• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.557-567
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• 1994

This study was conducted to examine the effect of chronic low dose organic solvent exposures in the industries towards then neurobehavioral functions of workers. Subjective symptoms on neurobehavioral function as well as a visual reaction time test (Flicker test) were administered to 94 exposed and 162 unexposed workers in a oil refinery and some other auto-repair shops. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Symptom complaints were higher and Flicker test values were lower in exposed workers than in unexposed workers. 2. Flicker valus were Inversely correlated with urinary Hippuric acid concentration in exposed workers(r=-0.26, p<0.05). 3. Flicker valus were inversely co..elated with Subjective symptom score(r=-0.15, p<0.05). Low Flicker value were also related with some subjetive symptoms such as 'Dimmed vision', 'Nightmare', 'Weakness on extrimity' in workers as a whole. While symptoms of 'Dimmed vision ', 'Nightmare' only observed among exposed workers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1981

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke and the correlation between change of flicker value and active or passive smoking in poorly ventilated room. Forty five male students were tested by divided into four experimental groups composed of active and passive smokers and three control groups. Each four experimental groups were exposed to smoke for Two hours in enclosed room. Vital capacities, flicker values, blood carboxyhemoglobin levels and carbon monoxide concentration in room air were estimated before, during and after the exposure, and amounts of smoking or smoke exposure during two hours were also noted. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Concentration of carbon monoxide in air and increase of blood carboxyhemoglobin level (% COHb) were positively correlated with smoking amount. 2. Increase of blood carboxyhemoglobin in passive smokeres, in average, were about seventy six percent of that in smokers, as 2.2% vs. 2.9%. 3. Comparison with published data showed that Peterson's equation gave most similar result to this study in estimation of increase of blood carboxyhemoglobin level. 4. During the exposure, flicker values fell steadily in both experimental groups and control groups as time passed. Flicker values were, however, elevated again in experimental groups after exposure, despite the fact that values still fell in control groups. 5. Blood carboxyhemoglobin and flicker value were negatively correlated and this correlationship was stronger in passive smoker than in active smoker. 6. Multiple regression equation between flicker value and exposure time and blood carboxyhemoglobin level was expressed as: Flicker value=41.6-0.2 COHb%-0.9Hour, 7. In general, it is suggested that biological criteria would be more preferrable than chemical criteria in establishment of statutory limitation of smoking in enclosed spaces.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.83-84
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• 2008

Voltage fluctuation, also known as flicker, is a power quality problem caused by nonlinear loads like electric arc furnace. Since it is interpreted as a variation of the supplied electrical energy, it causes the residential customers to feel much annoyed visually through the lamps. Due to the statistical nature of IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) short-term flicker severity index, Pst, it is not feasible to pre-evaluate the flicker level using the transient power system simulators such as Sim Power System in Matlab/Simulink. So this paper presents not only how to design the Matlab/Simulink IEC flickermeter to yield the Pst value, which considering electric distribution environments of South Korea, but also how to mitigate the voltage flicker at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). In order to achieve this, the flicker mitigation efficiencies of various compensating devices, such as Static Var Compensator (SVC), STATCOM will be applied and compared. The simulated result demonstrates which compensating equipment is the most efficient method to mitigate the flicker phenomenon.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권9호
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• pp.1651-1655
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• 2011

The reference impedances which is about 95% supply impedance value of residential consumers' supply impedances was published by IEC in 1980. The reference impedances are the standard values for use in determining the voltage disturbance characteristics of electrical equipment like the flicker. In IEC 60725, the reference impedances for premises having service current capacities less than 100A per phase and for service current capacities more than 100A per phase are recommended. And these reference impedances are targeted for the countries using 50Hz power frequency. Because of the frequency difference, the reactance values of the reference impedances will be increased in 60Hz power system like Korea, And also the reference impedances are different significantly each other according to declared voltage variation, power consumption and service wire length etc. Therefore It is needed to calculate the reference impedances suitable for domestic low-voltage power system. In this paper, the reference impedances for service current capacities less than 100A in 220/380V, 60Hz single-phase two wire and three-phase four wire low-voltage system are calculated, And the equations for service current capacities more than 100A to calculate the modulus value of maximum supply impedances are suggested base on IEC 60725 and the reference impedances for those are calculated on service current of 100A per phase.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2010

자동노출제어는 카메라에서 연속적을 입력되는 영상의 밝기를 유지하기 위하여 적절한 센서이득 혹은 노출 결정하는 것을 이야기 한다. 최근 노출제어는 영상의 정보 보다는 하드웨어적 장치를 적용하나, 모바일 폰 카메라에서 영상의 평균 밝기와 센서이득 혹은 노출 만을 이용한다. 또한 모바일 장치의 하드웨적 성능고려하여야 하며, 부적절한 제어로 발생하는 flicker 현상을 제거하여야 한다. 따라서 제안된 자동노출제어는 flicker 현상의 제거 및 실시간 수행을 위하여 입 출력 특성곡선에 기초한 Look Up Table(LUT)을 사용한다. 제안된 방법에서는 선행 작업으로 카메라의 센서이득에 따른 입력과 출력 특성을 LUT로 만들어 저장한다. 노출제어에 있어서 먼저 저장된 LUT의 정보와 현재의 센서이득을 통하여 현재 입력 영상에 상응하는 패치를 추정한다. 그리고 추정된 패치와 LUT의 정보를 또다시 이용하여 추정된 패치가 목표 밝기를 가질 수 있도록 하는 최종적인 센서이득을 추정할 수 있게 된다. 제안된 방법은 LUT를 사용함으로써 다음 프레임의 센서이득을 실시간으로 추정 할 수 있고, 또한 반복적 수행 없이 정확한 센서이득을 추정함으로써 flicker를 제거 할 수 있다. 실험 결과영상에서 제안된 방법이 실시간으로 자동노출제어를 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3146-3151
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• 2012

LED가 의료장비용 LCD 패널의 광원으로 사용되는 경우, 밝기, 휘도 균일성, 고출력, 백색의 조절 능력, 온도 등을 고려한 우수한 광학 기구의 설계 및 제작이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 휘도 및 균일도, dimming 범위의 증대, 잡음 발생 억제 등에서 측면발광 방식의 45인치 의료기기 등의 LED 후면광 시스템 및 구동회로를 설계하고 그 시제품을 제작하였다. 시제품의 휘도, dimming 범위, flicker 잡음, black level, 온도 특성 등을 측정한 결과, 휘도의 범위는 3,000 ~ 25,000[$cd/m^2$], 색 좌표는 x 좌표 0.3144, y좌표 0.3076의 평균값을 보였으며, 온도 특성은 휘도가 20,000[$cd/m^2$]이상의 제어에서 냉각 시스템이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, dimming의 범위는 27.0[$cd/m^2$] ~515[$cd/m^2$], flicker noise는 80kHz에서 발생하지 않았고, black level 0.7[$cd/m^2$]~0.1 [$cd/m^2$]를 얻어 의료기기 등의 LCD 패널에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2016

본 논문의 목적은 운용자가 2D와 3D 영상을 주시할 경우 영상피로를 정량적으로 비교하는 것이다. 16명의 20대 남 여가 2D와 3D 영상을 10분간 관람을 한 후, 관람 전과 후의 Flicker Fusion Frequency(FFF)와 Cyversickness가 측정되었다. 관람 전과 후의 두 종속변수를 비교함으로써 정량적으로 3D가 2D에 비해 어느 정도 영상피로를 발생시키는지를 이론적 고찰과 함께 과학적인 기기와 방법으로 측정하였다. 주관적인 척도인 Cybersickness 증가율은 2D에 비해서 3D가 4배, FFF 감소율은 3D가 2D에 비해 2배 높은 결과를 보였다. 본 연구는 일반적으로 3D 영상이 2D 영상에 비해 영상피로를 크게 유발함을 과학적인 방법과 객관적인 데이터로 증명했다는데 의의가 있다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2014

This paper is to improve the problem of the LED dimming control system using the conventional PWM and DAC method. The conventional PWM method controls the average current to switch dimming signal. This method generates the flicker when controlling at a low current. In order to solve the problem, this system prevents the flicker with the DAC method. The LED is lit at micro-current flowing in the LED. And offset voltage is generated in the output of the DAC when the DAC output is very low voltage as 0V. This was resolved by the voltage drop of the output voltage to construct a negative offset circuit. In addition, the LED current can't flow as set values because of overheating of FET. In order to solve the problem, the 16 bits ADC in the microprocessor is a more accurate current control receives the LED current in comparison with the set value. Therefore, the LED dimming control system proposed in this paper showed the accurate and reliable more than conventional systems.

• 전기의세계
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1976

The characteristic of flashover electric discharge has been brought to light in this paper for the situation in which the space and creeping gaps are laid out in series. The result of this study has disclosed the facts that the over all flashover characteristics have three kind of features such as unilateral increase after increase, and increase after decrease in compliance with varied layout method and relative magnitude of gap length, and accordingly there exist a ratio among the magnitudes of gap length and a proper layort method through which the over all flashover voltage reaches the highest. Also involved with this study is the theoretic analysis of flashover characteristics even in the case of creeping electric discharge from hand tip of the gauge, where the over all value of flashover voltage can be estimated from the peculiar value of flashover voltage and flicker voltage for the space and creeping gap within the extent of 5% error.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.999-1002
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 동작 검출 기법을 소형 화상 카메라에 적용하여 감시 영상을 실시간으로 검출하는 감시시스템을 구현하였다. 기존에 사용되던 차 영상의 화소 값을 이용한 동작 검출 기법은 배경 영상을 저장할 메모리가 필요하고 화소 단위의 데이터 처리로 인하여 수행 시간의 증가와 노이즈에 민감한 단점을 감수해야만 한다. 이러한 단점을 해결하고 노이즈에 강인한 성질을 갖게 하기 위해서 블록 단위로 특징값을 추출하여 비교하는 기법을 제안하였다. 블록별로 특징값을 얻는 경우 기준 영상의 블록 단위의 특징 값과 현재 영상의 블록 특징 값만을 비교하기 때문에 프레임 메모리가 필요없고 단지 기준 영상의 블록 특징 값만을 저장하면 된다. 또한 블록 단위로 특징 값을 구하는 과정에서 화소 값을 이용한 동작 검출 보다 노이즈에 대한 영향을 감소시키고 카메라의 흔들림 등에 덜 민감한 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.