(systolic and diastolic) and dietary Na, K intake pattern in the family members of normal and hypertension disease patients, besides patients themselves. Mean values of $systolic(126.6\pm18.0$ vs $119.3\pm17.2mmHg)$ and diastolic $(77.6\pm14.6$ vs $71.6\pm12.5mmHg)$ blood pressure in the family members of hypertension patients were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. Systolic blood pressure in normal subject group was positively correlated with age, body weight, sodium in soybean paste, and was negatively correlated with potassium in hotpepper paste, soybean paste and meats. Systolic blood pressure in the family member of hypertension patient was positively correlated with age, body weight, sodium in soybean Paste, and table salt intake, but urinary potassium excretion was negatively correlated. Diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, body weight, and table salt intake, and was negatively correlated with potassium in hotpepper paste and soybean paste in normal subjects groups. In the family members of hypertension patients group, diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, body weight, and table salt intake, and was negatively correlated with sodium in hotpepper Paste and soybean paste and urinary potassium excretion. In total, tendency of negative correlation between Na intake pattern and systolic blood pressure in normal subjects was much obvious than that in the family members of hypertension patients. Urinary potassium excretion in the family members of hypertension patients was also negatively correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary caffeine supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectomized rats. Twenty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $210\;{\pm}\;5\;g$) were divided into two groups, ovariectomy (OVX) and Sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed control and control supplemented with caffeine diets (caffeine 0.03% diets). All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin) in spine and femur. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The results of this study indicate that body weight gain and food intake were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups regardless of diets. There were no differences weight gain between the control and caffeine groups in both OVX and Sham groups. Within the OVX groups, serum Ca concentration was lower in rats fed caffeine than in rats fed the control diet. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, urinary Ca, and phosphate were not different in each group. Spine BMD, spine BMD/weight, and spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight of ovariectomy groups were significantly lower than Sham groups. Within the OVX group, there were no differences in spine BMD and BMC and femur BMD and BMC. These results indicate that no significant differences in spine and femur BMD were found due to 0.03% caffeine intakes in diet in OVX rats for 6 weeks. No negative effect of caffeine in 0.03% diet on bone mineral density were found in the present study. Further investigation of the relation between caffeine and bone mineral density are warranted. (KoreanJNutr2008; 41(3): 2l6~223)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.714-729
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• 2023

Purpose: Since the coronavirus pandemic, the number of obese people has increased, and accelerated aging has been reported, particularly among young population. Therefore, this study analyzed the dietary habits of university students according to their risk of obesity to provide data for improving their eating habits. Methods: Ninety students at Daegu Catholic University were surveyed for their eating habits and photo-enhanced meal intake. The obesity risk was categorized as normal if the body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF) were normal, at-risk if both indicated overweight or obese, obesity in BMI alone were analyzed as BMI group and those with obesity in percent body fat alone were analyzed as PBF group. Results: There were 23 (25.5%) in the normal group, 10 (11.1%) in the BMI group, 24 (26.7%) in the PBF group and 33 (36.7%) in the at-risk group. The dietary survey showed that the risk groups had lower consumption frequencies of vegetables (p < 0.05) than the normal group, had less sleep time (p < 0.05) and higher frequency of fast food consumption (p < 0.001). The intake of vegetables was significantly higher in the normal group than in the risk group (p < 0.05). In terms of the daily nutrient intake, there was no significant difference in energy intake according to the obesity risk, but the intakes of dietary fiber (p < 0.01), vitamin A (p < 0.01), vitamin C (p < 0.01) were higher in the normal group than in the risk groups. Conclusion: Therefore, it is important to consider the BMI and percent body fat together to diagnose obesity and provide nutrition education and counseling.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2002

Purpose: Malnutrition is a common postoperative complication that occurs after gastric resection. Several causes for malnutrition have been proposed, which include malabsorption and poor oral calorie intake. We performed this study to evaluate whether nutritional counseling would increase oral calorie intake and improve nutritional status in patients who had undergone gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients were randomly selected as the study group from among patients who had undergone gastrectomy for early gastric cancer and gastric polyp between October 1999 and December 2000. Body weight, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and serum transferrin were checked before and after the gastrectomy. Oral calorie intake was evaluated by using a 3-day oral-intake diary, and one nutritionist performed outpatient-based nutritional counseling. Eighteen patients who had undergone gastrectomy for the same disease during the same period were selected as the control group. Results: During an average interval of 14.8 months, the study patients received nutritional counseling an average of 3.4 times at an average interval of 4.4 months. The study group took a mean of $2055.6\pm418.1$ Cal per day and the control group $1792.1\pm421.9$ Cal (P=0.05). Sixty-eight percent (15 patients) of the study group patients reached the daily-required calorie intake. Postoperative bodyweights were $64.0\pm9.9$ kg for the study group and $64.3\pm10.8$ kg for the control group (P>0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed among the other. Sixty-five percent of the patients (26 patients) had a weight loss of less than $10\%$ of the preoperative body weight, and $35\%$ had more than a $10\%$ weight loss, but there was no statistical difference between the calorie intakes of these patients. Conclusions: Nutritional counselling increased the oral calorie intake, but nutritional status was not improved. These results suggest that nutritional derangement after gastrectomy cannot be corrected by adequate oral intake itself.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1634-1640
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• 2004

This study was designed to compare the nutritional intake and iron nutritional status between urban and rural middle school girls. Along with a questionnaire, blood samples were obtained from 311 middle school girls (urban 129 girls, rural 182 girls). Nutrient intakes were measured with a convenient method, and clinical symptoms relating anemia was investigated by 4-point Likert scale. For the nutrient intake, the total energy intake was 1722.2 kcal (82.0% of RDA) for the urban group and 1649.5 kcal (78.6% of RDA) for rural group. The rural group showed significantly lower level than the urban group in all nutrients except fat, carbohydrate and total energy intake. Regarding the food frequency, students from the rural group marked significantly lower intake of milk (p<0.00l), kimchi (p<0.05), fruit (p<0.05), tofu, bean (p<0.00l) than the urban group. For every clinical finding regarding anemia, the rural group marked higher value than the urban group but the difference was not significant. The hemoglobin concentration of urban group was 13.28 g/dL, and rural group showed 12.51 g/dL which was significantly lower than urban group (p<0.00l). The hematocrit rate was 37.82% for the urban group and 38.13% for the rural group and there was no significant difference between two groups. The red blood cell (RBC) count of the rural group was significantly lower than the urban group (p<0.00l). Evaluating with the iron deficiency standard which is less than 12 g/dL, the urban group was 6.2% and the rural group was 34.6% thus the deficiency rate was significantly higher in the rural group. This study showed that nutrient and iron status of the girls of rural group is not as good as the urban group. As middle school girls require high level of iron absorption due to blood loss which occurs during abrupt physical growth and menstruation, dietary counselling is required to enhance the iron status. When iron deficiency is serious, they need to take more positive action such as iron supplement in addition to food-iron fortification.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of pyroligneous liquor on lipid metaboilsm in serum of SPF/VAF Cri/Bgi CD rats. Male CD rats were fed basic diet prepared in our Lab., and PL-0 (control), PL-1, PL-25, PL-50, PL-75 groups were prepared with pyroligneous liquor (35% of Choa Co. Ltd.) of 0%, 1%, 25%, 50% and 75% in purified water per day for 8 weeks. Body weights and food intakes almost did not change in these five groups, and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly decreased (20.5% and 19.5%, respectively) in these PL-25 and PL-50 groups compared with control group. Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were markedly decreased (20.7%, 16.3% and 20.3%, 116.9%, respectively) in these PL-25 and PL-50% groups, but HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased about 36.4% and 25.5% in serum of PL-25 and PL-50 groups compared with control group. Atherogenic indices were also remarkedly decreased (63.0%, and 50%, respectively) in these PL-25 and PL-50 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that long term administration orally of pyroligneous liquor in 25 to 50% may inhibit chronic degenerative disease through improving of lipid metabolism of lower TG & LDL-cholesterol and higher HDL-cholesterol, and lower AJ.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.290-297
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a by-product feed-based silage (BF silage) feeding on behavior patterns of growing Hanwoo steers. A total of 10 Hanwoo steers (11 months old, 302kg of body weight) were assigned to 2 dietary treatments: the control (concentrate mix + free access to rice straw), and the treatment (concentrate mix + free access to BF silage). The behavior patterns were observed for 48 hours. The intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group. Eating time, ruminating time and resting time were not different between the control and treatment. But, the intake time per kg DM was higher for the control than treatment. The number of bolus, total chewing frequency, number of ruminating per bolus and number of bolus per minute were not different between the control and treatment. But the chewing frequency per bolus was higher in the treatment than control (p<0.05), and feed value index was lower in treatment than control (p<0.05). Frequencies of drinking and defecating were not different between the two groups, but the frequency of urinating was higher for the treatment (p<0.05) than control. Eating rate, ruminating efficiency and chewing efficiency were much higher in the treatment group than control (p<0.05). These results indicate that the replacement of conventional rice straws with the BF silage (physically effective NDF, about 25%) did not affect the ruminating behaviors of Hanwoo steers significantly.