• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.465-469
• /
• 1993

This paper dealt with the histopathological findings on the natural cysticercosis in pigs. Three cases of porcine cysticercosis, which had been kept in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cheju. University more than ten years, were histopathologically examined in order to see the host reaction to the parasite. Capsules containing scolex were mainly found in the fascia of skeletal muscle, heart, and brains. Microscopically, cysticerci in the epicardium and the fascia of skeletal muscles were encapsulated with fibroblasts and collagen fibers. Around capsules, there was infiltration of eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, although the degree and severity of inflammatory reaction varied case by case. Cerebral cortex also had the inflammatory exudate of lymphoid cells in the vicinity of the scolex. whereas perivascular lymphocytic cuffings were commonly seen around capsules. GFAP immunoreactive fibers formed a limiting membrane along the outer side of capsules. There was also proliferation of GFAP-positive astrocytes encirling infiltrating lymphocytes around vessels. In the central nervous system, astrocytes and lympoid cells play an important role in the demarcation of cysts and local immunity, respectively. In conclusion, host tissue reaction in porcine cysticercosis seemed to vary significantly according to the affected organs of pigs. It is assumed that capsules containing worms seemed to be formed at early stage of cysticercosis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.64-68
• /
• 2000

The immunopotentiating effects of the polysaccharides, both intracellular and extracellular, was examined by an animal feeding test. The results are summarized as follows. The oral administration of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Agrocybe cylindracea for 10 days resulted in the enhanced phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells(PEC), spleen cells(SC), and monolymphocytes(ML). In the experiment of PFC(plaque forming cell) and RFC(rosette forming cell), the results showed that all the polysaccharide fractions enhanced the immune related cells. The EAC II group(the extracellular polysaccharide of Agrocybe cylindracea 10 mg/0.2 ml distilled water/day/ mouse) increased the PFC and RFC by 46~50% and 43%, respectively, compared to the control group. On the other hand, the IAC I group(the intracellular polysaccharide of Agrocybe cylindracea 1 mg/0.2 ml distilled water/day/mouse) increased the PFC and RFC by 49~70% and 91%, respectively. In terms of the mitogenic activity, the extracellular polysaccharides of A. cylindracea showed a higher activity than the intracellular polysaccharides.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 1991

Morphological changes of starch granules from 12 different varieties of rice were examined by scanning electron microscopy during heating at 2.5% (w/v) concentration. Rice starch granules proceeded through a similar pattern of progressive morphological changes daring heating, regardless of variety. Rice starch granules began to swell radially in the initial stage of gelatinization and then undergo radial contraction and random tangential expansion to form complex structures in the latter stage of gelatinization temperature range. At higher temperatures, starch granules softened and melted into thin flat discs, and then stretched into thin filaments to form three-dimensional networks. These progressive morphological changes were reflected in the changes of swelling power, solubility and amylograph viscosity of starch. During the transition of melting or softening, swelling power, solubility and amylograph viscosity increased rapidly. The time of loss of granular structure of starch depended on gelatinization temperature range. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin was largely responsible fur the rate of melting or softening and the fineness of a three-dimensional filamentous network above the gelatinization temperature range. Therefore, both the gelatinization temperature range and amylose content of starch affect the rate of cooking, and amylose content of starch affects the final texture of cooked starch paste.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.2 s.57
• /
• pp.93-97
• /
• 2006

Staphylococcus aureus is found on the skin of $78{\sim}100%$ of children and adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) but only on the skin of $2{\sim}25%$ of healthy subjects. It is known that S. aureus and their endotoxins as superantigen have important roles in the exacerbation and prolongation of AD. This study was carried out for the detection of S. aureus in the skin of AD, age, sex, outbreak age of AD, treatment duration, aggravation season, and the relation of ooze and S. aureus. Most patients (84%) with AD show colonization of the skin with S. aureus and there is a correlation between the degree of colonization and the serous exudate. It seems likely that the inhibition of S. aureus is associated with improvement in the skin of AD patients.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.24 no.2 s.77
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 1996

To find compounds of immunomodulating and anti-allergic function, effects of protein-bound polysaccharides extracted from Phellinus igniarius (PI), Fomitella fraxinea (FF) and Agrocybe cylindracea (AC) on hemagglutinin titer (HA), hemolysin titer (HY), plaque forming cell (PFC), rosette forming cell (RFC) and phagocytosis were investigated in BALB/C mice. The oral administration of the protein-bound polysaccharides of PI, FF and AC for 10 days resulted in the enhanced phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), spleen cells (SC) and blood lymphocyte cells (BLC). Moreover, PI showed the activating effect on the phagocytosis of PEC and AC in SC. In the experiment of PFC and RFC, the results of the experimental group which was given each samples as compared to the control group, showed the enhanced level of activity such as PI 130%, FF 90% and AC 70%. Generally, HY and HA showed from ten to hundred times of level in each sample groups, as compared to the control group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.645-652
• /
• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of bovine amniotic membrane grafts on healing of full-thickness skin wound in dogs. Two $3cm{\times}3cm$ area-matched full-thickness skin wounds were induced bilaterally on the dorsolateral aspect of the trunk of 15 dogs. Chlorhexidine-treated amnion, dried amnion, silver sulfadiazine and 0.9% sterile saline solution were applied on the wound area and examined grossly and histopathologically. Begining 14 days after wounding, amnion applied group had appreciably less amount of inflammatory exudate and hemorrhage than sulfadiazine and saline treated groups. From 14 days after wounding, the degree of wound contraction in amnion groups, especially in the dried amnion group was greater than that of the sulfadiazine and saline treated groups. The percentages of wounds completely healed on 28 days after wounding in saline treated group, chlorhexidine-treated amnion group, dried amnion group and sulfadiazine treated group were 33%, 50%, 83% and 50%, respectively. Microscopically neovascularization and fibrosis were first noticed on 5 days after wounding in the dried amnion group and sulfadiazine treated group, on 7 days in the chlorhexidine-treated amnion group and on 14 days in the saline treated group. Epithelialization in the dried amnion and sulfadiazine treated groups was first noticed on 9 days after wounding, which was faster than that in the other groups. The present study suggests that bovine amniotic membrane, especially dried bovine amnion is effective on healing of full-thickness skin wound in dogs through both wound contraction and epithelialization.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.350-356
• /
• 2017

We previously reported that the CopA3 peptide (LLCIALRKK, ${\small{D}}-form$) originally isolated from the Korean dung beetle has antimicrobial and immunosuppressive effects. However, the high cost of producing the synthetic peptide, especially the ${\small{D}}-form$, has limited the development of CopA3 for therapeutic purposes. Here, we investigated whether the CopA3 deletion derivative, CopA5, which is composed of only five amino acids (LLCIA) and has the ${\small{L}}-form$ structure, could inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of macrophages. Peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) were isolated from mice and exposed to LPS in the presence or absence of CopA5, and biomarkers of macrophage activation were measured. Our results revealed that LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ secretion, and phagocytic activity of PEM were significantly inhibited by CopA5 treatment. Similar to CopA3, the structurally modified CopA5 peptide had no cell toxicity (as assessed by measurement of cell viability loss and apoptosis) in PEM. Moreover, the LPS-induced upregulation of the activating phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was markedly inhibited by CopA5 treatment. These results suggest that, similar to CopA3, CopA5 inhibits macrophage activation by inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation and blocking the release of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$. CopA5 may therefore prove therapeutically useful in the realm of immune suppression.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 1976

The phenomenon of sail sickness in the continuous cropping of ginseng is n serious problem for the cultivation practices and is an unelucidated subject scientifically. Present study is concerned mainly with ecochemical search on the cause of soil sickness in the continuous cropping of ginseng and the obtained results are summarized as follows: The humic substances isolated from both cultivated and uneulvidated soils with ginseng were compared with respect to its IR spectra but any difference which may be causative of sail sickness between them was not detected. In contrast, same saponin-like substances extracted from the ginseng cultivate soil in root tone were detected but not from the uncultivated soil. Presumably. the saponin like substances in the soils are originate) from the ginseng radices and are accumulaetd in root zone year by year, while the interrelation between the root exudate of ginseng and soil sickness is still obscure. According to a survey on the distributive Pattern of microflora in rhizosphere of ginseng radices the number of fungi is relatively diminished with the cul tivation years, while the number of actinomycetes is increased. It is supposed that the soil sickness in the continuous cropping of ginseng has any correlation between the activities of microflora in rhizosphere and the reef exudates.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.128-137
• /
• 1997

The effects of cylindan, a polysaccharide isolated from the basidiocarps of Agrocybe cylindracea, on murine sarcoma 180 tumor and murine immune cells were examined after intraperitoneal administration. Cylindan exhibited a marked life extension effect in mice against ascite forms of sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung carcinoma at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, although it did not show any direct cytotoxicity against sarcoma 180, X5563, and MM46 murine tumor cells. Cylindan increased numbers of bone marrow stem cells as well as peritoneal exudate cells in flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. The tumor bearing mice group apparently showed the increase of macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mouse spleen cells during the early stage of tumor growth. But during the later stage, the control group decreased immune cells and cylindan restored the decreased immune cells in the tumor bearing mice to the normal level. In non-specific immune response, cylindan stimulated the bacterial phagocytosis and acid phosphatase production in macrophages. It also activated components of the alternative complement pathway and natural killer activity against YAC-1 lymphoma. In number of plasma cells as token of stimulation of the differentiation of B lymphocytes. In cellular immunity, cylindan restored the depressed response of delayed type hypersensitivity in the tumor bearing mice to 60% of the normal level and increased the interleukin-2 (IL-2) responsiveness in the IL-2 dependent CTLL-2 cells. These results suggest that cylindan did not show direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells but restored the decreased immune response of the tumor bearing mice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.636-640
• /
• 2001

Ovarin hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), an iatrogenic complication of ovarian stimulation, shows varying degrees of clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of OHSS is an increase of vascular permeability resulting in hypovolemia, thromboembolism, ARDS, and death in sometimes. Pleural effusion is also a result of an increase of vascular permeability in the pleura. Thoracentesis is sometimes required to relieve dyspnea. We report a case of OHSS with bilateral exudative pleural effusion in a 23 year-old female with resting dyspnea. She was received clomiphen, FSH, and LH for the treatment of irregular menstruation twenty days previously. The ultrasonogram showed severe ascites and bilaterally huge ovary, and chest radiography showed bilateral effusion. Therapeutic thoracentesis and paracentesis were done for relief of the dyspnea. Two weeks later the bilataral effusion and symptoms disappeared spontaneously.