• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.524-529
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• 2016

Controlling the production of diverse cell/tissue types is essential for the development of multicellular organisms such as animals and plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana root, which contains distinct cells/tissues along longitudinal and radial axes, has served as an elegant model to investigate how genetic programs and environmental signals interact to produce different cell/tissue types. In the root, a series of asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) give rise to three ground tissue layers at maturity (endodermis, middle cortex, and cortex). Because the middle cortex is formed by a periclinal (parallel to the axis) ACD of the endodermis around 7 to 14 days post-germination, middle cortex formation is used as a parameter to assess maturation of the root ground tissue. Molecular, genetic, and physiological studies have revealed that the control of the timing and extent of middle cortex formation during root maturation relies on the interaction of plant hormones and transcription factors. In particular, abscisic acid and gibberellin act synergistically to regulate the timing and extent of middle cortex formation, unlike their typical antagonism. The SHORT-ROOT, SCARECROW, SCARECROW-LIKE 3, and DELLA transcription factors, all of which belong to the plant-specific GRAS family, play key roles in the regulation of middle cortex formation. Recently, two additional transcription factors, SEUSS and GA- AND ABA-RESPONSIVE ZINC FINGER, have also been characterized during ground tissue maturation. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the regulatory networks that control the timing and extent of middle cortex formation during post-embryonic root development.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2004

According to construction of global administration environment, all over the world was ended up in infinite competition period. Because eating out company also competes with another company, it must enjoy competitive power high position to secure high position continuously, classified by formation constituent's individuation and two aspects of organic special quality by the factor. Individuation classified by formation constituent's business ability, personal relations, age factors of Information Technology, and organic special quality classifies by factor of formation culture and result that analyze eating out company's business condition competitive power reinforcement effect factor is same as following. First, was construed by company culture, personal relations, business ability period of ten days with family Restaurant, and Information Technology showed that do not influence. Competitive power reinforcement effect factor with special restaurant was construed by company culture, personal relations, business ability period of ten days, and fast food company culture and Information Technology factor with hotel restaurant company culture by competitive power reinforcement effect factor construe.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyse the principles and methods of Taegyo-Singi with regard to emotion and to review basic informations on Taegyo programs for promoting prenatal development. Taegyo-Singi was analyzed as follows. First, the contents of Taegyo-Singi were classified into principles and methods of Taegyo. Second, the domains of emotion were categorized into emotional perception, emotional expression, emotional understanding, and emotional regulation based on the classification of Mayer and Salovey, and Moon. Third, the contents of Taegyo-Singi were classified into the four domains of emotion. Finally, the reliability and validity of the classification were obtained through inter-rater agreement and analysis of content validity. The results indicated that first, the principles of Taegyo presuppose parental influence on temperament formation, and that the emotional states of the mother in the prenatal and prepregnancy period is the most influential variable in a child's temperament formation. Second, the methods of Taegyo presuppose that the human mind interacts with their behavior. Therefore, through emotional support of family members, 'jon-sim (the serene mind)' and 'chung-sim (the mind from rectitude)' are the key methods of Taegyo. This means that the Korean tradition of Taegyo focused on the emotional domain of development, especially emotional regulation. This coincides with the emotion-focused temperament theory that individual differences in temperament reflect individual differences in emotion.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.360-363
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• 2006

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) contribute to various kinds of genomic instability via rearrangement and retrotransposition events. In the present study the formation of a new human-specific solo-LTR belonging to the HERV-H family (AP001667; chromosome 21q21) was detected by a comparative analysis of human chromosome 21 and chimpanzee chromosome 22. The solo-LTR was formed as a result of an equal homologous recombination excision event. Several evolutionary processes have occurred at this locus during primate evolution, indicating that mammalian-wide interspersed repeat (MIR) and full-length HERV-H elements integrated into hominoid genomes after the divergence of Old World monkeys and hominoids, and that the solo-LTR element was created by recombination excision of the HERV-H only in the human genome.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

This study aims to propose a hypothetical urban neighborhood, HanGyo-dong, which is a model for understanding the relationship between the neighborhood change and educational facilities. Three issue layers of the model derived from preceding case studies are: establishment, relocation and redevelopment of educational facilities; formation and redevelopment of adjacent residential areas; and growth of neighborhood commercial cores. The neighborhood changes observed through HanGyo-dong include (1) the formation of educational base and commercial activities along the stream, (2) the growth of student and intellectual community and the installment of public transportation nodes, and (3) the relocation of schools and hospitals followed by a series of redevelopments of single family house into multi-family housing of low-rise residence and high rise apartment complex. The findings call for the collaborative practice of educational administration and neighborhood planning regarding how educational facilities, which were the tool for urban expansion policy, will contribute to the development of the neighborhood's identity as a localized hub.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-139
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• 1993

Korea has successfully achieved a lowered fertility level owing to the strong population control policy and effective family planning program. Along with fertility decline and decreased number of children in family, average number of household members has decreased and nontraditional households such as one person household and households composed of unrelated individuals have prolifirated, even though the absolute number of them are found minimal in Korea. However in recent years several data and survey results suggest that one person households are gradually in the increasing trend. The study aimed at investigating the real state of one person households in Korea and next analyzing the proportional distribution of one person households by a few socioeconomic characteristics, thus providing basic for eatablishing far-singhted population and social welfare policy in the future. Korea has experienced high growth rate of economy through government-led development plans starting from the 1960s. During the past three decades, Korea has shifted from the agricultural state to the industrialized one. In compliance with the economic growth, urbanization and industrialization have brought about rural-to-urban migration and a great bulk of young population migrated to urban areas, who are seeking for educational and job opportunities. Korean society has also been under drastic change in every aspect of life involving norms, tradition, and attitude, etc. Therefore, in spite of the prejudice on 'living alone' still remaining, young people gradually leave parents and home, and further form nontraditional households in urban areas. Current increase in the number of one person households is partly attributable to the increase in high female educational attainment and female participation in economic activities. As the industrial structure in Korea changes from primary into secondary and tertiary industries, job opportunities for service/sales and manufacturing are opened to young female labor force in the process of industrialization. Contrary to the formation of one person households by young people, the aged single households are composed when children in family leave one by one because of marriage, education, employment. In particular, a higher proportion of aged female single households occur in rural areas due to the mortality difference by sex. Based on the data released form the 1990 Population and Housing Census and National Fertility and Family Health Survey in 1985 and 1991, the study tried to examine the state of one person households in Korea. According to Census data, the number of one person households increased to 1, 021, 000 in 1990, comprising 9.0 percent of total households. And the survey reveal that among total 11, 540 households, 8.0 percent, 923 households, are composed of one person households. Generally, the proportion of female single households is greater than that of male ones, and a big proportion of one person households is concentrated in the 25-34 age bracket in urban areas and 65 years and more in rural areas. It is shown than one person householders in urban areas have higher educational attainment with 59.2 percent high schooling and over in 1991, Job seeking proved to be the main reason for leaving home and forming one person households. The number of young female single households with higher education and economic self-reliance are found nil and the study did not allow to analyze the causal realtionship between female education and employment and one person household formation. However more research and deep analysis on the causal facors on one person household formation using statistical method are believed to be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore the housing pathways of middle-class married women toward owning a first home. In doing so, an in-depth interview as a qualitative method was conducted, life history was utilized to track down the path to first-home owning, and all the interviews were transcribed for analysis. The research participants were well-educated middle-class full-time housewives owning a home. The findings indicated that family formation through marriage and child birth was a primary driving force to buy a home. It was shown that owning a home was perceived not just as a stepping stone for building both family wealth and social capital but as one of the most important pillars to reinforcing traditional family values. In spite of some intergenerational distinctions on the path toward home owning, commonalities across generations included that home owning was considered to be a social icon for middle-class, it became almost impossible for younger generations without parental support which stimulated the intergenerational transfer of wealth, and it was greatly determined by both family income (affordability) and home finance options(borrowing capacity). This research implies that the changing social landscape transforms the value on homeownership and could undermine the socioeconomic strengths of home owning. Nonetheless, it's of importance to strategically assist first homebuyers who are likely to be a member of middle-class.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

According to the changing environment of modern society, a resident of the symbols reflects the growing need for housing has risen. Recently the participation of women in Korea, increased divorce rates, diversification of types of jobs, personal life, due to the typically family-oriented values is not the type of atypical forms of various types of households (a person households, newlyweds, Late Marriage Couples, single parent households, cohabiting, single core, including a disclaimer) is formed, and this trend for the social composition of the new housing environment is required. In this study, South Korea, Japan, the two countries central to the values of personal life for the area be developed by the individual but in reality did not meet the residential space in the current "environmental action research" living life based on the construction of a personal area tend to be aware of. Central values of private life, which amplified the possibility of increased prices as the difficulties in living life the most "private area" Building "area of the discrepancies" and controlled through the building of the reason for the tendency of humans in the future by identifying Oriented for the formation of residential space is to provide basic information. In addition, changes in family patterns in Japan and South Korea ahead of the current family patterns by comparing the present and future of Korea is trying to think.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2014

Background: There is no consensus on the definition of primary care in South Korea. This study's objective was to define the concept of primary care using a Delphi method. Methods: Three expert panels were formed, consisting of 16 primary care policy researchers, 45 stakeholders, and 16 primary care physicians. Three rounds of voting, using 9-point appropriateness scales, were conducted. The first round involved rating the appropriateness of 20 previously established attributes of primary care. In the second round, panelists received a summary of the first-round results and were asked to once again vote on the 10 undetermined attributes and the provisional definition. The final round involved voting on the appropriateness of the revised definition. The Korean Language Society reviewed the revised definition. Results: Four core (first-contact care, comprehensiveness, coordination, and longitudinality) and three ancillary (personalized care, family and community context, and community base) attributes were selected. The Korean definition of primary care was accomplished with all three panel groups arriving at a 'very good' level of consensus. Conclusion: The Korean definition of primary care will provide a framework for evaluating performance of primary care in South Korea. It will also contribute to resolving confusion about the concept of primary care.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.233-246
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• 2018

Korean society is experiencing an increase in multicultural families and single households. The incidence of the MERS, epidemic in 2015, and the subsequent cases of child abuse have been major shocks to Korean society. In addition, there has been a steady increase in household debt, that is in danger of causing a serious crisis in the stability of our society and the family. The current demand for increased accountability in the democratic process is becoming an important topic. There is also an increased awareness of natural disaster preparation due to local earthquakes that have caused concern. At this point, the lifelong education in the home economics education field in Korea is in line with the changes and crises of various societies. Problems related to family life that have happened in the real life of learners stand in the place of the study with preventive character. It should provide the best alternative for family, home, and society, and help to overcome the problems of life. In order for lifelong education to respond to these social changes $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ Home Economics Education, it is necessary to develop: 'formation and improvement education of family relationship', 'crisis prevention and management coping ability training', 'safety education', 'learning communication and consensus processes', 'consumer culture education', 'ethics education on environment and resources', 'sustainability education', 'local education of family relationship', 'crisis prevention and management coping ability training', 'safety education', 'learning communication and consensus processes', 'consumer culture education', 'ethics education on environment and resources', 'sustainability education', 'local economic activation education', and other topics of lifelong education topics related to the field of Home Economics Education are required. Consequently, various related programs should be further developed and disseminated.