• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2004

This study is focused on the comparison between the internal saturation temperature of the working fluid and the surface temperature of adiabatic zone of two-phase closed thermosyphons with various helical grooves. Distilled water, methanol and ethanol have been used as the working fluid. In the present work, a copper tube of the length of 1200mm and 14.28mm of inside diameter is used as the container of the thermosyphon. Each of the evaporator and the condenser section has a length of 550mm, while the remaining part of the thermosyphon tube is adiabatic section. A experimental study was carried out for analyzing the performances of having 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 helical grooves. A plain thermosyphon having the same inner and outer diameter as the grooved thermosyphons is also tested for the comparison. The results show that the numbers of grooves and the type of working fluids are very important factors for the operation of thermosyphons. A good agreement between the internal saturation temperature of working fluid and the surface temperature of adiabatic zone of two-phase closed thermosyphons with various helical grooves is obtained.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2022

The rheological and penetration characteristics of sodium alginate and xanthan gum aqueous solutions were analyzed for the development of biopolymer-based injection materials. The results of viscosity measurements for the rheological characteristics analysis show that all aqueous biopolymer solutions exhibit a tendency for shear-thinning, i.e., the apparent viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases. In addition, a regression analysis using several models (Power-law, Casson, Sisko, and Cross) was applied to the shear-thinning fluid analysis results, the highest accuracy was determined by applying the power-law model. The micromodel experiment for the penetration characteristics analysis determined that all biopolymer aqueous solutions show higher pore saturation than water, and that pore saturation tends to increase as the flow rate and concentration increases. When comparing the rheological and penetration characteristics of the biopolymer aqueous solution used in this study, the xanthan gum aqueous solution showed a fully developed shear-thinning tendency, unlike the sodium alginate aqueous solution. This tendency is considered to have the advantage of enhancement injectability and pore saturation.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 2차
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• pp.104-112
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• 2010

The thermal influential factor of energy pile system is investigated by considering the seasonal effect, saturation of ground, and fluid velocity based on the finite volume method. Analysis includes the evaluation of thermal resistance and corresponding heat exchange rate for each case. It is shown that the efficiency of heat exchange rate is more pronounced with higher fluid velocity due to the larger number of circulation for a given period. Through the parametric studies, it is also found that the degrees of saturation a little influenced thermal effect during 8 hours of operational scenario.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2004

Polystyrene/layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation. To examine the distribution of the clay in polymer matrix, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. Intercalated nanocomposites were obtained and their rheological properties were investigated. Microcellular nanocomposite foams were produced by using a supercritical fluid. As clay contents increased, the cell size decreased and the cell density increased. It was found that layered silicates could operate as heterogeneous nucleation sites. As the saturation pressure increased and the saturation temperature decreased, the cell size decreased and the cell density increased. Microcellular foams have different morphology depending upon the dispersion state of nanoclays.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.328-337
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• 2009

암석 시료의 전기비저항과 공극수의 전기비저항의 관계를 고찰하기 위한 실험에 있어서 일반적으로 코어의 유효공극 내의 공극수를 포화시키고자 하는 전해질 용액이 완전히 치환하였다고 가정한다. 이 연구에서는 용액의 전기전도 도가 8, 160, 3200, 64000 ${\mu}S$/cm인 4종류의 소금물을 동일한 시멘트 시험편에 각각 4회씩 포화과정을 반복하며 함수율의 변화에 따른 전기비저항을 측정하고, 그 변화로부터 포화과정의 반복에 의해 공극수가 치환되는 정도에 대한 고찰하였다. 용액의 전기전도도를 높여가며 각각 4회씩 반복하고 다시 낮춰가면서 4회씩 포화과정을 반복하였다. 반복 횟수가 많아질수록 용액이 공극수를 더 많이 치환할 것이다. 따라서 용액의 전기전도도를 높여가며 측정한 전기비저항과 낮춰가며 측정한 전기비저항의 기하평균을 용액이 공극수를 완전히 치환하였을 때의 전기비저항으로 간주하고 비교의 기준으로 삼았다. 포화과정을 4회 반복함으로써 공극수가 치환하고자 하는 용액으로 치환되어 이전 공극수의 전기전도도와는 상관없이 암석의 전기비저항을 10% 이내의 편차로 측정할 수 있었다. 반면, 전기전도도가 낮은 용액으로부터 높은 용액으로 순차적으로 포화과정을 1회만 수행했을 경우에는 측정되는 암석의 전기비저항에 있어서 최대 40%의 오차를 보였다. 측정된 시료의 전기비저항과 공극수의 전기비저항의 관계는 변형된 병렬저항모델로 대체적으로 설명되어지나, 이를 일반화하기 위해서는 다양한 공극율을 가지는 암석 시료에 대해 다양한 공극수의 전기비저항에 대한 자료의 축적이 필요하다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2015

매장량의 평가에 직접적인 정보를 제공해주는 저류층 변수들인 공극률과 유체포화율은 물리탐사방법을 통해 직접적으로 획득이 가능한 탄성파 속도나 전기비저항의 물성값을 암석물리모델 구성법에 적용하여 추정이 가능하다. 따라서, 정확한 저류층 변수들의 추정을 위해서는 우선적으로 정확한 속도나 전기비저항과 같은 물성값들의 추정이 필요하다. 이종의 물리탐사자료를 이용한 복합역산은 단일 물리탐사자료를 이용한 역산과 비교시, 역산의 불확실성을 줄일 수 있고, 두 탐사자료의 장점을 함께 이용할 수 있기 때문에 단일물리탐사자료에 비하여 보다 신뢰성있는 물성정보를 추정할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 효율적인 공극률과 유체포화율의 분포를 추정하기 위하여, 탄성파탐사자료와 전자탐사자료의 복합역산을 통해서 지하의 속도 정보와 전기비저항 정보를 획득한 뒤, 이 두 물성을 모두 이용하여 암석물리모델을 구성하는 과정이 포함 된 격자탐색법(grid-search)을 제안하였다. 오일저류층 모델의 합성자료에 적용한 결과, 보다 신뢰성 있는 저류층 변수들을 추정하였으며, 이는 오일저류층의 정확한 매장 위치 추정과, 매장량 계산에 보다 정확한 정보를 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.160-165
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• 1999

Gel 표준 물질의 핵자기 공명적 완화 성질들이 다공성 매체내 유체의 핵자기 공명적 완화 성질들과 잘 부합될 수 있기 때문에, agarose gel은 다공성 매체내 유체의 성질을 측정하기 위한 표준 물질로 사용될 수 있다. 다공성 매체의 세공도(porosity)와 포화도(saturation)를 결정하기 위한 표준물질의 사용을 논의하였고, gel의 핵자기 공명적 성질에 대한 필요조건들도 제시하였다. 2.0 Tesla에서 측정된 agarose gel의 완화시간은 agarose 농도와 상자기성 불순물의 ($CuSO_4$) 농도 함수로 표시하였고, agarose gel 조성과 완화시간 사이의 실험적 결과를 나타내었다. 세공도 분포에 대한 평균값은 17.7%이고, 이 값은 중량 분석법에 의해 계산된 값과 잘 일치한다. 끝으로, agarose gel을 표준 물질로 사용한 비혼화성 2상 유체실험을 수행하였다. 포화 profile들은 균일한 다공성 매체내에서 일차원 치환실험을 했을 때 계산된 결과와 잘 일치하고 있다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2006

A mathematical model is described for the prediction of convective upward transport of an organic solvent driven by evaporation at the surface, which is known as the major transport mechanism in the in-situ photolysis of a soil contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD). A finite-element model was proposed to incorporate the effects of multiphase flow on the distribution of each fluid, gravity as a driving force, and the use of hysteretic models for more accurate description of k-S-p relations. Extensive numerical calculations were performed to study fluid flow through three types of soils under different water table conditions. Predictions of relative permeability-saturation-pressure (k-S-p) relations and fluids distribution for an illustrative soil indicate that hysteresis effects may be quite substantial. This result emphasizes the need to use hysteretic models in performing flow simulations including reversals of flow paths. Results of additional calculations accounting for hysteresis on the one-dimensional unsaturated soil columns show that gravity affects significantly on the flow of each fluid during gravity drainage, solvent injection, and evaporation, especially for highly permeable soils. The rate and duration of solvent injection also have a profound influence on the fluid saturation profile and the amount of evaporated solvent. Key factors influencing water drainage and solvent evaporation in soils also include hydraulic conductivity and water table configuration.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1992

Supercritical fluid technology was applied to the regeneration of industrial catalyst contaminated with toxic materials. The regeneration process of activated loaded with phenol was proposed, then the adsorphon tower was packed with the activated carbon-bed. Phenol diffuses into supercritical carbon dioxide(SCC) through the micro-pore and voldge of the activated carbon. The saturated solubility of phenol in SCC depended on the density of SCC varing with temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the fasile phase equilibrium calculation model of dxpanded liquid One was proposed, and equilibrium solubility of phenol in SCC was calculated using the model theoretically. The regeneration mechanism of activated carbon was analysed by degree of saturation of phenol and diffusion in SCC. The solubility prediction was more satisfactory for the wide range of SCC density than the dense gas model and the desorption of phenol depended on the degree of saturation of phenol in SCC.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.222-227
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• 2002

MR(Magneto-rheological) fluid is smart fluid that can change its characteristics then magnetic fields are applied. Recently, many researches have been performed on this MR fluid for the application in a vareity of areas including automobile shock absorbers. This paper describes the design procedure of a MR damper and the analysis results of its dynamic characteristics. MR fluid in the magnetic field shows initial yield shear stress and increasing resistive viscosity with final saturation thereafter. Herschel-Bulkley model is used to simulate the flow characteristics of MR fluid and magnetic analysis is used to identify the magnetic property of the MR fluid in the orifice of the damper. The dynamic characteristics of the damper was predicted and compared with the experimental results for typical sinusoidal excitations.