• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of elementary school lunch programs. The subjects of this study consisted of 170 elementary school students(male 51.8% : female 48.2%) in the 5th and 6th grades. The dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by the modified 24-hour recall method. The results are summarized as follows: the average body weight was 41.3$\pm$7.93kg for boys and 40.5$\pm$ 8.35kg for girls. The average height was 149.5$\pm$5.88cm for boys and 146.2$\pm$5.82cm for girls. The total daily energy and nutrient intake was below the RDA's except for the intake of niacin and ascorbic acid. School lunchs provided 31.5% of total energy intake ; 32.5% of carbohydrate intake, 31.9% of protein intake and 33.4% of fat intake. Therefore, school lunchs largely contributed to the nutritional balance of these children. The food habit score was poor for 40.6% of the subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1991

The effect of habitual alcohol consumption on the nutrient intake. body weight and serum values were studied in 194 upper middle class men aged 35-55yr. living in Seoul. Each subject was interviewed to get information of alcohol and nutrients intake. Blood samples were taken. Mean values for each variable were compared by fertile of alcohol intake. The average alcohol consumption of the subject was 32.2g/day. Most of times foods were taken along with drinks. The subjects preferred food items such as meat. fish, nuts. dry fishes when they drink. High alcohol consumers had a significantly higher intake of calorie. protein, fat. Fe, and riboflavin compared to nondrinkers and moderate drinkers. Body weight was significantly higher in high alcohol drinkers followed by moderate and nondrinker groups. They also showed the higher serum values of triglyceride and r-GTP. High alcohol consumption resulted in an increased intakes of most nutrients especially calorie and fat which leads to higher body weight and higher serum concentrations of triglyceride and r-GTP. Therefore it seems that heavy alcohol drinkers are more prone to obesity and related chronic diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2013

A food allergy is an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a given food. In those with food allergies that are thought to cause aggravation of eczema, food avoidance is important. The objective of this study was to research the nutritional status of patients with food allergies. A total of 225 subjects diagnosed with atopic dermatitis underwent a skin prick test as well as measurement of serum immunoglobulin E. Food challenge tests were conducted using seven food items: milk, eggs, wheat, soybeans, beef, pork, and chicken. At post-food challenge visits to the test clinic, participants completed a three-day dietary record, which included two week days and one weekend day, in order to evaluate energy intake and diet quality during the challenge. We analyzed nutrient intake based on differential food allergens. Subjects with a food allergy to milk showed lower intake of Ca, Zn, and vitamin B2, and subjects with a food allergy to egg showed lower intake of vitamin A, B1, B2, niacin, and cholesterol. Subjects with a food allergy to wheat and soybean showed lower intake of Ca, P, Fe, K, Zn, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and niacin; and subjects with a food allergy to beef, pork, and chicken showed lower intake of Fe and higher intake of K, vitamin A, B2. Subjects with atopic dermatitis were lacking in several nutrients, including vitamin A and vitamin C. A greater number of food allergies showed an association with a greater number of nutrient intake deficiencies. Allergen avoidance is the basic treatment for atopic dermatitis. However, when the allergen is food, excessive restriction can lead to nutrition deficiency. Findings of this study suggest the necessity for enhanced nutritional education in order to provide substitute foods for patients with food allergies who practice food restriction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.331-347
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• 1996

This study was aimed at comparing the dietary pattern of middle school girls according to family type. As for subjects, sixty girls of M middle school of Taejon city were chosen as a total. They were devided into two groups consisted of thirty subjects respectively ; those who live in single mother's family(SMF) and both parent's family(BPF). In this study, intakes of food and nutrient and dietary behaviors of each group were investigated through two-day dietary records and questionnaire. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1) Mean daily intake of all nuitrients except calcium were more than RDAs in two groups. However, intake of calcium and rtio of Ca / P were lower than RDAs in two groups. And proportion of less than 2/3 of RDAs of calcium were higher than other nutrients. Intake of iron was more than RDAs, but nutritional status of iron might be poorer considering the food sorce of iron taken by subjects. According to family type, girls of SMF seemed to have more serious to have more serious problem in these nutrients than those of BPF. 2) The average distribution ratios of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack to total calorie intake was 25.2, 31.3, 24.6 and 18.9 in SMF, and 19.7, 33.1, 24.3 and 22.9 in BPF. Thus it proved that lunch contributed more energy intake than any other meal, and that snack was an important means to supply nutrients for girls of two groups. And energy intake through breakfast of SMF was more than BPF. 3) The major dietary problems of two groups were unbalanced diet, missing meal, and overeating. The degree of sharing meal with family was lower in girls of SMF than those of BPF. The degrees of skipping (p<0.05), or irregularity, or preparing meal by girls(P<0.05) in the case of dinner were tended to be more frequent in SMF than BPF. And number of food taken per day was less various in SMF of 15.2 kinds than BPF of 17.1 kinds(P<0.001). As a conclusion, subjects should take more calcium or iron contained food which is well absorved, and eat diverse foods to improve their nutritional status. And it is also necessary that calorie intake through snack should be diminished, and dinner should be eaten regularly and shared with family if possible. In view of family type, girls of SMF proved to have poorer food habit than those of BPF. Thus, these results shows that dietary pattern of girls is different atcording to family type. Therefore, we should carry out nutritional education for girls considering the difference of dietary pattern by family type. In addition, nutritional education for girls of SMF should be regarded more importantly than those of BPF because girls of SMF might have more chance to manage their meal by themselves and also have more dietary problems.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1985

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional and physical status of children, aged 11 and 12 years, living in Haenam Koon (living at home) and in Mokpo City (living in an orphan asylum) located in Chonnam during the period of August 2 nd to 9 th in 1984. The mean values of height, chestgirth, arm circumference and head circumference between both groups of living in the rural area and in the city orphan asylum were not statistically different and similar to Korean Growth Standard. Exceptionally, the values of height and weight of male living at home in the rural area were lower than Korean Growth Standard (p<0.01). The weight of male living in the city orphan asylum was higher han that of male living at home in the rural area (p<0.01), and the skin fold thickness of female living at home was higher than that of male living at home (p <0.01). The physical indices of children living in the city orphan asylum were more or less higher than those of living at home in the rural area, but the relative weight of male was only significant (p<0.05). The animal protein intake was $8.4{\sim}8.6%$ of total food intake of living at home in the rural area and 6.2% in living in the city orphan asylum. The intake of legumes of children living in the city orphan asylum was more two times than that of living at home in the rural area, but overall fruit intake of living at home was more about two times than that of living in the city orphan asylum. The average intake of all nutrients except thiamine and niacin was lower than RDA. Especially the calcium intake of children in both groups was the lowest of all nutrients ($28.9{\sim}40.6%$ of RDA). Children living at home in the rural area had significantly higher intake of fat and ascorbic acid than children living in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.934-941
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of family type on the nutrient intake and nutritional status in elderly women. Blood samples and anthropometric data of elderly women aged from 60 to 78 years were collected in 1996, who visited a health examination center in Seoul to screen their health status. They were divided into two groups by their family type, one was extended family(extended family elderly, n=37) and the other was independently living(independently living, n=29). Nutrients intake was measured by interview using a simplified questionaire. Albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, Ca, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase activity of serum were analyzed. Intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, Fe, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C were not different between the two groups. However, fat and Ca intakes were higher(p<0.05) in extended family elderly than indepen dently living elderly. There are no significant difference in hematocrit value and serum concentrations of Hb, TG, and Ca. Serum Mg and cholesterol levels tended to be higher in extended family elderly. However, serum albumin level was lower(p<0.05) in extended family elderly. These results show that the indepen dently living elderly women had intakes of daily energy, fat and Ca compared to the extended family elderly. Therefore, the nutritional education for the independently living elderly will be focused on the health risk resulted from less intakes of Ca and total energy.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2017

This study examined the characteristics of the foodservice menu items offered at senior welfare centers to provide information on Korean senior menu development. A total of 514 lunch menu items were collected from 27 senior welfare centers in April, July, October and January. The most frequently served staple foods, soups, and side dishes were multi-grain rice, seaweed soup, Bulgogi, Kimchi, and liquid yogurt. The proportions of carbohydrate, protein, and lipids of total energy serving of senior welfare centers were 59.8%: 16.7%: and 22.8%, respectively. The nutrients served at less than 40% of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) and Adequate Intake (AI) of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) were chloride (1.0%), vitamin D (1.3%), biotin (1.7%), magnessium (4.5%), Iodine (7.5%), pantothenic acid (8.0%), vitamin E (12.5%), vitamin $B_6$ (20.0~21.4%), vitamin K (21.1~24.3%), and water (35.7~39.7%). The nutrients served in excess of the daily intake goal and RNI were iron (98.9~127.1%), sodium (104.9%), and copper (1,100.0%).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2000

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of ametropias such as myopia and hyperopia from the community based population study. Another purpose of this study was to determine the association between ametropia and nutrient intake. The study subjects was 492 residents over 20 years of age residing in Kuri City. Ametropia was tested based on re(rector error using auto referactor. Nutrient intake was estimated from the dietary survey using 24 hour recall method. As a result of data analysis, the prevalence of myopia was 57% and that of hyperopia was 11%. Such a high rate of ametropia prevalence may suggest the increasing risk of eye health in a Korean society. Nutrient intake of myopia group was 5∼15% higher than that of normal group in most of the nutrients. Whereas intake of most nutrient except calcium, retinal, fiber for the hyperopia group was lower than that of normal group. The result may suggest that inbalance of nutrient intake has been related with ametropia.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2000

Populations both in the US and worldwide are aging. It is projected that by the year 2030 the population of Americans over 65 will increase to 70 million, more than twice their number in 1998. About one-third of elderly over the age of 65 have debilitating chronic health conditions that greatly impede their activities. Age-associated chronic diseases are believed to be associated with free radicals and the imbalance in antioxidant and oxidative stress contributes to development of several chronic health conditions. Diet and nutrients can have great impact in the health status of elderly. Several factors may contributor to the inadequate consumption of nutrients in elderly, including an inability to chew food adequately, polypharmacy, living along and limited income. Low intake of energy and several micronutrients are common among the elderly. Although overt deficiency of nutrients among the elderly is not common. a recent study showed that while elderly consume more fat, the total energy intake is low among the elderly. Inadequate intake of antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E in elderly may contribute to the development of chronic health problems. Intake of higher than normal RDA levels of vitamin E for long periods of time has been shown to reduce the risk of many degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases(CVD) and cancer, and improve immune response in elderly. High intake of other antioxidants is also associated with reduced risk chronic diseases. Dietary antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables. However, due to variety of factors, the elderly may not be able to receive these and other micronutrients through diet. Therefore, supplemental intake of micronutrients in the form of multi vitamins/minerals and/or specific micronutrients is a more practical approach to the maintenance of health status in the elderly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2011

Nutrients intake status of 73 lactating women, that is 45 breast feeding (BF), 13 formula feeding (FF) and 15 mixed feeding (MF), living in Daejeon was investigated. Self-recorded food intakes for two weekdays and eating behaviors using questionnaires were surveyed from May to August 2008. Subjects aged $29.2{\pm}3.4$ years and their infants aged $8.2{\pm}3.2$ months. Body mass index of the subjects was $21.0{\pm}3.2$. Of the subjects 23.3% were employed. Daily energy intake was $1953{\pm}391$ kcal. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was $0.77{\pm}0.14$ and was higher in FF ($0.86{\pm}0.13$) than in BF ($0.76{\pm}0.11$) and MF ($0.72{\pm}0.18$). Nutrients that over 50% of the subjects took less than estimated average requirement were vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, vitamin C and calcium. And index of nutritional qualities of those 5 nutrients were below one Forty six and sixths percent (46.6%) of the subjects showed GMFVD = 11111 pattern of five food group intakes and 57.5% took meals three times daily, 56.2% skipped often breakfast, and 64.4% dined out two times and more per week. Subjects having lower MAR (< 0.72, n = 24), compared with those having higher MAR (${\geq}$ 0.83, n = 24), showed more skipping daily meals and less frequency of eating-out, and took less legumes, vegetables, fishes, and milk. As the results, intakes of calcium, vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin C were insufficient in lactating women, especially in BF and MF mothers. Meal skipping and low intakes of dairy foods, legumes, vegetables, and fishes might have adverse influences on nutritional status of lactating women. Accordingly, nutrition care program for lactating women should be focused on intake of three meals daily and a variety of food.