• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.807-825
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• 2013

This study investigated two science teachers' practical knowledge shaped during their science classes which intend to realize social construction of scientific models. The teachers' practical knowledge was qualitatively examined in terms of five content categories defined by Elbaz through the reflection-in-action based on video data of their teaching as well as the reflection-on-action based on their narratives and interview data obtained after their classes. The results shows: 1) two science teachers implemented their practical knowledge on appropriate subject matter knowledge when they provided students with scaffoldings to support building scientific models during the classes. 2) The teachers' knowledge about science curriculum played important roles to change the purposes of the classes from the transmission of difficult science concepts to the construction of scientific model appropriate to learning goals. 3) The teachers' implementation of pedagogical knowledge changed toward supporting students' group activities and model generations aligned to the intention of social construction of scientific models. 4) The teachers' practical knowledge about their 'selves' showed that a teacher's perception and implementation of his/her roles of helper, guide, or facilitator are important for students to construct scientific models through group activities. 5) The two teachers' practical knowledge the milieu of schooling is realized by their modes of interactions with student groups during their classes. Two teachers acted like a co-player with his students or like a coach to students near a playground. We discussed domain-specific characteristics about scientific model construction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between metacogintion, problem solving process, and debriefing experience in S-PBL. Study participants were 102 nursing students who took the integrated S-PBL class in their last semester. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire and analyzed into descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. The highest subscale of debriefing experience was 'appropriate facilitator guidance' 3.78 (out of 5). Problem solving process and metacognition were positively correlated (r=0.704, p<.001). Metacognition was positively correlated with debriefing experience(r=0.197, p<.05), especially area of 'learning and making connections'(r=0.235, p<.05) whereas, there was no significant correlation between problem solving process and debriefing experience. Multiple regression (enter method) showed that gender and metacognition explained 51.2% of problem solving process. This study offers a rationale on simulation debriefing and further studies are needed to support effects of experiences of debriefing and factors on problem solving process and debriefing in nursing simulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.595-606
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• 2018

Objective: The Fusarium mycotoxins of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zerolenone (ZEN) cause health hazards for both humans and farm animals. Therefore, the main intention of this study was to reveal DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the liver of piglets. Methods: In the present study, 15 six-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to the following three different dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, diet containing 8 mg DON/kg feed, and diet containing 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. After 4 weeks, liver samples were collected and sequenced using RNA-Seq to investigate the effects of the mycotoxins on genes and gene networks associated with the immune systems of the piglets. Results: Our analysis identified a total of 249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 99 upregulated and 150 downregulated genes in both the DON and ZEN dietary treatment groups. After biological pathway analysis, the DEGs were determined to be significantly enriched in gene ontology terms associated with many biological pathways, including immune response and cellular and metabolic processes. Consistent with inflammatory stimulation due to the mycotoxin-contaminated diet, the following Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways, which were related to disease and immune responses, were found to be enriched in the DEGs: allograft rejection pathway, cell adhesion molecules, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), type I diabetes mellitus, human T-cell leukemia lymphoma virus infection, and viral carcinogenesis. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that DON and ZEN treatments downregulated the expression of the majority of the DEGs that were associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9), proliferation (insulin-like growth factor 1, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, lipase G, and salt inducible kinase 1), and other immune response networks (paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta, Src-like-adaptor-1 [SLA1], SLA3, SLA5, SLA7, claudin 4, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzyme, ubiquitin D, histone $H_2B$ type 1, and serum amyloid A). Conclusion: In summary, our results demonstrated that high concentrations DON and ZEN disrupt immune-related processes in the liver.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2009

As the necessity of cyber education is being raised up recently, Cyber Home Learning System(CHLS) is increasingly adopted at all school levels ranging from elementary to high schools. The purposes of this study are to find out that how elementary social studies of CHLS influence on the academic performance and learning attitude of students and their satisfaction. Based on these suggestions on social studies of CHLS are proposed. To accomplish the purposes, comparisons were made between experimental group utilizing social studies of CHLS and control group of traditional class of 54 students(27 students each in experimental and control group) in 5th grade. The results are as follows. Utilizations in social studies of CHLS showed positive effects on academic performance and learning attitude, and students' satisfaction on social studies of CHLS were rather increased. Based on these findings, several suggestions are made. First, strategy to improve motivation and confidence for students to participate on social studies of CHLS are necessary. Second, thinking and problem-solving activities needs to be integrated to social studies of CHLS. Third, for meaningful social studies, environment that can improve communication and thinking ability through interaction needs to be facilitated. Fourth, supporting plan is advised for teachers carrying on the role of manager and facilitator.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.529-538
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• 2017

The objectives of this study are to examine and propose a method for establishing a seed story regarding residents of Yongdam 1-dong and to utilize storytelling in establishing town development strategies. Globally, major cities seek urban restoration based on their regional culture and history. Yongdam 1-dong is a downtown area located in Jeju City, South Korea. This study attempts an innovative approach to town-making by storytelling about the residents' lives. The storytelling method may be utilized to establish town development plans in the following ways: 1) To make use of the storytelling method in the town to be introduced in various ways; 2) As an important reference in establishing town development plans; 3) To establish various town-making plans. For example, the method may be used to decide the direction, prepare program contents, plan related festivals, and conduct regional facilitator education programs; and 4) To help experts who participate in voluntary work in the region to understand the town. Using these contents, we can create one of various fields in town development.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-74
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• 1997

This paper investigates the spatial characteristics of networks, which arise as a firm's strategy to enhance its competitiveness to cope with the changing economic environments characterized by technological changes and increasing competitiveness. The theoretical framework in this study proposes that networks emerge as a firm's strategies to promote its competitiveness through the vertical/horizontal disintegration of the production system. Futhermore, regional industries of networks. The study examines the types of cooperation and the spatial boundary of the computer industry networks in Korea. Questionnaire survey was conducted on 1, 128 computer companies which had more than 10 employees, with 126 questionnaires being used for analysis. In addition, newpaper articles were used to supplement the foregoing work on network characteristics. The review of these articles covers the period from Jan. 1994 to June 1996. Major findings of this study are as follows: The spatial range of cooperative networks varies according to the specific characters of cooperation(R & D, production, and seles). Intralocal networks are being developed in Kangnam and Youido area, the computer industry agglomeration clusres of Seoul. There are the regional differnces in the agents and contents of cooperation. In intra-national R & D and production networks, regional differnces in agglomeratins and non-agglomerations are not detercted. Most networks of this type are found between large firms and small firms. In contrast, foregn R & D and production networks, which are operated mostly by large firms, are found in Kangnam, Youido, and CBD. Intra-national and foreign productino networks are also focused in Kangnam, Youido, and CBD. Small firms are playing an active role in making this type of cooperation possible. In the perspective of localization-globalization, Korean computer industry can be analyzed in two respects: industrial and regional. The localization of small firms and the localization-globalization of large firms' networks are being developed in industrial contexts, while the localization-globalization of agglomerations and the localization of non-agglomerations networks are being developed in regional contexts. As networks for the localization-globalization of industry are growing in agglomerations, interfirm networks could be related to trends in the formation or intensification of industrial agglomerations. industrial agglomeration areas function as a facilitator of localization through subcontracts, intraregional network and interregional network. They also facilitate globalization via foregn networks. In non-agglomeratin areas, localization networks, which are connected with agglomeration areas via subcontracting, interregional R & D. or production cooperation.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

The paper describes The Narrative Communication Model of Hope Seeking Intervention developed by the authors as an approach to help clients to have individually specific hope experiences. The Model is founded upon the existential conceptualization of hope that views hope as subjective, unique experiences of meaning and processes. The Model has been developed based on the findings both in the literature and the authors' work on the nature of hope and hope experiences and integrating the concept of hope as subjective meanings and experiences, the processes of story-telling and the concept of narrative configuration as a way to engage in person-specific experiences, and person-centered communication. The results of the experiences with the application of the model in a study are used to clarify the model further. The Model incorporating story-telling and narrative construction through person-centered communication is identified in three components-the story-telling, the narrative intervention, and the communication components. These components are processed as an intervention to culminate into person-specific hope experiences in which active participation of clients as the story-teller and of interventionist as the communicative facilitator is required to produce narratives of hope with individual specific thematic plots that become the basis for hope experiences. The application of the Model has shown positive outcomes in clients with successful seeking of own hope experiences. The success of the Model application seems to depend upon interventionists' understanding of the model and the competency with the application of person-centered communication strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.24
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• pp.333-369
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• 1993

정보검색 시스템을 대하는 대부분의 이용자의 대답은 '이용하기에 어렵다'라는 것이다. 기계적인 정보검색을 기본 철학으로 하는 기존의 matching paradigm은 정보 곡체를 여기 저기 내용을 옮길 수 있는 물건으로 간주한다. 그리고 기존의 정보시스템은 이용자가 시스템을 구성한 사람의 의도 (즉, indexing, cataloguing rule)를 완전히 이해한다면, 즉 완전하게 질문식(query)을 작성한다면, 효과적인 검색을 할 수 있는 그런 시스템이다. 그러나 어느 이용자가 그 복잡한 시스템을 이해하고 정보검색을 할 수 있겠는가? 한마디로 시스템을 설계한 사람의 의도로 이용자가 적응해서 검색을 한다는 것은 아주 힘든 일이다. 그러나 우리가 이용자에 대한 인식을 다시 한다면 보다 나은 시스템을 만들 수 있다고 본다. 우리 인간은 아주 창조적이어서 자기가 처한 상황에서 이치에 맞게끔 자기 나름대로의 행동을 할 수 있다(sense-making approach). 이 사실을 인식한다면, 왜 이용자들의 행동양식에 시스템 설계자가 적응을 못하는 것인가? 하고 의문을 던질 수 있다. 앞으로의 시스템이 이용자들의 자연스러운 행동 패턴에 맞게 끔 설계된다면 기존의 시스템과 함께 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 편리한 시스템이 설계될 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 도서관 및 정보학 연구에 있어서 기존의 분류. 목록에 대한 연구와 이용자체에 대한연구(예를 들면, 몇 시에 이용자가 많은가? 어떤 종류의 책을 어떤 계충에서 많이 보는가? 도서 및 잡지가 어떻게 양적으로 성장해 왔는가? 등등의 use study)와 함께 여기서 제시한 제3의 요소인 이용자의 인식(cognition)을 시스템설계에 반드시 도입을 해야만 한다고 본다(user-centric approach). 즉 이용자를 중간 중간에서 도울 수 있는 facilitator가 많이 제공되어야 한다. 이용자의 다양한 패턴의 정보요구(information needs)에 부응할 수 있고, 질문식(query)을 잘 만들 수 없는 이용자를 도울 수 있고(ASK hypothesis: Anomolous State of Knowledge), 어떤 질문식 없이도 자유스럽게 Browsing할 수 있는(예를 들면 hypertext) 시스템을 설계하기 위해서는 눈에 보이는 이용자의 행동패턴(external behavior)도 중요하지만 우리 눈에는 보이지 않는 이용자의 심리상태를 이해한다면 훨씬 나은 시스템을 만들 수 있다. 이용자가 '왜?' '어떤 상황에서,' '어떤 목적으로,' '어떻게,' 정보를 검색하는지에 대해서 새로운 관심을 들려서 이용자들이 얼마나 우리 시스템 설계자들의 의도에 미치지 못한다는 사실을 인식 해야한다. 이 분야의 연구를 위해서는 새로운 paradigm이 필수적으로 필요하다고 본다. 단지 'user-study'만으로는 부족하며 새로운 시각으로 이용자를 연구해야 한다. 가령 새롭게 설치된 computer-assisted system에서 이용자들이 어떻게, 그리핀 어떤 분야에서 왜 그렇게 오류 (error)를 범하는지 분석한다면 앞으로의 computer 시스템 선계에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 믿는다. 실제로 많은 방법이 개발되고 있다. 그러면 시스템 설계자가 가졌던 이용자들이 이러 이러한 방식으로 정보검색을 할 것이라는 예측과(즉, conceptual model) 실제 이용자들이 정보검색을 할 때 일어나는 행동패턴 사이에는(즉, mental model) 상당한 차이점이 있다는 것을 알게 될 것이다. 이 차이점을 줄이는 것이 시스템 설계자의 의무라고 생각한다. 결론적으로, Computer에 대한 새로운 지식과 함께 이용자들의 인식을 연구할 수 있는, 철학적이고 방법론적인 연구를 계속하나가면서, 이용자들의 행동패턴을 어떻게 시스템 설계에 적용할 수 있는 지를 연구해야 한다. 중요하게 인식해야할 사실은 구 Paradigm을 완전히 무시하라는 것은 아니고 단지 이용자에 대한 새로운 인식을 추가하자는 것이다. 그것이 진정한 User Study가 될 수 있는 길이라고 생각하며, 컴퓨터와 이용자 사이의 '원활한 의사교환'이 필수불가결 한 지금 우리 학문이 가야 할 한 연구분야이다. (Human Interaction with Computers)

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2013

Upper extremity dysfunction is a common consequence following stroke. Spontaneous recovery during the first six months post-stroke is rigorous and considered as a significant indicator of potential long-term progress. Various approaches have been utilized to regain functional upper limb movement necessary for independent living; however, conventional therapy approaches have failed to prove consistency, especially for subacute stroke patients. There is, thus, a need for innovative therapeutic strategies that motivate stroke survivors to facilitate neural and functional recovery during the critical window immediately following stroke. The effect of music on physical enhancement has been frequently reported in the field of medicine as well as neurorehabilitation. The efficacy of rhythm on lower extremity deficits has been well established. Yet, the rationale for using instrumental music making enhancing subacute upper extremities rehabilitation is not clearly described to date. Based on the key mechanism of music as sensori-motor movement facilitator, this paper reviews previous empirical research that utilized music-based interventions for upper extremity rehabilitation for stroke patients, either in the form of receptive or expressive activity. This paper, further, focuses on the current research trends in subacute stroke upper limb rehabilitation and provides applicable rationale of using instrumental music playing.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.253-264
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• 2017

The advent of the $4^{th}$ industrial Revolution requires entrepreneurship to the student as one able to produce creative solutions of complex problems embedded in society with active engagement. Maker Education indicates a new educational approach in which students produce a tangible output as a concrete solution to their problems, experiencing spirits of productive failure, sharing and openness with others during the process due to its educational values and effects which are well-matched with entrepreneurship. This study, in this context, aimed to verify the effect of the maker education in the sense of cultivating entrepreneurship: For this purpose, this study conducted a case study of Maker Education to 56 university students during 7 weeks (14 hours) in K university. The results based upon data analysis collected from reflective journals and interviews showed attitude change of the students in terms of entrepreneurship characterized as self-directedness, risk-taking, and creativity. For more active practices of Maker Education in higher education, both instructors' role as the facilitator, and easily and freely accessible Maker Space should be considered.