• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2009

After analyzing data of 797 Middle and High School students, the results show that those using cognitive reappraisal strategies adjusted better in school life than those using expressive suppression strategies in regards to application of emotional regulation strategies. In gender differences of the application, male students adjusted better when they used cognitive reappraisal strategies in relationship with their teachers and their peers. Female students, on the other hand, adjusted better in relationship with their teachers their peers, and in academics, when using cognitive reappraisal strategies. In school year differences, middle school students who used less of emotional regulation strategies in academics, friendship and student-teacher relations adjusted better in relationship with their peers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.776-789
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between lifestyle types, demographic variables, and clothing consumption orientations of male and female adolescents. The method of this study was a survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 393 high school students in Seoul. Four lifestyle types of adolescents were derived by cluster analysis: 'digital orientation type', 'material orientation type', 'positive enterprise type', and 'achievement orientation type'. The material oriented students spent high expense on clothes, had higher preference of imported products, had more sensuous consumption orientations, did more impulsive buying, and were more influenced by advertisements than other types of students. Digital oriented students had mothers with low educational background, low academic records, spent small expense on clothes, and had less sensuous consumption orientation. There were more male students than female students in positive enterprise type and the students of this type had upper middle academic records, had higher sensuous consumption orientation and did less impulsive buying. There were more female students than male students in achievement oriented type and this type had high academic records, had mothers with high educational background, and spent small expense on clothes. They had low level on most of the clothing consumption orientation and were especially less influenced by advertisement. This research confirms that the clothing consumption orientations are associated with the lifestyle of adolescent.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 1996

In this study, the perceptions of science classroom climate were investigated for 360 elementary and middle school students in mixed classes. The instrument used was an adapted version of the Student Perception Questionnaire (SPQ), which consists of five elements-Participatory Climate, Personalized Interaction, Student Assertiveness, Positive Teacher, and Negative Teacher. The results indicated that the gender differences in the perceptions of the Participatory Climate and the Positive Teacher were not significant for middle school students. However, the differences were found to be significant in the perceptions of the Negative Teacher, the Personalized Interaction and the Student Assertiveness, which measure the climate for the individual student. On the other hand, elementary male and female students did not significantly differ in the perceptions of science classroom climate except one item on the Participatory Climate. Educational implications are discussed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 2008

Most of the students in middle and high schools today wear school uniforms. The school uniform is the most important and intimate clothes in adolescences and makes students feel a sense of group identity and belonging, and lessen the difference of economical capabilities. However levels of satisfaction is low because school uniforms do not express their individualities and do not keep up with the fashion. In this paper, we studied the partial liberalization of schools uniforms to raise the levels of satisfaction. The subjects were 378 male and female students from middle schools and high school in Ulsan, and a questionnaire was sent out. The survey was conducted in February 2007, and frequency analysis, ${\chi}^2$-analysis, and t-test were used for the analysis of the data. The results are as follows: The students recognized the partial liberalization of the dress code as loosening of the regulation As the result of analysis on attitudes toward the partial liberalization of the dress code, most of the students support the introduction of the plan. They chose a shirt as the most appropriate item and length as the best extent in liberalization. Among the elements of school uniform required to be unified, they selected a jacket and design as the item and extent, respectively. Through this study, we came to know the demands of students for school uniform and confirmed the possibility of the partial liberalization of the dress code as an improvement of consumer-oriented school uniform. In the future, it seems that their desires would be accepted and reflected in the design and school uniforms would be manufactured from the view point of consumer.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.87-99
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• 2009

This study aimed to explore self-esteem influencing variables such as appearance stress, sex-role identity, and depression, in order to assess self-esteem standards for children and adolescents. It also investigated mediating effects of sex-role identity and depression on self-esteem. The study subjects were 2,511 elementary students and 2,958 middle school students, selected using the Korea Adolescence Panel Data. The data collected from interviews were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, t test, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The main results were as follows: Firstly, appearance stress and depression of female students were higher than those of male students. However, sex-role identity of male students was higher than those of female students. Difference in self-esteem was not statistically significant between male and female students (P > 0.05). Secondly, appearance stress was positively correlated to sex-role identity and depression, but negatively correlated to selfesteem. Thirdly, sex-role identity and depression had a mediating affect on self-esteem. Finally, variables affecting self-esteem of children and adolescents were appearance stress, men-role identity, and depression. In addition to these variables, women-role identity was a major factor for female students.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.687-694
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the salt-related dietary behaviors according to the stage of change model in middle school students from the Gyeongsangbuk-do area. Data were collected from, a total of 253 male and 210 female middle school students through. Self-reporting questionnaire. By stage of salt-related dietary behaviors, the 'Pre-contemplation stage' was comprised of 57.3%, the 'Contemplation stage' of 12.2%, the 'Preparation stage' of 7.4% and the 'Action stage' of 23.2% of students. There were significant differences in the stage of change according to the experience with salt-related nutrition education (p<0.05), wherein differences according to gender and parent's education were not observed. In the salt-related dietary behaviors, there were significant differences according to gender (p<0.05), pocket money (p<0.01), and the stage of change (p<0.001). Males had higher salt-related dietary behavior scores than females, while students who had more pocket money also had higher scores, and the action group had lower scores than the other groups. Among the 10 items of salt-related dietary behaviors, only 4 showed above the average score (2.92/5.00), including behaviors of liking kimchi, completely consuming snacks and instant foods, and drinking the broth of soups. The salt-related dietary score of males was higher than females, while the action group's score was lower than the other stages.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on the evaluation or a female teachers' role-performance based on appearance according to backgrounds of students and their parents. For this study, data was collected between October 19 and 29, 2005 by means of a questionnaire designed to gauge a subject's evaluation of a teacher's abilities in learning guidance, living guidance, and human relations. The researchers selected two middle schools and four high schools in the city of Gwang-ju. The 398 surveys completed were analyzed using factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, t-test and descriptive statistics. According to the study, the evaluation of a female teacher's abilities varies with the backgrounds of both students and their parents. Among the students tested perceptions were affected by gender, grade level and type of school attended. For mothers there were differences based on age, occupation and family income.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a profanity intervention application on interpersonal relationship ability, aggression, and empathic ability among female middle school students. Method: The subjects of the present study were freshmen students at a girls' middle school in Gyeonggi-do. The profanity intervention application was implemented from November 20th to 27th, 2017. The pre- and post-tests were conducted one week before and two weeks after the intervention, respectively. The study was designed as a randomized controlled study and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 (Chicago, IL). A homogeneity test between the two groups was performed using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The two groups were found to be homogeneous in the pre-test. After the implementation of the profanity intervention application, aggression significantly decreased (F=20.17, p<.001) and interpersonal reactivity (F=5.92, p=.023) and empathy (F=11.10, p=.003) significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Among the factors related with aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility significantly decreased in the experimental group. Meanwhile, among the factors of interpersonal reactivity, empathic concern and perspective-taking significantly increased and, among the factors of empathy, cognitive empathy significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, various intervention programs that can consistently improve the moral and ethical sensitivity of students should be presented starting from elementary school to prevent verbal violence in adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.487-509
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• 2012

This study, in order to contribute to improvement of the affective domain for mathematics which is one of the largest issues of mathematics education, examined the background variables influencing mathematics anxiety of middle/high school students. As the result, the middle school students showed a greater level of anxiety than the high school students did, and especially the anxiety level according to environment factor and learning strategy factor was high. Also, male students showed overall a greater mathematics anxiety than female students did, and both group of students showed a higher anxiety level according to environment factor and learning strategy factor. Besides, the greater the time spent on private education was, the higher the mathematics anxiety level, and in test/performance factor, the group with low self-initiated learning time showed a higher level of mathematics anxiety compared to other two groups. Among four subfactors of mathematics anxiety test, the students overall scored lowest in anxiety for test/performance factor, and highest in environment factor.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.49-64
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out the degree of practice in three systems of action in home life of female and male middle school students who have learned the home economics under the 6th curriculum revision for three years since 1995 by teacher's major, student's sex, help from the family members, mothers' job, and the form of family. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The practice in systems of action in home life is relatively low in the communicative action, but is high unexpectably in emancipative action. 2) Depending on teacher's major, the practice in systems of action in home life of the students who have been taught by home economics majored teacher is high in communicative action but there is no significant difference in emancipative action between two groups. 3) The r]practice of female students is high in family, clothing, and housing areas, but therer is no significant difference between female and male students in resources and consuming, and food and nutrition areas of home life. 4) The more the family members help the students, the higher their practice in systems of action in home life. 5) The practice in all systems of action in home life has no significant difference between mothers with jobs and mothers without jobs. 6) There is no significant difference in systems of action in home life among groups by forms of family. 7) The result of multiple regression analysis shows that the helf from family members and sex of student independent variables have relative influence in the practice of home life.