• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.898-907
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• 2005

Chromium has emerged as an essential trace mineral in nutrition. However, it readily causes toxicity because of slightly excessive dose and/or form of chromium supplement. Therefore, developing a noble form of chromium supplement which is capable of not only an increased availability but also a reduced toxicity has been a critical issue in chromium nutrition. Chromium-methionine chelate has been, so far, one of the latest developments in its kind. Although not much information is available for the chromium-methionine chelate, especially in view of animal performances upon dietary supplementation, several studies indicated chromium methionine chelate could be effective to improve meat quality by increasing muscle mass but decreasing body fat. Highly-graded beef was produced by dietary chromium methionine supplementation during fattening stage of Korean native steers. Body muscle was increased in replace of decreasing body fat in both pig and rat that were dietary supplemented with chromium methionine chelate. However, a pig farm study did not show any significant improvement of body gain upon supplementation of chromium methionine. Immune responses of pig and rat were not always dependent upon chromium form but were varied by species. These results suggest there could be a different mode of responses due to species as well as onset time of dietary supplementation of chromium methionine. It is still early to conclude the bio-efficacy of chromium methionine chelate presumably due to its recent appearance into the field. But the chelate is certainly worth more application to animal since it certainly reduced the application level of dietary chromium.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation (n = 40 pigs/treatment) with bamboo powder (0, 1, 2 and 3%) for 38 days. We evaluated growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of fattening pigs and gas emission and microbial populations in pig manure, to obtain data on pork producers for environmental management. We obtained the following results. First, supplementation with increasing amounts of bamboo powder had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on feed intake, feed efficiency, and glucose contents (except for initial and final body weight, weight gain, carcass characteristics, and blood urea nitrogen). In terms of blood metabolites, glucose and blood urea nitrogen tended to decrease with increasing amounts of bamboo powder. Second, the amounts of ammonia, methane, amine, hydrogen sulfide, and acetic acid were reduced by increasing amounts of bamboo powder when compared with the controls (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in pH, propionic acid, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, and valeric acid among all treatments. The lowest gas emission was observed when 3% bamboo powder was used. Third, supplementation with increasing amounts of bamboo powder tended (P < 0.05) to increase the total number of bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., and yeast, but E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. were not detected in any treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that supplementation with bamboo powder was effective in reducing gas emission and inhibiting pathogen populations in pig manure by lowering the pH of the manure.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.592-599
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility for utilization and the effectiveness of citrus byproducts on the nutritional composition and sensory score of Jejudo native pig meat. The groups are consisting of the Jejudo native pig loin without citrus byproduct ($JNP-T_0$) and the Jejudo native pig loin fed with 8% and 15% citrus byproduct during growing and fattening period($JNP-T_1$). The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calorie, cholesterol content Mg, P, K, Na, vitamin $B_1\;and\;B_2$, total amino acid, and total free amino acid content were not significantly different between $JNP-T_0$ and $JNP-T_1$(p>0.05). It was found that palmitic acid($25.301{\sim}27.403%$) was the highest one among saturated fatty acid while oleic acid($42.234{\sim}43.061%$) was the highest among unsaturated fatty acid in both groups. In case of sensory score, the color and aroma of raw meat, and the flavor preference of boiled meat of $JNP-T_0$ were higher than those of $JNP-T_1$(p<0.05). But the taste, texture, juiciness and palatability of boiled meat were not influenced by feeding of citrus byproduct.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

The emission characteristics and emission factors were determined by measuring the concentration of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), the amount of ventilation, etc. in the two fattening rooms which have the same environment in winter. As a result of monitoring, the average concentration of CH₄ and N₂O was 20.7-26.7 ppm and 1.4-1.6 ppm. The average temperature inside the room was measured at 20.0-21.4℃, and the average ventilation was 1345.4-1567.3 m³/h. The daily emission of CH₄ for the first 30 days showed a constant emission of 3.6-8.2 g/d/m²/pig, but thereafter, the emission increased rapidly. The daily emission of N₂O was 0.7-1.3 g/d/m²/pig, showing stable emission during the test period, and relatively insignificant emission compared to the emission of CH₄. After repeated test, it was confirmed that there was no significant difference between the two rooms. As a result, the CH₄ 6. 21 g/d/m²/pig and N₂O 1.02 g/d/m²/pig average emission for each room was derived.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2016

For determining the prevalence of major enteric pathogens, clinical examination and etiological diagnosis were carried out on 75 Korean pig farms. Enteric disease-suspected signs were observed in 90.7% of the farms and the incidence and severity were higher in younger age groups of the pigs. Five of seven pathogens were detected in 375 fecal samples collected from the 75 farms, and the farm-level prevalence of porcine rotavirus group A (PoRVA), pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli, Lawsonia (L.) intracelluraris, Salmonella spp., and Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae was 54.7%, 54.7%, 16.0%, 10.7% and 2.7%, respectively. PoRVA was extensively infected in suckling and weaning pig groups. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli was highest in suckling period, and after the period, it exhibited a tendency to decrease. Salmonella spp. and L. intracelluraris were detected in all feeding groups of pigs in a ratio of 1.3~6.7%. B. hyodysenteriae was detected in 1.3~2.7% of growing and fattening pig groups but not detected in suckling and weaning pig groups. At least one or more pathogens were detected in 30.1% of 375 fecal samples. Among these, 25.0% or 5.1% of cases were single or mixed infection. Enteric disease signs of the pigs were significantly co-related with the detection of PoRVA, pathogenic E. coli or Salmonella spp. (P<0.01) but not with L. intracelluraris or B. hyodysenteriae (P>0.05). Conclusively, it will be expected that these data obtained in this study are very useful for subsequent studies and prevention strategies for swine enteric disease in Korean pig farms.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2016

A total of 16 growing pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc, average weight $71{\pm}2kg$) were used in this experiment for 24 days to determine the effect of replacing ground corn with barley varieties on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Each pig was housed individually in a metabolic cage with a nipple waterer and feeder. Four dietary treatments included control (a corn and soybean meal-based diet) and 3 barley varieties (Youngyang, Wooho, or Yuyeon barley replacing 40% of ground corn). Growth performance and nutrient digestibility were not affected by replacement of 40% of ground corn with one of the three barley varieties (p > 0.05), but final body weight was. As for blood characteristics, pig treated with all of the barley treatments had no effect (p > 0.05) on total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and glucose in comparison with control; however, there was a difference in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels between the control and all of the barley replaced treatment groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in spite of statistically significant differences, each of the three barley varieties is a suitable substitute for ground corn in the diet of growing and fattening pigs without adverse effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 2024

Toxoplasma gondii, a common protozoan parasite, poses significant public health risks due to its potential to cause toxoplasmosis in humans and can be contracted from pigs, which are considered its critical intermediate host. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered pigs for human consumption, emphasizing the zoonotic implications and the need for improved biosecurity and monitoring practices in pig farming. A total of 1,526 pig samples (1,051 whole blood samples and 384 lung tissue samples from the local slaughterhouse and 91 aborted fetus samples from local farms) were collected throughout the whole country of Korea in 2020. Among them, 6 (0.4%) were found to be infected with T. gondii by nested PCR. When compared by sample type, the prevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in the aborted fetus samples (2.2%, 2/91) than in the blood (0.3%, 3/1,051) and lung tissue samples (0.3%, 1/384). The B1 gene sequence of T. gondii was similar (97.9-99.8%) to that of the other T. gondii isolates. This study represents the first molecular genotyping survey of T. gondii in the lung tissue of fattening pigs and aborted fetuses in Korea. Our findings indicated the importance of adopting preventive measures including the implementation of rigorous farm hygiene protocols and the promotion of public awareness about the risks of consuming undercooked pork. By addressing the gaps in current control strategies and encouraging the One Health approach, this study contributes to the development of more effective strategies to mitigate the transmission of T. gondii from pigs to humans, ultimately safeguarding public health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.605-610
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• 2009

In the last 20 years, meat quality, especially meat edible quality has become a more intriguing topic in the field of swine production. In this paper, we briefly review the progress of meat quality research from the aspects of genetic selection and nutritional modulation, and propose a possible approach -nutrigenomics- to explore the nutrition-responsive major genes that affect meat quality formation during the growing and fattening of pigs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1479-1488
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• 2022

Objective: This work was to determine coat inheritance and evaluate production performance for crossbred pigs from Berkshire×Chenghua (BC) compared with Chinese indigenous Chenghua (CH) pigs. Methods: The coat color phenotypes were recorded for more than 16,000 pigs, and the genotypes of melanocortin 1 receptor (MCIR) gene were identified by sequencing. The reproductive performance of 927 crossbred BC F4 gilts and 320 purebred CH gilts was recorded. Sixty pigs of each breed were randomly selected at approximately 60 days of age to determine growth performance during fattening period, which lasted for 150 days for BC pigs and 240 days for CH pigs. At the end of the fattening period, 30 pigs of each breed were slaughtered to determine carcass composition and meat quality. Results: The coat color of BC pigs exhibits a "dominant black" hereditary pattern, and all piglets derived from boars or sows genotyped E^D1 E^D1 homozygous for MC1R gene showed a uniform black coat phenotype. The BC F4 gilts displayed a good reproductive performance, showing a higher litter and tear size and were heavier at farrowing litter and at weaning litter than the CH gilts, but they reached puberty later than the CH gilts. BC F4 pigs exhibited improved growth and carcass characteristics with a higher average daily live weight gain, lower feed-to-gain ratio, and higher carcass lean meat rate than CH pigs. Like CH pigs, BC F4 pigs produced superior meat-quality characteristics, showing ideal pH and meat-color values, high intramuscular fat content and water-holding capacity, and acceptable muscle-fiber parameters. C18:1, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:2 were the main fatty acids in M. longissimus lumborum in the two breeds, and a remarkably high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of ~0.39 was observed in the BC F4 pigs. Conclusion: The BC F4 pigs exhibit a uniform black coat pattern and acceptable total production performance.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

Aujeszky's disease (AD) is a respiratory, infectious viral illness associated with high mortality, especially in neonatal piglets and has frequently been considered an economically important disease in many endemic countries. Although AD is still occurring in a geographically defined region in Korea, little attention has been paid to the economics of AD. In this study, partial budget technique was used to develop a simulation model to measure financial losses following the disease epidemic in a swine operation utilizing stochastic or deterministic parameters from the literatures and the index case herd of AD occurred in 2005, where available and applicable. For the infected case herd with a 12500-pig, the total economic loss for this operation was estimated to be about 199 million Korean won (95% confidence interval [CI] 148,645,000-250,741,000). Given net loss due to death of a pig at sow level was 119,000 won, total loss for the case herd with 1200 sows accounted for 143 million won (95% CI 92,599,000-193,729,000). The net loss of the death of one pig at growing and fattening level resulted in loss of 46,000 won (95% CI 40,000-53,000) and 126,000 won (95% CI 122,000-131,000), respectively. Taking into account for the number of pigs raised in the case herd, total loss amounted to 8 million won (95% CI 7,167,000-9,347,000) and 12 million won (95% CI 11,959,000-12,891,000), for growers and fatteners, respectively, assuming 63% of saved feed intake when a pig dies halfway through the respective period. Under the model's assumptions, suckling pig mortality was the major factors of loss in estimating the economic consequences (approximately 71.8% of the total loss). The high economic losses of a herd infected with AD suggest that the effective and region-specific control measures should be implemented in disease endemic foci.