• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.513-515
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• 2019

Techniques to recognize depth values using Kinect infrared projectors continue to evolve. Techniques to track human movements are being developed from the Marcris method to the Bimarris method. Capture of facial movement using Kinect has disadvantages that are not sophisticated. In addition, a method to control the gestures and movements on the face in real time requires much research. Therefore, this paper proposes a technique to create natural 3D image contents by studying technology to apply and control branding technology to extracted face recognition data using Kinect infrared method.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.51-63
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• 2022

Metaverse provides a simulated environment where a large number of users can participate in various activities. In order for Metaverse to be sustainable, it is necessary to study ethics that can be applied to a Metaverse service platform. In this paper, Metaverse ethics and the rules for applying to the platform are explored. And, in order to judge the ethicality of avatar actions in social Metaverse, the identity, interaction, and relationship of an avatar are investigated. Then, an action-based audit approach to avatar interactions (e.g., dialogues, gestures, facial expressions) is introduced in two cases that an avatar enters a digital world and that an avatar requests the auditing to subjects, e.g., avatars controlled by human users, artificial intelligence (AI) avatars (e.g., as conversational bots), and virtual objects. Pseudocodes for performing the two cases in a system are presented and they are examined based on the description of the avatars' actions.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2009

In this paper, we develop an Intelligent Wheelchair(IW) control system for the people with various disabilities. The aim of the proposed system is to increase the mobility of severely handicapped people by providing an adaptable and effective interface for a power wheelchair. To facilitate a wide variety of user abilities, the proposed system involves the use of face-inclination and mouth-shape information, where the direction of an Intelligent Wheelchair(IW) is determined by the inclination of the user's face, while proceeding and stopping are determined by the shape of the user's mouth. To analyze these gestures, our system consists of facial feature detector, facial feature recognizer, and converter. In the stage of facial feature detector, the facial region of the intended user is first obtained using Adaboost, thereafter the mouth region detected based on edge information. The extracted features are sent to the facial feature recognizer, which recognize the face inclination and mouth shape using statistical analysis and K-means clustering, respectively. These recognition results are then delivered to a converter to control the wheelchair. When assessing the effectiveness of the proposed system with 34 users unable to utilize a standard joystick, the results showed that the proposed system provided a friendly and convenient interface.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.129-134
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• 2009

Recently, percentage of people who use SMS service is increasing. However, it is difficult to express own complicated emotion with text and emoticon of exited SMS service. This paper focuses on that point and practical uses character animation to express emotion and nuance correctly, funny. Also this paper suggests emotion based gesture animation generation system that use character's facial expression and gesture to delivery emotion excitably and clearly than only speaking. Michel[1] investigated interview movies of a person whose gesturing style they wish to animate and suggested gesture generation graph for stylized gesture animation. In this paper, we make focus to analyze and abstracted emotional gestures of Disney animation characters and did 3D modeling of these emotional gestures expanding Michel[1]'s research. To express emotion of person, suggests a emotion gesture generation graph that reflects emotion flow graph express emotion flow for probability. We investigated user reaction for research the propriety of suggested system and alternation propriety.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1172-1178
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• 2018

A system that control computer presentations by using the hand motion recognition and identification is proposed. The system recognizes and identifies various types of motion in hand motion, controlls the presentation without additional control devices. To recognize hand movements, it performs a face and hand region detection. Facial area is detected using Haar classifier and hand region is extracted according to skin color information on HSV color model. The face area is used to determine the beginning and end of hand gestures, the size and direction of motion. It recognizes various hand gestures and uses them to control computer presentations according to the hand motion identification rules that are proposed and set horizontal and vertical axes from the face area. It is confirmed that 97.2% recognition rate is obtained in about 1200 hand motion recognition experiments and the proposed algorithm is valid in presentation control.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

User's sensitivity is recognized as a very important parameter for communication between company, government and personnel. Especially in many studies, researchers use voice tone, voice speed, facial expression, moving direction and speed of body, and gestures to recognize the sensitivity. Multiplex modality is more precise than single modality however it has limited recognition rate and overload of data processing according to multi-sensing also an excellent algorithm is needed to deduce the sensing value. That is as each modality has different concept and property, errors might be happened to convert the human sensibility to standard values. To deal with this matter, the sensibility expression modality is needed to be extracted using technologies like analyzing of relational network, understanding of context and digital filter from multiplex modality. In specific situation to recognize the sensibility if the priority modality and other surrounding modalities are processed to implicit values, a robust system can be composed in comparison to the consuming of computer resource. As a result of this paper, it is proposed how to assign the weight of multiplex modality using implicit data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2011

This study provides a systematic investigation about objective personal image consulting, tool development and image-making research by analyzing the status of the Korean image-consulting industry and education. For the research, we carried out literature surveys of books on image consulting and previous research reports. In particular, we surveyed image consulting businesses that have internet web sites, and educational institutes. The results of the survey are as follows: First, domestic image consulting businesses in Korea are investigated about 93 private companies and 4 associations. They do the image making, color consulting, and education for individuals and business. Second, professional image consulting education is carried out not only in the 93 private companies, but also in the continuing and professional studies for adults of 10 universities. Furthermore, more then 90 universities have specific academic programs related to the image consulting such as facial management, beauty coordination, cosmetology, stylists, fashion events, broadcasting stylists, and so on. Third, a typical image consulting job is the personal shoppers who assists VIP customers in department stores. Professionals and politicians have personal fashion stylists for their image making. Today, the job has expanded to public fashion therapist. Fourth, the contents of an image consulting education have appeared in similar industries and educations. These contents include fashion styles, personal color analysis, make-up, facial expressions, gestures, perfumes, accessories, etc. This study is based on research on the current Korean image-consulting industry, and will enable follow-up details to be implemented. using the basis of this study for a strategic self-image formation system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.327-345
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to carry out cognitive movement therapy program for children with affective and behavioral disorder based on neuro science, psychology, motor learning, muscle physiology, biomechanics, human motion analysis, movement control and to quantify characteristic of expression and gestures according to change of facial expression by emotional change. We could observe problematic expression of children with affective disorder, and could estimate the efficiency of application of movement therapy program by the face expression change of children with affective disorder. And it could be expected to accumulate data for early detection and therapy process of development disorder applying converged measurement and analytic method for human development by quantification of emotion and behavior therapy analysis, kinematic analysis. Therefore, the result of this study could be extendedly applied to the disabled, the elderly and the sick as well as children.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.779-794
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• 2021

In this study, the sales status of female ball-jointed dolls and their parts were investi- gated and analyzed. Baseline data from 194 products and 54 brands on domestic and international Internet sites was gathered for the manufacture of ball-jointed dolls and the development of prototype costumes for them. The results are as follows. First, the sizes used for ball-jointed dolls are SD, USD, MSD, 13SD, and 70SD together with height. This study analyzed 39 sizes (15~70cm) by classifying them into numbered groups: 1 (15~22cm), 2 (23~33cm), 3 (35~51cm), 4 (53~62cm), and 5 (63~70cm). The price varied depending on the size; for example, 50cm dolls were approximately 45,000 won, while limited editions were sold at high prices, regardless of their size. They were classified into designs according to their body proportions and facial features as follows: 7- or 8-head-figure, 5-head figure, and 3-head figure, and were presented proportionally as images of women, adolescents, and infants. Second, the head was incised so that the top could be removed horizontally or the facial region vertically, allowing attachment of the eyeballs (which were either glass, resin, or acrylic) to the inside. More than 30 different colors were sold. Various wig styles were provided, including cut, short hair, and perm. These were made from human hair, heat-resistant fiber, and artificial hair. For the hands, there was a design expressing human hand gestures. For the feet, heels were in the form of wearing either high-heels or flat soles.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.381-398
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• 1990

Nursing involves deep human interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients. But in modem Korea, the nurse - patient relationship tends to be ritualistic and mechanestic. Patients usually express the hope that nurses be more tender and kind. Patients expect nurses to express their warmth especially through nonverbal behaviour. This study was conducted to identify patients' preferences for nurse's nonverbal expressions of warmth. Through the confirmation of these preferences, nurses may learn how to enhance their interpersonal relationships with patients. Subjects for the study were 73 patients who had been admitted to a university teaching hospital for at least three days and agreed to be interviewed by the investigator. The interactions were studied nonverbal expressions of warmth during nursing rounds and administration of oral medication. The interview schedule was expecially designed by the investigator to measure the nurse's posture, the distance between the nurse and the patient, the nurse's eye contact, facial expression, hand motion and head nodding. Data analysis included frequencies, percentages and X²-test. The results of this study may be summerized as follows : 1. Patient's preferences for nurse's nonverbal expressions of warmth during nursing rounds. Preferred nurse's posture was sitting(50.7%) or standing(49.3%) opposite the patient. Preferred distance between the nurse and the patient was close to the bed(93.2%), less than 1m. Preferred eye contact was directed to the patient's eyes or their affected part (41.1%). Preferred facial expression was a smile(97.3%). Preferred hand motions were light gestures(41.1%). Patients preferred head nodding which approved their own opinions(69.9%). 2. Patient's preferences for nurse's nonverval expressions of warmth during administration of oral medication. Preferred nurse's posture was standing and waiting to confirm that the medication had been taken(58.9%). Preferred distance from the patient was at arm's length, 0.5-1m(64.4%). Patients preferred direct eye contact(58.9%) and a smile(94.5%). Patients preferred that the nurse put the medicine directly the patient's hand(64.4%). Whether the nurse nodded her head or not was not considered important. 3. The relation of general characteristics and patient's preferences for nurse's nonverbal expressions of warmth during nursing rounds and administration of oral medication. During nursing rounds, the age of subjects(p＝0.010) and the standard of education(p＝0.026) related to the distance between the nurse and the patient. The sick hospital ward related to the eye contact(p＝0.017) and facial expression(p＝0.010). During administration of oral medication, the age of subjects(p＝0.044) and days of hospital treatment (p＝0.043) and the sick hospital ward(p＝0.0004) related to the facial expression. From this study, nurses can learn what kind nonverbal expressions of warmth are preferred by patients during rounds and administration and thus will enhance nurse- patient interpersonal relationships.