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Study on Body Mass Index (BMI), Dietary Intake Attitudes, and Nutrient Intake Status according to Sugar-Containing Food Intake Frequency of College Students in Gyeonggi-do

경기지역 일부 대학생의 가당식품 섭취빈도에 따른 BMI, 식이섭취태도 및 영양소 섭취상태에 관한 연구

  • Ahn, Sun-Choung (Division of Food Science & Culinary Arts, College of Natural Sciences, Shin Han University) ;
  • Kim, Yoon-Sun (Department of Home Economics Education, College of Education, Kangwon National University)
  • 안선정 (신한대학교 자연과학대학 식품조리과학부) ;
  • 김윤선 (강원대학교 사범대학 가정교육과)
  • Received : 2016.07.22
  • Accepted : 2016.09.06
  • Published : 2016.11.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body mass index (BMI), dietary intake attitudes, and nutrient intake status according to sugar-containing food intake frequency of 409 college students in Gyeonggi-do. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to sugar-containing food intake frequency: rare intake group (n=113), average intake group (n=195), and frequent intake group (n=101). The average height and weight (P<0.001) of each group were $163.8{\pm}0.11cm$ and $52.9{\pm}8.6kg$, $164.4{\pm}0.1cm$ and $56.2{\pm}6.4kg$, and $167.9{\pm}0.1cm$ and $68.0{\pm}15.7kg$, respectively. The average BMIs of the groups were $19.6{\pm}2.3$, $20.7{\pm}0.8$, and $24.0{\pm}2.7$, respectively (P<0.001). Dietary intake attitude scores of the groups were $30.73{\pm}5.68$, $30.11{\pm}5.51$, and $28.00{\pm}5.31$, respectively (P<0.001). As a result of nutrient intake status, daily averages of energy and carbohydrate intake of the frequent intake group were significantly higher than those of the rare intake group (P<0.05). On the other hand, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin C intakes of the rare intake group were significantly higher than those of the frequent intake group (P<0.05). Using multiple regression analysis, we found that BMI was the most significant variable affecting sugar-containing food intake. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary to improve nutrient intake while considering sugar intake for maintenance of healthy weight.

본 연구는 경기 일부 지역 대학생 409명을 대상으로 국내 시판되고 있는 가공식품에 함유된 당을 섭취하는 빈도에 따라 나누고 이들의 체질량지수(BMI), 식이섭취태도, 가당식품 구매 시 고려하는 요인, 영양소 섭취상태를 비교해보았다. 또한, 여러 변인들 중 가당식품 선택에 중요한 영향을 미치는 변인을 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 가당식품을 조금 섭취하는 군의 평균 신장과 체중은 각각 $163.8{\pm}0.1cm$$52.9{\pm}8.6kg$이었으며, 보통 섭취군은 $164.4{\pm}0.1cm$$56.2{\pm}6.4kg$, 자주 섭취군은 $167.9{\pm}0.1cm$$68.0{\pm}15.7kg$으로 나타났는데, 체중에서만 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(P<0.001). 평균 BMI는 조금 섭취군이 $19.6{\pm}2.3$, 보통 섭취군이 $20.7{\pm}0.8$, 자주 섭취군이 $24.0{\pm}2.7$로 나타났으며(P<0.001), BMI 분포는 자주 섭취군이 다른 섭취군에 비해 과체중과 비만의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). 식이섭취태도 점수는 가당식품을 자주 섭취할수록 식이섭취태도가 바람직하지 않은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 식이섭취태도 총 10문항 중 '고기, 생선, 달걀, 콩류 및 두부를 끼니마다 먹는다'(P<0.05), '과일이나 과일 주스를 매일 먹는다'(P<0.05)와 '하루 세끼 규칙적으로 식사한다'(P<0.01)가 유의적인 차이를 보이면서 가당식품을 자주 섭취하는 군이 조금 섭취군에 비해 문항 점수가 낮게 나타나 첨가당의 선호와 불규칙적인 식사패턴을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 가당식품을 구매 시 고려하는 요인 중 식품 및 영양표시의 확인 정도는 조금 섭취군이(P<0.001), 식품의 기호도는 자주 섭취군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 가당식품 섭취빈도에 따른 영양소 섭취상태를 알아본 결과 1일 평균 에너지와 탄수화물 섭취 모두 자주 섭취군이 유의적으로 높게 섭취한(P<0.05) 반면에 비타민 $B_1$과 비타민 C의 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 각 변인들 간의 상관관계에서 BMI는 식품 및 영양표시 확인 유무(r=-0.306, P<0.01)와 음의 상관관계를, 식품의 기호도(r=0.180, P<0.01)와는 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 식이섭취태도는 식품 및 영양표시 확인 유무(r=0.157, P<0.01), 식품의 기호도(r=0.104, P<0.05) 및 영양면(r=0.349, P<0.01)과 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 성별, BMI, 식이섭취태도, 식품 및 영양표시 확인 정도, 식품기호도, 가격면 그리고 영양면의 변인들 중 BMI(${\beta}=0.551$, P<0.001)가 가당식품 선택에 가장 중요한 영향을 미치는 변인으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 가당식품을 자주 섭취하는 군은 다른 섭취군에 비해 식이섭취태도 점수와 식품 및 영양표시 확인 정도가 낮지만 BMI와 식품의 기호도 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 BMI는 가당식품 선택 시 가장 중요한 변인으로 자주 섭취군에서 BMI가 높고 과체중과 비만율도 높게 나타난 점으로 미루어보아 당류의 무분별한 과잉섭취를 막기 위해서는 먼저 학생들의 적정 체중을 유지하기 위한 영양소 섭취조절이 시급한 상황이다. 뿐만 아니라 근본적인 영양문제를 해결하기 위한 식사의 규칙성, 다양성, 올바른 간식의 선택 등 구체적으로 제시해주는 효과적인 실천방안이 절실히 요구되는 바이다. 한편 본 연구는 표본의 대상이 경기지역 일부 대학생이기에 연구 결과를 일반화시키는 데 어려움이 있어 가당식품으로 비만이 유발될 수 있다고 설명하기에는 제한점이 있다. 그러나 비만은 매우 복합적인 문제로 당류의 섭취가 계속적으로 증가되는 현 시점에서 본 연구는 비만을 비롯한 다른 질병과의 관련성에 관한 연구 활동에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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