• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the growth and physiological characteristics of Asplenium scolopendrium native fern as affected by irrigation times and soil media as an environment modeled on habitate where was sunken-condition. 1. Light intensity was lower in sunken than in non-sunken, but air humidity was higher in sunken about $2040\%$. Soil moisture content was higher with the leaf mold in sunken irrigating 2 times/week. The results of chemical analysis of medium showed that EC, pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, CEC, Exch-Ca, Exch-Mg and Exch-K were higher with leaf mold than sud: leafmold and field soil: sud: leaf mold. 2. In the case of irrigation 2 times/week Asplenium scolopendrium grew well sunken more than non-sunken. As non-sunken condition similar with, 7 times/week irrigation, plant height, frond width, frond length and stipe length increased. In case of soil media, growth of Asplenium scolopendrium was better with leaf mold than that of sand: leafmold or field soil: sand: leaf mold. 3. In the case of irrigation 2 times/week photosynthetic rate, $CO_2$ absorption rate and water efficiency were higher with non-sunken than that of sunken, expect of stomatal conduction, $CO_2$ use efficiency. The physiological characteristics of Asplenium scolopendrium were highest in non-sunken irrigating 7 times/week In case of soil media, physiological activity was higher with leaf mold than sand: leafmold or field soil: sand: leaf mold.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2006

본 실험은 꼬리고사리과에 속하는 3종의 양치식물들(꼬리고사리, 거미고사리 및 변산일엽)에서 배지의 조성물질과 물리적 조건 및 생장조절물질이 전엽체 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 3종 모두에서 전엽체 배양에 적합한 배지는 MS배지로 확인되었다. 배지 내 $NH_4^+:NO_3^-$의 적정 농도비율은 꼬리고사리와 변산일엽의 경우 20:40mM(1:2 비율) 이었으며, 거미고사리는 30:30mM(1:1 비율) 이었다. 전엽체 생장에 적합한 당 농도는 $1{\sim}2%$였으며, pH는 $3.8{\sim}5.8$이었다. 배지에 첨가된 agar 농도는 전엽체 생장에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 6종의 생장조절물질(NAA, IA4, 2,4-D, BAP, kinetin 및 2ip)을 배지에 첨가하여 3종의 전엽재를 배양한 결과, 시토키닌류의 경우 생장촉진효과가 관찰되었으나 옥신류는 농도가 높아질수록 전엽체의 생장을 저해하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.360-364
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• 2006

도깨비고비와 참쇠고비의 포자발아에서 얻은 전엽체를 균질화하여 배양함으로써 전엽체 개체발생과 포자체 형성과정을 연구하였다. 배양 2주일이 지나자 균질화한 전엽체 세포들이 일차원의 필라멘트 형태를 형성하였고, 4주일째에는 다수의 가지를 뻗은 형태의 전엽체가 출현하였다. 배양 6주일째에 apical notch가 발달된 전엽체가 형성되었는데. 중심부에는 분열조직이 발달되었다. 8주의 배양기간이 지나자 전엽체의 중심부에서 장란기의 형성 없이 무수정생식에 의한 bud가 관찰되었다. 10주일이 지나자 무수정생식에 의한 bud는 포자체로 발달되었는데, flow cytometric 분석 결과 도깨비고비와 참쇠고비 모두에서 전엽체와 포자체는 동일한 ploidy level을 지닌 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 도깨비고비뿐만 아니라 참쇠고비 또한 무수정생식을 하는 양치식물임을 증명하는 결과로 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

본 연구는 기내배양을 통하여 양치식물인 변산일엽의 효과적인 번식방법을 개발하기 위해 실시되었다. 절편의 기원(근경, 엽병, 엽신의 세 부분)과 절편의 균질화가 식물재생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 오직 근경과 엽병에서만 기관형성능력이 관찰되었으며, 식물체 재생은 절편을 균질화함으로써 촉진되었다. 다수의 신초가 활발한 생장을 보이는 적정조건은 sucrose 1%가 함유된 1/2MS 배지였다. 전반적으로 $NaH_2PO_4$의 첨가는 신초의 증식을 촉진하였으며, 가장 높은 신초증식률을 보인 것은 NAA $5{\mu}M$이 첨가된 배지였다. 또한 $0.1{\sim}0.2%$의 활성탄과 생장조절물질을 혼용 처리한 결과, 다수의 싹이 뭉쳐있는 듯한 'nodule'-like bud clusters의 생성을 억제하고 포자체의 정상적인 형태형성을 향상시켰다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2002

제주도의 수악계곡과 김녕리에 생육하는 검은별고사리[Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats.] [처녀고사리과]와 계곡고사리[Dryopteris subexaltata (H. Christ) C. Chr.] [관중과]를 채집하여 국내 미기록종으로 보고하였다. 검은별고사리는 별고사리[T. acuminata (Houtt.) C. V. Morton]와 유사하지만 지하 줄기와 엽병 기부 및 포자의 색깔, 잎 이면의 선모의 유무, 포자낭군의 배열 형태 등에서 차이를 보였다. 계곡고사리는 국내에 분포하지 않는 D. sparsa (D. Don) Kuntze, D. sabaei (Franch. & Sav.) C. Chr., D. yakusilvicola Sa. Kurata와 유사하지만 엽병 기부의 무성아의 유무, 우편의 선단부 모양, 포자낭군의 분포, 포막의 형태에서 차이를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1999

Grazing preference, voluntary dry matter intake, stocking rate and digestibility of forage were investigated or sheep grazed in mature oil palm plantations in Malaysia. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated using the chromium sesquioxide marker method. The sheep were allowed to graze about 5 hours/day in oil palm plantations of age ranging from 9 to 21 years old. The crude protein, crude fibre and ash contents of selected herbage were 13.1 %; 24.6 %; and 8.3 %, respectively, while the gross energy (GE) and the metabolisable energy (ME) were 16.9 and 6.0 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Broad leaf plants and grasses were normally found in plantation of all ages. Legumes and oil palm seedlings formed the smallest group in the whole mixture. Fern content increased in older plantations. Legumes, oil palm seedlings, fern, broad leaves and grasses were 0.4, 1.3, 11.4, 28.0 and 59.0 %, respectively of total herbage. Grasses showed the highest preference index followed by broad leaf plants, legumes, oil palm seedlings and ferns in that order. The DMI and the metabolisable energy intake (MEI) of sheep at 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 months of age were 64.8, 65.0, 65.3, 65.6 and 67.4 g/kg $W^{0.75}$ (p<0.05) and 0.39, 0.40, 0.40, 0.40 and 0.41 MJ/kg $W^{0.75}$, respectively. The average stocking rate was 4.3 sheep/ha. It was concluded that the performance of the sheep could be improved by increasing the daily grazing period and also by appropriate concentrate supplementation.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.44-44
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop a suitable method for inducing the proliferation of prothallus and producing sporophytes of rock polypody (Polypodium vulgare L.). The prothalli used in all experiments were obtained from spore germination and sub-cultured for 8-week intervals. The most appropriate media for prothallus propagation were investigated by culturing 300 mg of prothallus in MS ($1/4{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, and $2{\times}$ strength) medium and in Knop medium for 8 weeks. Cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). Fresh weight of prothalli was 4.8 g on $1{\times}$ MS, 4.5 g on $1/2{\times}$ MS and 4.3 g on 1/4 MS medium. To select a suitable soil combination for sporophyte formation, 1.0 g of prothallus was ground with distilled water, spread in five combinations onto different soil substrates (decomposed granite, horticultural substrates, peat moss, and perlite), and then cultivated for 13 weeks. The sporophyte cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, humidity of $84{\pm}1.4%$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). The results showed that a mixture containing a 2:1 (v:v) ratio of horticultural substrate and perlite, increased sporophyte formation to 462.5 sporophytes per pot (7.5 cm2). The other soil substrates produced from 314.5 to 405.3 sporophytes per pot. Therefore, our results will provide conditions suitable for mass production of Polypodium vulgare L.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.63-63
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• 2020

This study investigated the growth of native ferns under indoor light intensities to identify the introduction possibility as in-door ornamental plants. Three evergreen perennial fern species used in this experiment were Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels, Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm., and Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai ex H. Itô. The light intensities were adjusted to 10, 50, 100 and 200 PPFD (µmol·m^-2·s^-1) based on the measurement of the various indoor light quantities. The experiment was conducted for a total of 8 weeks, and the light period (12/12h), temperature (25±1℃), and humidity (55±3%) were maintained during the experiment. The control plant group was grown in glass greenhouse for the same period. As the result of the study, in door C. japonica showed better growth under light intensities of 100, 200 PPFD. However, withering of the plants were observed under all light intensities except the control, which causes an ornamental value decrease. This seems to be related to the increase of DIo/RC value in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In the W. japonica growth data, the plant height was not significantly different from the control but, the leaf number decreased more than a two-fold. Also, the formed leaves turned brown and showed a poor growth and SPAD value at 200 PPFD had decreased significantly. Growth data of C. acuminatus was not significantly different with the control at all light intensities however, withering was observed at 100 and 200 PPFD. In chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, significant decrease in Pi_Abs and increase in DIo/RC value at 200 PPFD impose that stress caused by the intense light might be the reason of the withering of the plants.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.11-11
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• 2021

Ferns have been consumed as food in many countries for centuries. As rich sources of protein, fiber, minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, and fatty acids, ferns provide important nutrients to humans. Eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. Heller) is the most popular edible fern in South Korea where, additionally, it has long been used as an edible wild leaf vegetable. Recently, the production of eastern brackens in South Korea (2018) has reached 14,032 tons, for an annual revenue of 83.5 billion won, and even more eastern brackens are marketed if imports are taken into account as well. Most of the common ferns can be propagated using spores. However, fern farmers cultivate seedlings through traditional propagation methods, such as root pruning or rhizome division. These propagation methods exhibit limitations in forming roots and growing-points and are labor intensive. Quality seedlings of eastern bracken can be obtained through spore propagation, but the spores are fine and difficult to handle in the field. In addition, it would require appropriate environmental control. The production of synthetic seeds using encapsulation technology is easy to establish and it can be used to achieve high productivity at low cost. Synthetic seeds contain explants embedded into a seed foam, and they overcome the limitations of micropropagation and offer the possibility of using plug seedlings. Synthetic seed matrix, such as sodium alginate, has the advantages of low cost, low toxicity, and gel stability. The present study aimed to develop and produce synthetic seeds for the commercial exploitation of eastern bracken. Furthermore, we verified spore germination and the extent of gametophyte and sporophyte development achieved with our new synthetic seeds, whose production was intended to solve current problems with the handling, storage, and transportation of eastern bracken.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2005

최근 중국 하이난섬을 방문하여 양치식물상을 조사한 결과 중국의 하이난섬의 남동쪽에 위치하는 디아오류오산에서 채집한 처녀이끼과 두 종 중 한 종인 Trichomanes subclathratum은 하이난섬 미기록으로 밝혀졌으며 다른 한 종인 Mecodium riukiuense은 중국 미기록을 밝혀져서 여기에 보고한다.