• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.983-989
• /
• 2006

Current emigration and immigration control inspects passports by the naked eye, registers them by manual input, and compares them with items of database. In this paper, we propose the method to recognize information codes of passports. The proposed passport recognition method extracts character-rows of information codes by applying sobel operator, horizontal smearing, and contour tracking algorithm. The extracted letter-row regions is binarized. After a CDM mask is applied to them in order to recover the individual codes, the individual codes are extracted by applying vertical smearing. The recognizing of individual codes is performed by the RBF network whose hidden layer is applied by ART 2 algorithm and whose learning between the hidden layer and the output layer is applied by a generalized delta learning method. After a photo region is extracted from the reference of the starting point of the extracted character-rows of information codes, that region is verified by the information of luminance, edge, and hue. The verified photo region is certified by the classified features by the ART 2 algorithm. The comparing experiment with real passport images confirmed the good performance of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2014.02a
• /
• pp.280-280
• /
• 2014

We report the fabrication and electroluminescent characteristics of GaN/InxGa1-xN microdonut-shaped light-emitting diode (LED) microarrays as variable-color emitters. The diameter, width, height, and period of the GaN microdonuts were controlled by their growth parameters and the geometrical factors of the growth mask patterns. For the fabrication of microdonut LEDs, p-GaN/p-AlxGa1-xN/u-GaN/u-InxGa1-xN heteroepitaxial layers were coated on the entire surface of n-GaN microdonuts. The microdonut LED arrays showed strong light emission, which could be seen with the unaided eye under normal room illumination. Additionally, magnified optical images of microdonut LED arrays exhibited microdonut-shaped light emissions having spatially resolved blue and green colors. Their electroluminescence spectra had two dominant peaks at 460 and 560 nm. With increasing applied voltage, the intensity of the blue emission peak increased much faster than that of the green emission peak, indicating that the color of the LEDs is tunable. We also demonstrated that EL spectra of the devices could be controlled by changing the size of microdonut LEDs. What we want to emphasize here with the microdonut LEDs is that they have additional inner sidewall facets which did not exist for other typical three-dimensional structures including nanopyramids and nanorods, and that InxGa1-xN single quantum well formed on the inner sidewall facets had unique thickness and chemical composition, which generated additional EL color. The origin of the electroluminescence peaks was investigated by structural characterizations and chemical analyses.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.8-20
• /
• 2011

Atmospheric visibility is one of the indicators used to evaluate the status of air quality. Based on a conceptual definition of visibility as the maximum distance at which the outline of the selected target can be recognized, an image analysis technique is introduced here and an algorithm is developed for visibility monitoring. Although there are various measurement techniques, ranging from bulk and precise instruments to naked eye observation techniques, each has their own limitations. In this study, a series of image analysis techniques were introduced and examined for in-situ application. An imaging system was built up using a digital camera and was installed on the study sites in Incheon and Seoul separately. Visual range was also monitored by using a dual technology visibility sensor in Incheon and transmissometer in Seoul simultaneously. The Sobel mask filter was applied to detect the edge lines of objects by extracting the high frequency from the digital image. The root mean square (RMS) index of variation among the pixels in the image was substantially correlated with the visual ranges in Incheon and Seoul with correlations of $R^2$=0.88 and $R^2$=0.71, respectively. The regression line equations between the visual range and the RMS index in Incheon and Seoul were VR=$2.36e^{0.46{\times}(RMS)}$ and VR=$3.18e^{0.15{\times}(RMS)}$, respectively. It was also confirmed that the fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) have more impacts to the impairment of visibility than coarse particles.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.569-576
• /
• 2000

The GST can extract the position of facial features without a prior information in an image. However, this method requires a plenty of the processing time because the mask size to process GST must be larger than the size of object such as eye, mouth and nose in an image. In addition, it has the complexity for the computation of middle line to decide facial features. In this paper, we proposed two methods to overcome these disadvantage of the conventional method. First, we used the reduced image having enough information instead of an original image to decrease the processing time. Second, we used the extracted peak positions instead of the complex statistical processing to get the middle lines. To analyze the performance of the proposed method, we tested 200 images including, the front, rotated, spectacled, and mustached facial images. In result, the proposed method shows 85% in the performance of feature extraction and can reduce the processing time over 53 times, compared with existing method.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2023

Purpose : Sleep disturbances in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are related to health problems after discharge. Therefore, active prevention and management are required. Hence, identification of the factors that affect sleep in patients who are critically ill is necessary. Methods : The PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched. Selection criteria were observational and experimental studies that assessed sleep as an outcome, included adult patients admitted to the ICU, and published between November 2015 and April 2022. Results : A total of 21,136 articles were identified through search engines and manual searches, and 42 articles were selected. From these, 22 influencing factors and 11 interventions were identified. Individual factors included disease severity, age, pain, delirium, comorbidities, alcohol consumption, sex, sleep disturbance before hospitalization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low hemoglobin (Hb), and low respiratory rate (RR). Environmental factors included light level, noise level, and temperature. Furthermore, treatment-related factors included use of sedatives, melatonin administration, sleep management guidelines, ventilator application, nursing treatment, and length of ICU stay. Regarding sleep interventions, massage, eye mask and earplugs, quiet time and multicomponent protocols, aromatherapy, acupressure, sounds of the sea, adaptive intervention, circulation lighting, and single occupation in a room were identified. Conclusion : Based on these results, we propose the development and application of various interventions to improve sleep quality in patients who are critically ill.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2023

The three major sleep disorders in Korea are snoring, sleep apnea, and insomnia. Lack of sleep is the root of all diseases. Some of the most serious potential problems associated with sleep deprivation are cardiovascular problems, cognitive impairment, obesity, diabetes, colitis, prostate cancer, etc. To solve these problems, the Korean government provided low-cost national health insurance benefits for polysomnography tests in July 2018. However, insomnia patients still have problems getting treated in terms of time, space, and economic perspectives. Therefore, it would be better for insomnia patients to be allowed to test at home. The measuring device can measure six biosignals (eye movement, tossing and turning, body temperature, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and audio). A gyroscope sensor (MPU9250, InvenSense, USA) was used for eye movement, tossing, and turning. The input range of the sensor was in 258°/sec to 460°/sec, and the data range was in the input range. Body temperature, oxygen saturation range, and heart rate were measured by a sensor (MAX30102, Analog Devices, USA). The body temperature was measured in 30 ℃ to 45 ℃, and the oxygen saturation range was 0% for the unused state and 20 % to 90 % for the used state. The heart rate measurement range was in 40 bpm to 180 bpm. The measurement of audio signal was performed by an audio sensor (AMM2742-T-R, PUIaudio, USA). The was -42 dB ±1 dB frequency range was 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The measured data was successfully received in wireless network conditions. The system configuration was consisted of a PC and a mobile app for bio-signal measurement and data collection. The measured data was collected by mobile phones and desktops. The data collected can be used as preliminary data to determine the stage of sleep and perform the screening function for sleep induction and sleep disturbances. In the future, this convenient sleep measurement device could be beneficial for treating insomnia.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.579-588
• /
• 2018

Purpose : To analyze the eyeglasses supply system for ametropic soldiers in ROK military. Methods : We investigated and analyzed the supply system of eyeglasses for the ametropic soldiers provided by the Korean military. The refractive powers and corrected visual acuity were measured for 37 ametropic soldiers who wear insert glasses for ballistic protective and gas-masks supplied by the military based on their habitual prescriptions. Full correction of refractive error was prescribed for subjects having less than 1.0 of distance visual acuity, and comparison was held for inspecting the changes in corrected visual acuity. Suggestions were provided for solving the issues regarding current supplying system, and this study investigated the applicabilities for utilizing professional optometric manpower. Results : The new glasses supplied by army for ametropic soldiers were duplicated from the glasses they worn when entering the army. The spherical equivalent refractive powers of the conventional, ballistic protective and gas-mask insert glasses supplied for 37 ametropic soldiers were $-3.47{\pm}1.69D$, $-3.52{\pm}1.66D$ and $-3.55{\pm}1.63D$, respectively, and the spherical equivalent refractive power of full corrected glasses was $-3.79{\pm}1.66D$, which showed a significant difference(p<0.05). The distant corrected visual acuity measured at high and low contrast(logMAR) of conventional, ballistic protective and gas-mask insert glasses were $0.06{\pm}0.80$, $0.21{\pm}0.82$, $0.15{\pm}0.74$, $0.34{\pm}0.89$, $0.10{\pm}0.70$ and $0.22{\pm}0.27$, respectively, while the corrected visual acuity by full corrected glasses were increased to $0.02{\pm}1.05$, $0.10{\pm}0.07$, $0.09{\pm}0.92$, $0.26{\pm}0.10$, $0.04{\pm}1.00$ and $0.19{\pm}1.00$, respectively. There was a significant difference(p<0.05) except for the case of the low contrast corrected visual acuity of the conventional and gas-mask insert glasses. The procedure for ordering, dispensing, and supplying military glasses consists of 5 steps, and it was found that approximately two weeks or more are required to supply from the initial examination. Conclusion : The procedure of supplying the military glasses showed three issues: 1) a lack of refraction for prescription system, 2) relatively long length of time required for supplying the glasses, 3) an inaccurate power of supplied glasses. In order to solve those issues, in the short term, education is necessarily required for soldiers on the measurement of the refractive powers, and in the near future, further standard procedures for prescription of glasses as well as the securement of optometric manpower are expected.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the differences in skin-related habits and skin health behavior according to the gender in college students. The questionnaire surveyed four category on general characteristics, skin-related habits, cosmetic use, and skin care habits. As a result, there were significant differences between gender in smoking(χ²=19.58, p=0.000) and exercise(χ²=17.59, p=0.001) habits. In all categories of cosmetics use, there were significant differences between gender. But both male and female college students were the highest in the 'Not used' and 'Less than once a week" in functional cosmetics, essence, nutritional cream, eye cream, mask pack and deep cleansing items. whereas, there were significant differences between gender in use of sun cream(χ²=31.20, p=0.000). The results of this study showed there were differences in gender according to the survey items. However, female college students were overall better than male college students in skin care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.121-143
• /
• 1982

Many studies have done on Egyptian Clothing because its unique characteristic culture. However, I was facinated by the exhibitions of Tutankhamen burial treasures which were shown in San Francisco and New York in 1978 and 1979. I found out myself that there are several interesting aspects of clothing to compare 18th dynasty king, Tutankhamun and other dynasties in Egyptian culture. Therefore, I tryed to analized the Egyptian clothing including accessaries with theigr symbols durin 18th dynasty King, Tutankhamun. The most of people were shocked and amazed when they toured the exhibition of Tutankhamun articles which were the most incredible burial treasures in existence today. The body of the King has been embalmed, bandaged and fitted in eight layers of coffins with pure gold mask to represent the god Osiris. Among eight layers of coffins, one is pure solid gold in mummiform, two of mummiforms are made of compact wood covered with sheets of gold and inlaid with multi-colored glass-paste and semi-precious stones. The Egyptian belived that the soul continued to exist throughout eternity if it had passed on examination of its deeds on earth at a "Last Judgement" presided over by Osiris. They also believed that the mummified body could exist in the tomb as a habitation that the soul could revisited. Thus a proper burial was vital for a full existence in the hereafter. They buried dead person in the sealed vault of the tomb with some of the possessions he had used during his life time, such as his furniture, clothing and jewels. In this studies, I've tried to research to various clothings, and accessories with their symbols used during 18th dynasty king, Tutankhamun. The studies are shown as: I) Clothings of Tutankhamun dynasity of Kalasiris, Sheath skirt. Gala skirt, Loin skirt, Hike and Dalmatic. The Dalmatic was first seen in this dynasty. Probably the Roman Christian borrowed the Dalmatica from Egyptian Dalmatic. No where has the same design at the period. II) Egyptian of 18th dynasty Tutankhamun wore big headdress, broad collar necklace passium, pendants, armlets, rings and earrings with very beautiful, exquisite handcraft. They seem the first people who wore earrings in Egyptian history. III) The symbols of decorated items vulture, lotus...Upper Egypt Uraeus, papyrus...Lower Egypt scaravaeus, Nile Riber...rebirth man(Ankh), +...eternal life solar disc, gold...sun ostrich-feather...nobleness God, Horus' eye...protection against enemy IV) Also Egyptian prefered the straight line and a right angle which were the basic principles of architectural arrangement.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2015

This study was aimed to investigate factors that affected the status of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for handling poultry carcasses with potential exposure to virulent avian infectious agents. A large outbreak of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in South Korea in 2014. Many public officers participated for euthanizing and handling livestock carcass. However, several safety issues with using PPE were revealed. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 340 people who participated euthanasia and carcass disposal in the place where HPAI mainly occurred in 2014. It was found that 31.8% of the respondents had ever taken off their protective equipment during operations because of its inconvenience. The most inconvenient PPE was goggles (54.6%), followed by mask (20.2%), latex gloves (11.6%), shoe covers (5.9%) and protective clothing (5.3%). The main complaints about this individual PPE was unclear sight, damp emitted toward eye, sweating, tearing easily and sweating, respectively. Considering such problems of PPE, new possible directions for improvement of gloves and goggles were suggested. With newly developed rubber coating fabric gloves and conventionally using latex and fabric gloves, H3N2 influenza virus transmission experiment was conducted. Rubber coating fabric gloves showed similar efficiency for blocking virus transmission with latex laboratory gloves and were not easily torn by sharp claws of chicken. In addition, air flow control safety eyewear was suggested to minimize moisture formation. The air flow control system efficiently suppressed moisture formation inside the goggles. Therefore our study will provide more specific directions about new PPE development for safety protection of actual wearers.