• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine how adolescent children's exposure experience of domestic violence influences their psycho-social maladjustment. The SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used to analyze data obtained through 589 adolescents who attend middle school in Gwangju area. Major findings are as follows: 1. Domestic violence exposure in adolescent children was considerably serious; 84.4% child abuse by parents, 66.0% witness of father-to-mother abuse. 2. Child abuse and wife abuse had close relation in occurrence and severity. 3. Internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social competence of adolescents were different by the victim of child abuse, the witness of wife abuse, and the style of domestic violence exposure. 4. Domestic violence exposure had a positive impact on the adolescent children's psycho-social maladjustment.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2007

Replication of the factor structure of the TBAQ(Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire Goldsmith, 1988) in Korean 2-year-old children was examined by Multitrait Multimethod matrix of observed and reported child behavior. Participants included 113 toddlers and their mothers. Three factors comprising 63 items were identified and labeled as easy, difficult and fearful. On the Child Behavior Checklist(Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983) difficult temperament was positively related to externalizing while fearful temperament was positively related to internalizing problems. Observation of inhibited child behavior in both unfamiliar social and nonsocial situations demonstrated a positive relationship to observed inhibition of fearful temperament. Easy temperament correlated negatively with both social inhibition and internal behavior problems. Results supported construct validity of TBAQ factors for Korean 2-year-old children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2011

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to verify discriminant validity and the clinical cutoff score of Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 in the diagnosis of developmental delayed infants. Methods:The participants were screened by Denver II which includes 156 developmental delayed infants and 288 normal infants. Chi-squared test, t-test, ROC curve analysis, odds ratio analysis were performed on the data. Results:Only 47 items out of 99 items among the CBCL 1.5-5 of total groups, 36 items of boys and 48 items of girls, discriminated developmental delayed infants well. Discriminant validity was confirmed by mean differences on the subscales of Withdrawn, Sleep Problems, Attention Problems, Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Total Problems, DSM Pervasive Developmental Problems and DSM Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems between the two groups. Additionally, ROC analyses demonstrated that Withdrawn, Attention Problems, Internalizing Problems, Total Behavior Problems and DSM Pervasive Developmental Problems significantly predicted developmental delayed infants compared to normal infants. Also, the clinical cutoff score criteria adopted in the Korean CBCL 1.5-5 for subscales of Withdrawn, Attention Problems, Internalizing Problems, Total Behavior Problems and DSM Pervasive Developmental Problems were shown to be valid. Conclusion:The subscales of Withdrawn, Attention Problems, Internalising Problems, Total Behavior Problems and DSM Pervasive Developmental Problems significantly discriminated in the diagnosis of developmental delayed infants well.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.139-164
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• 2007

본 논문은 대구광역시 교육청이 독서치료 시범학교로 지정한 중학교의 독서치료 프로그램 운영효과를 분석한 것이다. 참여 학생은 77명이며 내재화 문제와 외현화 문제를 개선하기 위한 두 개의 프로그램에 분리 배치되었으며 각각 15회 실시되었다. 두 프로그램은 각 문제 영역에서 매우 긍정적이며 통계적으로 유의한 효과를 얻었으며, 독서치료 목표와 독서자료에 따라 뚜렷한 효과의 차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서 독서치료는 내재화 문제, 여학생에게 더 큰 효과가 있었다. 독서치료 프로그램은 독서태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으므로 발달적 독서치료는 향후 자가 독서치료로 발전할 수 있도록 독서교육과 연계될 필요가 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

We investigated the effects of maternal parenting behaviors, children's emotional regulation, and stress coping strategies on gender-specific children's behavioral problems. The participants were 191, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ graders and their mothers from four elementary schools in Seoul and Kyung-gi province. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and hierarchical regressions. The major findings were summarized as follows: (1) Active coping strategies explained boys' aggressive behaviors, (2) mother's warm-encouragement parenting behaviors and active coping strategies explained boys' delinquent behaviors, (3) mother's warm-encouragement parenting behaviors explained boys' withdrawn behaviors, and (4) mother's mediation-supervision parenting behaviors and negative emotionality explained girls' aggressive behaviors. In conclusion, maternal parenting behaviors, children's emotional regulation and stress coping strategies have gender-specific influence on children's behavioral problems.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권10호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2016

Purpose: We investigated behavioral problems, attention problems, and cognitive function in children and adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Forty-six SGA children born at term and 46 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children born at term were compared. Psychiatric symptoms were examined with reference to the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist, Korean-Youth Self Report, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). Cognitive function was estimated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Sociodemographic data were recorded from interviews. Results: SGA children had high scores on delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, and the externalizing scale, and they also showed a propensity for anxiety and depression. The SGA group had a higher mean ADHD-RS score than the AGA group ($10.52{\pm}8.10$ vs.$9.93{\pm}7.23$), but the difference was not significant. The SGA group had a significantly lower verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) than the AGA group, but the mean scores of both groups were within normal limits. Conclusion: This study indicates marked behavioral problems, such as delinquency, aggressiveness, and anxiety and depression, as well as low verbal IQ in the SGA group than in the AGA group. Even in cases in which these symptoms are not severe, early detection and proper treatment can help these children adapt to society.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2004

This study aimed to find the general tendencies of parental family-of-origin experiences and conflict and their children's behavioral problems as a function of a child's sex, as well as the causal relationships among these variables. Three hundred and five 4th and 5th graders filled out the Korean Version of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist. Parents of these children answered the Family-of-Origin Scale and Marital Conflict Inventory. The results were as follows. 1) Fathers experienced more of emotional cut-off from their family of origin than mothers did. However, mothers had more of triangulation and emotional separation from their family of origin than fathers did. 2) Both fathers and mothers reported that mothers had more of marital conflicts. 3) Daughters showed more physical symptoms than sons while sons showed more delinquent behaviors. 4) While parental experiences from the family-of-origin effected the parents' marital conflicts, they didn't influence the children's behavioral problems through marital conflicts.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

Objectives : Art and culture education might play a good role in children's emotions ; however, few studies to verify this have been conducted. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of an art and culture education program on behavior and social skills in children aged 7-10 years. Methods : Fifteen children (mean age $7.31{\pm}0.95$ years) were recruited from a community center and participated in an art and culture education program. The participants received a once a week program for 17 sessions, and we compared scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales (SSIS-RS) before and after intervention. Results : The participants' subscale scores of CBCL-aggressive behavior, social immaturity, internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, total behavior problems and social skill scores on the SSIS-RS showed improvement (p<.05) after 15-weeks of the art and culture education program. Conclusion : These results suggest a positive effect of an art and culture education program on the reduction of externalizing and internalizing behaviors and improvement of social skills in children. Further prospective, controlled studies in large samples are needed in order to confirm our findings.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

연구목적 본 연구는 자기보고식 다면적 인성 검사 청소년용 재구성판(MMPI-A-RF)의 내재화 및 외현화 상위 척도의 임상적 유용성을 살펴보고자 부모 보고식 한국판 아동-청소년 행동평가 척도(K-CBCL)의 내재화 및 외현화 척도와 비교하였다. 방 법 내재화 장애 청소년 43명, 외현화 장애 청소년 44명과 그 부모를 대상으로 MMPI-A-RF와 K-CBCL을 실시하였다. 내재화 및 외현화 장애 집단별 MMPI-A-RF와 K-CBCL의 내재화 및 외현화 척도 간 차이를 검증하기 위해 독립표본 t 검증을 실시하였고 두 평가 도구 간 일치도를 비교하기 위하여 상관 분석을 실시하였다. 더불어 내재화 및 외현화 장애를 유의하게 예측하는 척도를 탐색하기 위하여 단계적 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 내재화 장애 집단에서 MMPI-A-RF와 K-CBCL의 내재화 척도 점수가 외현화 장애 집단보다 유의하게 높았고 외현화 장애 집단에서는 외현화 척도 점수가 내재화 장애 집단보다 유의하게 높았다. 상관 분석 결과, 두 집단 모두 MMPI-A-RF와 K-CBCL 간 내재화 척도에 대해서만 유의한 정적 상관 관계를 보였다(각각 r=0.360, p<0.05; r=0.572, p<0.05). 또한 회귀 분석 결과, 내재화 및 외현화 장애를 유의하게 예측하는 척도는 MMPI-A-RF의 내재화, 외현화, K-CBCL의 외현화 척도 순이었다(R²=0.407, p<0.05). 결 론 MMPI-A-RF의 내재화 및 외현화 상위 척도는 청소년 내재화 및 외현화 장애의 각 특징적인 증상들을 신뢰롭게 잘 반영하고 두 장애를 구분하는 데 유용한 평가 도구임을 밝혔다. 더불어 청소년이 외현화 문제를 보이는 경우, 부모가 평가한 K-CBCL의 외현화 척도로 추가적인 정보를 얻는 데 도움을 얻을 수 있겠다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.218-228
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• 2003

목 적：본 연구에서는 정신과를 방문한 아동들의 정서 및 행동 문제와 어머니의 우울증, 양육 스트레스간의 관계를 알아보고, 특히, 이러한 변인들이 어머니의 양육 스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 방 법：DSM-IV 진단 준거에 근거한 정신과 전문의의 소견과 심리학적 평가에 의해 외현화 행동 장애, 내면화 행동 장애, 혼재형 행동 장애로 각각 진단된 73명의 아동과 그 어머니들을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 아동의 어머니는 다면적 인성검사(MMPI)와 한국아동인성검사(KPI-C) 및 양육스트레스 척도(PSI)를 작성하였고, 변량분석, 상관분석, 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과：외현화 행동 장애와 내면화 행동 장애, 혼재형 행동 장애를 가진 아동의 각 집단별 어머니들의 우울감은 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 양육 스트레스를 종속변인으로한 2요인 변량분석 결과, 외현화 행동장애와 혼재형 행동장애에서 아동 영역 양육 스트레스 하위 요인 중 주의산만/과잉행동 요인이 내현화 행동장애 아동보다 더 심각한 스트레스로 작용하였고, 어머니의 우울 여부의 주효과는 전반적 양육 스트레스 총점, 부모 영역 양육 스트레스 총점, 부모 영역 양육 스트레스의 하위 요인 중 우울, 부모의 건강, 배우자와의 관계의 요인에서 각각 유의미하였다. 아동의 증상 심각도가 양육 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 아동 영역 양육 스트레스에 대해서는 아동의 과잉행동과 불안이, 부모 영역 양육 스트레스에 대해서는 어머니의 우울 수준이 각각 유의미한 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론：본 결과는 우울한 어머니들의 경우, 아동의 증상 심각도 보다는 어머니의 우울 수준이 전반적인 양육 스트레스에 더 많은 영향을 미치므로, 우울한 어머니들에서는, 아동의 증상에 대한 치료와는 별도로 어머니의 심리적 적응에 개별적인 치료적 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.