• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2011

각종 업무처리시스템이 웹기반으로 구현되는 것이 보편화됨에 따라 전자소송분야에서도 이에 대한 적용이 활발하다. 소송기록을 중심으로 하는 전자소송에서는 웹상에서 전자문서를 안전하게 유통 활용하기 위해서 기록으로서의 원본성, 사건으로서의 특수성 및 위변조 방지 등의 보안성을 고려하여 전자문서 구조가 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문은 소송기록으로 적합한 전자문서 포맷과 특수한 사건정보를 관리하기 위한 XMP 및 전자문서 유통을 위한 보안요소의 연구를 통하여 헌법재판분야의 전자소송 구현시 적합한 전자문서 구조를 설계하고, 적용된 결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 웹상에서 전자문서 교환을 통해서 업무처리를 구현하고자 하는 경우에 유용한 참고 자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.426-433
• /
• 2021

최근 들어 공공부문 정보화에 대한 투자가 기존보다 증가하는 추세이다. 초고속 인터넷과 스마트폰 보급이 일반화되었으며 그에 따라 공공부문 대국민에게 제공하는 정보시스템의 안정성은 무엇보다 중요한 관리요소가 되었다. 즉, 공공기관의 민원 처리와 증명서 발급, 은행의 금융 거래, 통관 업무, 개인 또는 기관의 전자상거래 등과 같은 업무가 대부분 온라인 처리로 이루어지고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 중요 민원 업무를 담당하고 있는 정보시스템에서 발생되는 장애를 어떻게 처리하느냐가 매우 중요한 쟁점으로 대두되고 있다. 즉, 짧은 시간이라도 정상적으로 동작하지 않는 장애의 경우 민원에게 재정상 큰 손해를 유발 등과 더불어 해당 업무처리 지연 시 다양한 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이는 공공기관 신뢰도 하락과 민원 제기 등의 여러 가지 피해를 동반할 수 있다. 정보시스템 장애가 발생하는 이유들은 매우 다양하고 현실적으로 발생 시기를 예측하기 힘들다. 본 논문에서는 장애에 대응하는 여러 가지 방안 중에서 민원인 입장에서 홈페이지 장애 발생 시 민원인이 장애로 인한 혼란을 최소화할 수 있는 장애상황공지 시스템 구축방안을 제안하였다. 제안한 장애상황공지 시스템을 공공 IDC환경에 구축하여 활용 가능성을 보였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.229-244
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to determine proper fan and heater management schemes for natural air drying of rough rice in round steel bin with stirring device under Korean weather conditions. A computer simulation model was developed to predict moisture content changes, energy requirements, and drymatter losses during drying of rough rice by natural air. Drying test was conducted to validate the simulation model using round steel bin of holding capacity of 300ton at Rice Processing Complex in Jincheon. The bin was filled with rough rice every day and mixing by stirring device. Moisture contents, ambient air temperatures, relative humidities, static pressures in plenum chamber in the bin, airflow rates, and electrical and fuel energy were measured. Relative errors of moisture content changes predicted by the simulation model were below 5ft, and relative errors of final moisture content, final grain weight, required energy ranged from 0.9% to 6%. These not levels indicated that the simulation model can satisfactorily predict the performance factors of natural air drying system such as drying rates and energr consumptions comparing error level of 10% to 15% in other drying simulation models generally used in dryer desists. Twelve different fan and heater management schemes were evaluated using the computer simulation model based on three hourly weather data from Suweon for the period of 1952-1994. The best management schemes were selected comparing the drymatter losses, required drying times, required energy consumptions. Operating fan without heating only when ambient relative humidity was below 85% or 90% appeared to be the most effective method of In operation in favorable drying weather. Under adverse drying climates or to reduce required drying time, operating fan continuously, and heating air with $1.5^{\circ}C$ temperature rise only when ambient relative humidity was over 85% appeared to be the most suitable method.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
• /
• pp.83-83
• /
• 2003

돼지 난자의 유리화 동결 처리 방법 중 난자를 담는 용기(loading vessel)의 재료로 최근에 알려진 것으로 open-pulled straws(OPS)[Vajta등, Mol Reprod Dev, 51:53-58, (1998)], electron microscope grids(EMG) [Martino등,Biol Reprod, 54:1059-1069, (1996)〕, nylon loop system(NLS) [Lane등, Fertil Steril,72: 1073-1078, (1999)] 등이 보고되고 있다. OPS는 1/4cc straws를 열을 가하여 길게 뽑아 내벽을 얇게 함으로써 filing된 난자나 수정란이 액체 질소와 접촉했을 때 유리화가 신속하게 되도록 하는 방법으로 돼지에서는 별로 보고된 것이 없다. EMG는 열전도가 예민한 전자현미경용 copper grid를 이용한 방법으로 최근 국내 기술진의 연구성적을 포함한 몇몇 학자들에 의하여 보고되었고 NLS는 0.5mm직경의 nylon loop를 이용하여 급속 동결한 성적이 보고되었으나, 돼지 난자에 응용 된 것은 없다. 따라서 이와 같은 동결 재료는 사람과 반추류, mouse외에 돼지 난자에 대하여는 전혀 시도되지 않았지만 유리화 동결기술에서 가장 중요한 실험으로 생각된다. 성공적인 유리화 동결을 위해서는 수정란이 냉각의 전도성이 빠르고, 작은 용액을 수정란과 같이 filling해야 하며 모든 동작이 신속 간편해야 하며 융해 방법도 초급속도의 융해가 요구되므로 이에 부합되어야 한다. 연구 목적은 돼지 난자를 유리화 동결/융해 시 동결 재료-straw/glass, copper grid, nylon 3가지에 대한 제작 방법, 난자 loading, 동결 처리, 보관 방법, 융해 방법 등을 난자의 회수, 수정 후 생존율을 비교 조사하여 가장 우수한 방법을 선택할 목적이었다. 수행 내용은 3가지의 재료의 sample을 제작하고 소독한 다음 준비된 돼지 COCs을 40시간동안 IVM한 후 난자를 5~l5개 정도로 선정 하여 준비된 VS 용액에 평형처리 하였다. 각 재료의 용기에 loading 한 후 동결/보관하였고, 융해는 역순으로 평형하여 maturation 배지에 3~4시간 배양한 다음 경검하고 IVF한 후 NCSU-23 배지에 담아 IVC 배양하면서 cell cleavage상태를 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the sealing ability of various retrograde filling materials by using bacterial penetration and dye penetration test. One hundred and forty extracted human teeth with single, straight canals and mature apiece were collected and used for this study. All canals were instrumented using an engine driven Ni-Ti file (ProFile). After removing 3mm from the apex of tooth, a standardized 3mm root end cavity was prepared using an ultrasonic instrument. The 70 teeth were randomly divided into 7 groups : 6 groups for retrograde filling using Super-EBA, ZOE, Chelon-Silver, IRM, ZPC and amalgam. The 7th group was used as a negative control. Nail varnish was applied to all external root surfaces to the level of the reseated root ends to prevent lateral microleakages. The specimens were then sterilized in an ethylene oxide sterilizer for 24 hours. 2 mm of the reseated root was immersed in a culture chamber containing a Tripticase Soy Broth with a phenol red indicator. The coronal access of each specimen was inoculated every 72 hours with suspension of Proteus vulgaris. The culture media were observed every 24hours for color change indicating bacterial contamination. The specimens were observed for 4weeks. The remaining 70 teeth were submitted to a dye penetration test. The canals of all teeth were first sealed with AH26 and obturated using an Obtura II system. Root resection, root end preparation and retrograde filling was performed as above. All specimens were suspended in 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours before being ion gitudinally split. The degree of dye penetration was then measured using a stereomicroscope at 10 magnification and evaluated. The results were as floows : 1. In the bacterial penetration, the degree of leakage was the lowest in the Super-EBA, followed by, in ascending order, ZOE, Chelon-Silver IRM and ZPC. The amalgam showed highest bacterial leakage of all(p<0.01). 2. In the dye penetration, the degree of microleakage was the lowest in the Chelon-Silver and Super-EBA, followed by, in ascending order, IRM, ZPC. The ZOE and amalgam showed the highest microleakage of all (p<0.05). These results suggested that the eugenol based cement, Super-EBA, have excellent sealing ability as a retrograde filling material.

• 기록학연구
• /
• 제6호
• /
• pp.121-160
• /
• 2002

This paper reports the project of arranging archives of Administrative Headquarters of the Jogye Order. It illustrates the whole process of preliminary survey, arrangement, appraisal and description of the archives. One of the distinctive features of the project lies in its focus on practical considerations. In other words, it has avoided blindly following theoretical recommendations made by previous efforts. First step of the project has been to review the current state of the archives through preliminary survey as well as analysis of related regulations. Second step has followed to establish actual process of classifying, appraising, describing, filing and designing storage facility management as well as a computerized archival management system. In this process, every concern has been given to prevent records and archives from physical damage and to ensure their intellectual order kept so that archival information could be re-constructed and usability and efficiency of the records could be secured. Major contributions made by the project can be found in that it has reviewed the volume of administrative archives created and held by Jogye Order and improved the overall efficiency of as well as information sharing among personnel at the Headquarter. The most notable accomplishment could be, however, found in that the project has helped the personnel to rediscover their own history from their records, rather than from their memory. From the theoretical perspective of archival science, the meaning of the project can also be found in that it has provided with the starting point toward establishing organizing methodology for organizational archives including religious archives. Arranging archives of an organization requires archivists to respect theories and principles, but at the same time, adequate attention should be paid to reflect idiosyncratic characteristics of the organization. General methods applicable to a wider range of archives could be derived from the very endeavor. Though impossible in a short period of time, it could be accomplished by accumulating theoretical and practical knowledge and experience.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.169-184
• /
• 2012

All firms require new stimulus to spurt growth. Therefore it is necessary to successfully develop new products and to employ appropriate marketing practices for the new products to enter and settle in the market. Binggrae, a Korean company that specializes in dairy and processed dairy products, introduced a ready-to-drink (RTD) coffee product, 'a Café la' to expand its business into the coffee market in 2008. Binggrae was a latecomer in the RTD coffee market but a Café la has shown an impressive average sales growth rate of 115% as of 2011 since the launch. Moreover, it is a steady bestselling coffee brand among the Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)bottle category. Binggrae found potential and opportunity in the growing coffee market and made efforts to develop a new product that can be differentiated from the existing products. The result was PET bottle coffee, which was more portable and convenient to drink than coffee products offered in cups or cans. PET bottle coffee is produced through the patented Aseptic Filing System, thus the original coffee flavor stays fresh when combined with milk and has a longer shelf life than coffee products in cups. Moreover, as the taste of coffee consumers has become more sophisticated, Binggrae developed a premium product by differentiating the product processing method and by using higher-quality Arabica beans. After launching the new product, the company also employed a well-designed communication strategy. First, Binggrae was able to confirm the level of market demand and market potential for the product by employing BTL (Below the Line) marketing strategies through the consumers' word-of-mouth. Afterwards, the company invested its resources for a full-scale ATL (Above the Line) marketing campaign. Later a Café la's TV commercial effectively portrayed the product's characteristics, and succeeded in raising consumer awareness of the product. As a result, a Café la has become the bestselling brand in the PET bottle coffee market. The successful new product marketing strategy of Binggrae'sa Café la offers many valuable implications for companies planning to launch new products in the future.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.495-508
• /
• 2017

오늘날 MMS (Mobile Mapping System)는 지형공간 데이터 수집의 효율성을 높이기 위해 다양한 플랫폼에서 개별 센서 기술들의 강점을 이용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내외 모바일 매핑 시장 규모와 기술 동향을 분석하였고, MMS 관련 특허의 빈도, 추이, 특성 등을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 국내외 모바일 매핑 시장의 향후 지속적인 성장이 예측되며, MMS 관련 기술과 활용이 급속도로 발전하고 있어, 기술 개발과 특허 경쟁을 통한 미래 시장을 선점하기 위해 적극적인 연구 및 개발 투자가 요구된다. 둘째, 국내 특허의 출원 빈도는 국가R&D의 결과와 상관성이 많으며, 산업체 특허 출원은 국가 용역과 연관성이 많았다. 시장 개척보다는 관련 산업에서의 선점을 위한 기업들의 선제적 기술 도입과 연구개발 결과로 사료된다. 그리고 마지막으로, 우리나라의 공간정보산업 조사시 외국 기관의 자료와 비교할 수 있도록 정비가 요구되며, 특히 공간정보 활용도 측면과 기술적 측면에서의 시장 규모를 파악할 수 있는 통계자료가 절실히 요구된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.271-321
• /
• 2002

Every year, many million of business transactions take place. Ocassionally, disagreements develop over these business transactions. Many of these disputes are resolved by mediation, arbitration and out-of-court settlement options. The American Arbitration Association(AAA) helps resolve a wide range of disputes through mediation, arbitration, elections and other out-of-court settlement procedures. The AAA offers a broad range of dispute resolution services to business executives, attorneys, individuals, trade associations, unions, management, consumers, families, communities, and all level of governments. The 198,491 cases composed of the 194,303 arbitration cases and the 4,188 mediation cases, were filed with the AAA in 2000. These case filings represent a full range of matters, including commercial finance, construction, labor and employment, environmental, health care, insurance, real state, securities, and technology disputes. The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB) does more than render arbitration services. It helps facilitate settlements and guarantee implementation thereof between trading partners at home and abroad involving disputes related to such areas as the sale of commodities, construction, joint venture agreements, technical assistance, agency agreements, and maritime transport. The 643 cases composed of the the 197 arbitration cases and the 446 mediation cases, were filed with the KCAB in 2001. There are some differences between the AAA and the KCAB regarding the number and the area of mediation and arbitration case filings, the breath of service offerings, the scope of alternative dispute resolution, and the education and training. In order to apply to the proceedings of the commercial mediation and arbitration, the AAA has the Commercial Mediation Rules, the Commercial Arbitration Rules, the Expedited Procedures, the Optional Procedures for Large, Complex Commerical Dispute, and the Optional Rules for Emergency Measures of Protection as amended and effective on September 1, 2000. In order to apply to the proceedings of commercial arbitration, the KCAB has the Arbitration Rules as amended by the Supreme Court on April 27, 2000, which have been changed to incorporate the revisions of the Arbitration Act that went into effect on December 31, 1999. There are some differences between the AAA's commercial Arbitration Rules and the KCAB's Arbitration Rules regarding the clauses of jurisdiction and administrative conference, number of arbitrators, communication with arbitrator, vacancies, preliminary hearing, exchange of information, oaths, evidence by affidavit and posthearing filing of documents or others, interim measures, serving of notice, form of award, scope of award, delivery of award to parties, modification of award, release of liability, administrative fees, neutral arbitrator's compensation, and expedited procedures. In conclusion, for the vitalization of KCAB and its ADR system, the following measures should be taken : the effective case management, the development of on0-line ADR, the establishment of ADR system of electronic commerce disputes, and the variety of dispute resolution rules in each expert field.

• 교육시설
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1994

This study was taken to increase efficiency in reviewing documents of school facilities from the network of ERIV(Educational Resources and Information Center, USA). Outline of the ERIC network, and the structure, role, function of the ERIC thesaurus are introduced. A thesaurus have developed for information retrieval purpose provides the filing labels which permit information to be stored by one person and retrieved by another. As an information system grows, its thesaurus is systematically built and refined to the point where it represents, in a very special sense, the vocabulary of subject field. The Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors represents such a vocabulary for the field education. An understanding of its origins, its function and its limitations, is just as important to the teacher, the student of education or the educational researcher as it is for the indexer or custodian of the information pool it represents. If the Thesaurus is understood and used in an appropriate way, it can give all educators not only insight into the ERIC system but also an increased awareness of the language of their field. A great many terms are necessary to describe the many aspects of education, and the task of relating them in even an approximately consistent way is an enormous one. The undertaking should be managed by people who not only know what they are talking about but who also should be able to predict what people in their field are lilely to be talking about in the near future. It should also enlist people who are willing to pay term to another within the system. To engage a large number of these two kinds of people over a long period of time is very likely to cost a great deal of money. There is very little proprietary value in producing such a list of terms, for it can very easily be copied, adapted, updated, etc. Thus, because of its high cost and low proprietary value, it becomes a task likely to be funded only by a government. A government has many ways of spending its money. However, after the decision has been made to spend money to produce an authority list, one must decide how this authority is to be delegated. The history of the development of the ERIC Thesaurus is the history of how this authority was delegated. Scientific research has thrived on efforts to define terms as precisely as possible. It is difficult to say with certainty, however, that solutions to social problems have thrived on a simple diet of scientific research. Contemporary crises demand new and imaginative ways of conceiving problems and talking about them. If this Thesaurus or any other scheme for normalizing or controlling language inhibits in the slightest measure the creative use of language, it is against it use. Only if the principles and details of the Thesaurus are misunderstood can it be used as a constraint on language in a negative sense. Students of education of every kind should see the The-saurus as an opportunity to become increasingly self-conscious about their language and thus about their assumptions and their approaches to educational problems.