• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 1998

Outdoor advertising signs of sity is recorgnized as the most basic element forming street scenes of city as well as establishing the citys identity in firsthand and secondhand. It has just started by commercial measure but recntly, in the rapid economical growth and diversified social structure a grent number of business have been generated so that is brings an absoluce increage of kind and quantity in outdoor advertising signs. Such quantitative increase has caused now envirenmental city problems so a more effective control of outdoor advertising signs and sophisticatided and logical design is needed. Thus, I would like to set up the direction with street scenes of city can be formed through this study. Firstly, understanding the concept, special features, and strong, weark points of street scenes of city and outdoor advertising signs. Secondly, in present sitiation analysis, studing and comparing the chracteristic of our present outdoor advertising regulations with those of Japanese regulations. Thirdly performing the reserch upon now advertising signs can be influentia in city scenes and thereafter, issuing possible problem censequantly, I would like to suggest the direction of control policy of outdoor advertising signs as following (1). Leading differentiation of each reggion for the solution of environmental and scenic problem. (2). Non-realistic advertising regulation are needed to be amended for uping changing outdoor advertising signs. (3). Advertising problems should be settleed through effectiveness of outdoor advertising signs administration. (4). The problem of advertising agenics should be leaded short term and long term plan. (5). Collection of scenic pollution should be operated for building up a scenic and community consciousness. Therefore, with these suggestion of clear direction of polish, the improvement of city scenes and regional differentiation followed by activated local autonomy system can be induced so that a more beautiful city scenes can be achiveved.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.354-368
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the direction of application and quality management plan of science curriculum of elementary and middle school according to the 2009 revised curriculum. In order to do this, nationwide survey was administered. The subject was 126 elementary school teachers and 88 middle school science teachers. It was founded that teachers had negative opinion on the introduction of the grade cluster system. They considered that it was appropriate to link the contents of Science subject with Practical Arts(Technology Home Economics) subject by similar topic. Science classes were implemented without changing the number of class hours in most schools. They recognized the necessity of differentiated instruction in science classes, but they seldom applied the differentiated instruction. And they suggested that the teaching-learning materials, evaluation materials and contents be provided to apply the STEAM. This study designates the following strategic supports for the effective implementation of 2009 revised science curriculum; 1) the science teachers training program to provide useful information for understanding and teaching the 2009 revised science curriculum, 2) the teachers' community in the school, 3) the development and provision of the feasible STEAM plans.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of site-specific variable fertilization following digital fertility map generated from soil analysis on rice growth and yield. The site-specific application of fertilizer was implemented by using rice transplanter equipped with side dressing applicator and global positioning system (GPS). Coefficient of variation (C.V.) of soil nitrogen content was reduced after the experiment, and spatial variation of semivariogram was reduced. Rice growth from tillering to ripening stage, plant height, tiller and panicle number increased at site-specific variable fertilization treatment, and coefficient variation (C.V.) of each growth characteristics was lower than those of conventional fertilization treatment. As a result, fertility in the rice field was more uniform become of site-specific fertilizer application. Head rice yield of site-specific application plot increased by 9% (i.e., to from 450 kg/10a to 492 kg/10a of the control plot) and its CV was significantly reduced to 3.5 compared to 7.8 of the control plot. In addition, there was no significant difference in amylose, protein contents and whiteness of milled rice, but its CV was reduced.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.87-103
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• 2010

In the study, we introduce the trend in domestic and foreign web accessibility, as well as the legal system that ensures web accessibility. Based on Korean Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (KWCAG)1.0, we investigated the web content accessibility of 80 tertiary health-care hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. We evaluated accessibility by combining accessibility-based criteria (ABC) with usability-based criteria (UBC). ABC was limited to an alternative text for Guideline 1, using a small number of frames and keyboard accessibility for Guideline 2. UBC checked the voice service (TTS), resizing text, providing multi-lingual websites, and disclosing web accessibility policy. KADO-WAH2.0 was used for representing the compliance rate. The evaluation result was a considerable improvement from previous results, even though the rate of compliance with web accessibility was generally insufficient. There was a significant difference between those medical centers which did and did not comply with web accessibility. Incidentally, many hospitals were found to have attempted to confront and come to terms with web accessibility. In future, the following factors are advisable for medical centers with publicity or public interest: they must employ active and aggressive promotion of establishment of independent accessibility guidelines to secure web accessibility, they should effect an improvement of the realization of web accessibility, there can be constant education and promotion, and there can be an institutional supplementation, as well as others.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.437-444
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• 2007

This paper experimentally investigates the effects of oxygen-enriched air (OEA) on the running behaviors of an LPG SI engine during both start/warm-up (SW) and hot idling (HI) stages. The experiments were performed on an air-cooled, single-cylinder, 4-stroke, LPG SI engine with an electronic fuel injection system and an electrically-heated oxygen sensor. OEA containing 23% and 25% oxygen (by volume) was supplied for the experiments. The throttle position was fixed at that of idle condition. A fueling strategy was used as following: the fuel injection pulse width (FIPW) in the first cycle of injection was set 5.05 ms, and 2.6 ms in the subsequent cycles till the achieving of closed-loop control. In closed-loop mode, the FIPW was adjusted by the ECU in terms of the oxygen sensor feedback. Instantaneous engine speed, cylinder pressure, engine-out time-resolved HC, CO and NOx emissions and excess air coefficient (EAC) were measured and compared to the intake air baseline (ambient air, 21% oxygen). The results show that during SW stage, with the increase in the oxygen concentration in the intake air, the EAC of the mixture is much closer to the stoichiometric one and more oxygen is made available for oxidation, which results in evidently-improved combustion. The ignition in the first firing cycle starts earlier and peak pressure and maximum heat release rate both notably increase. The maximum engine speed is elevated and HC and CO emissions are reduced considerably. The percent reductions in HC emissions are about 48% and 68% in CO emissions about 52% and 78%; with 23% and 25% OEA, respectively, compared to ambient air. During HI stage, with OEA, the fuel amount per cycle increases due to closed-loop control, the engine speed rises, and speed stability is improved. The HC emissions notably decrease: about 60% and 80% with 23% and 25% OEA, respectively, compared to ambient air. The CO emissions remain at the same low level as with ambient air. During both SW and HI stages, intake air oxygen enrichment causes the delay of spark timing and the increased NOx emissions.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.1 s.30
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• pp.66-79
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• 2006

As constant development of digital broadcasting and data broadcasting system, new technology will be introduced to digital broadcasting and new broadcasting service will be appeared. These services need to be changed and processed to suit each services and the software of the receiver need to be upgraded. Though, generally the digital broadcasting receivers are not getting updated once it's delivered to home for long time and it need to be done by hand or collected each one of them with trouble. Therefore this paper suggests a way to overcome these difficulties via broadcasting stream. This research is to describe how three modules-namely (1) Downloader, downloads new software from data carrousel stream, (2) Update Loader, installs the software received by downloader; and (3) Recoverer, recovers the former version of the software if some serious problem has been occurred during downloading and installing the software. This paper tries to realize the accommodation of terrestrial STB based on the new technique and service following ATSC A-97 agreement.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.378-387
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• 2017

To stabilize the supply of kimchi by extending the storage period of spring kimchi cabbage, this study manufactured kimchi from spring kimchi cabbage under varying storage conditions and periods, and analyzed their quality and sensory characteristics following the maturing period. Trimming loss was lowest in the group of plasma+reverse direction+predrying+HDPE film processing. The salting yield of spring kimchi cabbage stored for 12 weeks was lower than that of spring kimchi cabbage stored for 6 weeks, and the kimchi yield was low in the pre-treatment group of spring kimchi cabbage stored for 12 weeks. The firmness was slightly different according to the storage period from one month of maturation. From the perspective of pH and acidity, the maturation in the reverse direction+pre-drying+HDPE film processing group was slower than that in the normal group (<0.05). In the sensory evaluation, the preference was increased in the low temperature storage processing group as the maturation period was increased (<0.05).

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.56-67
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• 2004

This study analyzes human error of workers performing simple repetitive tasks, and in order to prepare preventative measures, 486 people were used as subjects. The results of the study are like the following. First, the biggest cause of human error showed to be the worker himself in $77.8\%$ of the cases, machinery showed to be the cause in $16.3\%$ of the cases and management showed to be the cause in $6.0\%$ of the cases. The results show that most of the human error occurred due to the worker performing simple repetitive tasks and the human errors showed to be caused more by bad ergonomics and long hours rather than by problems with machinery. In addition, the area with the highest rate of human error showed to be the Human Information Processing System with Task Input Error being the highest with $46.9\%$, followed by Judgement and Memory Error with $36.4\%$ and Recognition Verification Error with $16.7\%$. Although fully automated tasks may reduce the rate of human error we must focus on lowering the rate of problems arising from spontaneous errors caused by workers performing simple repetitive tasks by continuously renewing plans and budgets in order to standardize tasks by incorporating cyclic positioning according to experience and positional exchange and by inspecting the workplace to increase efficiency of the workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.539-550
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• 2014

High resolution satellite images have to be oriented and geometrically processed from GCPs(Ground Control Points) to generate precise DEMs(Digital Elevation Models) and topographic maps. In Korea, thousands of national UCPS(Unified Control Points) are established and distributed all over the country by the Korean NGII(National Geographic Information Institute). For that reason, UCPs can be easily searched and downloaded by the national-control-point-record-issues system. Following the study, we suggested the sky-view and road-view from web-portals for searching and identifying UCPs on the images. To evaluate the usefulness of UCPs in RPCs(rational polynomial coefficients) adjustment of the high resolution satellite images, the one UCP, which of using simple the control point, has been applied to adjust the vendor-provided RPCs of the KOMPSAT-3 images. As a result, the positioning error of corrected RPCs was approximately one pixel and one meter. From this experiment, we conclude that the UCPs will be able to replace the survey GCPs for mapping with the satellite images or aerial images.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.765-772
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• 2011

Knowledge which is represented by formal logic are widely used in many domains such like artificial intelligence, information retrieval, e-commerce and so on. And for medical field, medical documentary records retrieval, information systems in hospitals, medical data sharing, remote treatment and expert systems need knowledge representation technology. To retrieve information intellectually and provide advanced information services, systematically controlled mechanism is needed to represent and share knowledge. Importantly, medical expert's knowledge should be represented in a form that is understandable to computers and also to humans to be applied to the medical information system supporting decision making. And it should have a suitable and efficient structure for its own purposes including reasoning, extendability of knowledge, management of data, accuracy of expressions, diversity, and so on. we call it ontology which can be processed with machines. We can use the ontology to represent traditional medicine knowledge in structured and systematic way with visualization, then also it can also be used education materials. Hence, the authors developed an Shanghanlun ontology by way of showing an example, so that we suggested a methodology for ontology development and also a model to structure the traditional medical knowledge. And this result can be used for student to learn Shanghanlun by graphical representation of it's knowledge. We analyzed the text of Shanghanlun to construct relational database including it's original text, symptoms and herb formulars. And then we classified the terms following some criterion, confirmed the structure of the ontology to describe semantic relations between the terms, especially we developed the ontology considering visual representation. The ontology developed in this study provides database showing fomulas, herbs, symptoms, the name of diseases and the text written in Shanghanlun. It's easy to retrieve contents by their semantic relations so that it is convenient to search knowledge of Shanghanlun and to learn it. It can display the related concepts by searching terms and provides expanded information with a simple click. It has some limitations such as standardization problems, short coverage of pattern(證), and error in chinese characters input. But we believe this research can be used for basic foundation to make traditional medicine more structural and systematic, to develop application softwares, and also to applied it in Shanghanlun educations.