• 제목/요약/키워드: external radiation exposed dose

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영광 원자력 발전소 주변 환경 방사능 측정에 관한 연구 (The study on Measuring of Environmental Radioactivity in the Vicinity of Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant)

  • 박종섭
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.273-280
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    • 1999
  • In order to protect inhabitans' health and to collect data for prediction of the effcts from accidental emission of rasioactive materials from nuclear power plant, exposed dose rate be monitored within the limit dose rate. This research was carried out to investigate the accumulation of environmental radioactivity around Younggwang Nuclear Power Plant, and to infer and in infer and assay the additional exposed dose rate of inhabitants in Younggwang site from the operation of nuclear plant operation. External radiation dose rate, radiation environmental samples, and exposed dose rate of inhabitants in Younggwang site were investigated for estimaing environment activity in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant area. For the external radiation dose rate, the result showed that range of normal variation was found and any artificial radioisotope was not deteted in the analysis of environmental samples. Exposed dose rate of inhabitants was lower than 0.4% of the limit value of ICRP and it may be concluded that there was no effect on inhabitants and environment from the operation of nuclear power plant.

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방사선피폭관리시스템를 위한 D-Shuttle 선량계의 방사선 선량측정 (Radiation Dose Measurement of D-Shuttle Dosimeter for Radiation Exposure Management System)

  • 권대철
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.321-328
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    • 2017
  • D-Shuttle (Chiyoda Technol Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) 선량계를 이용하여 개인피폭관리 및 자연방사선량의 모니터링을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. D-Shuttle을 이용하여 선량을 산출하였다. 선량보고서에서 400 일 노출되었을 때에 1.346 mSv 이었고, 연간선량 (annual dose per year)은 1.228 mSv/year, 평균시간선량 (average dose per hour)은 $0.014{\mu}Sv/hr$ 이었다. 국내의 개인 외부피폭선량 (1.295 mSv/year =Korea average natural individual external dose), 국내의 연간부가선량 (additional dose per year)은 -0.0663 mSv/year 이다. D-Shuttle은 방사선모니터링을 위한 개인선량계로 방사선의 검출성능 우수한 기능, 실시간 방사선 피폭관리, 방사선 작업의 경보 기능, 효율적이고 사용이 편리한 개인 방사선선량의 피폭관리로 ALARA에 매우 유용한 선량계로 사용할 수 있다. 방사선작업종사자와 지역주민의 방사선모니터링 측정기기로 병원, 산업, 의료현장, 원전사고 지역과 비파괴 분야의 위험한 지역에서 방사선모니터링으로 활용될 수 있다.

핵의학 종사자에서 손 부위의 외부 피폭선량 연구 (Study of External Radiation Expose Dose on Hands of Nuclear Medicine Workers)

  • 박준철;표성재
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.141-149
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    • 2012
  • 최근 최첨단 핵의학 영상기술의 발달로 임상적 이용이 증가되어 방사선 선원을 취급하는 핵의학과 작업종사자의 몸통 부위와 손 부위에 노출되는 외부 피폭선량을 평가하고 검사 빈도가 높은 전신 뼈검사(Whole body Bone Scan)와 양전자 단층촬영(PET/CT)시 방사선 선원($^{99m}Tc$-HDP, $^{18}F$-FDG)의 취급 및 검사에 따른 손 부위 피폭선량을 측정하고자 한다. 방사선 선원 취급 시 방호구 착용 및 손 부위를 측정 할 수 있는 선량계 보유 여부를 알아보기 위해 4개의 의료기관에 설문 하였다. 방사선 선원을 직접 분주하고 주사하는 숙련된 작업종사자의 가슴과 약지손가락에 열형광 선량계을 착용하여 누적된 외부 방사선 선량을 측정하고 손 부위의 외부 방사선량 측정을 위해 구간별 일일 방사선 선원으로부터 노출되는 선량과 시간을 포켓도시메터를 이용하여 각각 측정 하였다. 인천광역시 4개 의료기관을 대상으로 조사한 결과 손 부위의 방사선 피폭선량 측정기를 구비한 의료기관은 1곳을 제외한 3곳은 구비하지 않았고 차폐기구 사용은 방사선 선원으로부터 몸통을 보호하기 위해 차폐기구를 사용한 곳이 대부분 이었고, 일부 의료기관에서는 사용하지 않는 곳도 있었다. 방사선 선원을 직접 분배하고 투여하는 핵의학과 작업종사자의 손 부위 외부피폭 선량은 몸통부위보다 약 2배 이상 많은 선량을 받았고, 검사 빈도가 높은 전신 뼈 검사와 양전자 단층촬영 시 각 구간별 외부피폭 선량을 보면 방사성의약품 합성 및 분배용기 장착, 분배, 투여, 이동 순으로 각각 나타났다. 또한 방사선 선원 투여시 방호구 착용 전/후 손 부위의 피폭선량을 측정한 결과 통계적 유의한 차이가 있었다. 연구결과 작업종사자의 유효선량에는 못 미치지만 비 작업종사자보다 비교적 높은 선량을 받고 있어 방사선 선원을 근거리에서 노출되는 작업종사자는 안전관리 규정을 준수하고 손 부위 선량계(Ring TLD)를 착용하여 방사선 선원으로부터 피폭 저감을 위한 활동을 하여야 한다.

PET-CT 검사 환자의 외부 방사선량률 변화 (Changes in External Radiation Dose Rate for PET-CT Test Patients)

  • 김수진;한은옥
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.103-107
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    • 2012
  • PET-CT 검사 환자의 피폭선량 감소를 위한 기초자료 제공의 일환으로 PET-CT 검사 환자의 방사선량률의 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. PET-CT 검사 환자의 방사선량률을 측정한 결과 이론과 같이 방사성의약품이 투여된 환자로부터 거리가 멀수록, 시간이 지날수록 방사선량률은 감소되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 신체부위에 따라서는 방사성의약품 정맥 주사 즉시인 약 4.17분에서는 흉부, PET-CT 검사 전 배뇨 후인 약 77.47분 이후부터는 두부가 가장 높게 나타났다. 일반화되어 있는 정보와 같이 PET-CT 검사 환자로부터 받는 방사선 피폭량을 감소시키기 위해서는 보호자나 방사선작업종사자가 환자로부터 거리를 멀리하거나 방사능이 감소된 이후의 시간부터 접촉하는 것이 바람직하다. 불가피한 접촉이 필요하다면 가능한 거리는 200 cm이상을 확보하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 초기에는 흉부, 방사성의약품 투여 후 약 77분 이후부터는 두부에 방사선량률이 높기 때문에 환자 신체적 특징을 고려한 접촉도 함께 이루어진다면 최적화 달성에 도움이 될 것이라고 보여 진다. 본 연구에서 도출된 PET-CT 검사 환자의 거리, 시간, 신체부위에 따른 방사선량률 변화를 알 수 있다는 점에서 연구에 의의가 있다고 본다. 향후 연구에서는 본 연구에서 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 환자 개인특성에 따른 방사선량률의 변화 차이를 분석하여 환자, 보호자, 종사자의 피폭선량 감소에 활용할 수 있도록 지속적인 연구가 수행되는 것이 필요하다고 본다.

양전자단층촬영(PET)시 환자의 특성에 따른 외부 방사선량률 측정 (Measuring external Radiation dose Ratio by Traits of Patients during Positron Emission Tomography(PET))

  • 조용귀;김성철;안성민
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제13권12호
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    • pp.860-868
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    • 2013
  • PET/CT Torso를 위해 방사성의약품($^{18}F$-FDG) 투여 후 환자 개인의 특성에 따라 환자로부터 방출되는 외부 방사선량률을 여러 가지 방법으로 측정하여 방사선 선원으로부터 안전성을 확보하고, 경각심을 제공함으로서 방사선 노출에 의한 작업종사자와 환자 보호자, 수시출입자 등의 피폭선량을 저감하기 위함이다. 2013년1월에서 6월까지 PET Torso를 시행하는 환자들 중 80명을 대상으로 방사성의약품을 투여 후 환자의 체형(비만도), 수분 공급, 신장 상태, 방사성의약품 투여량에 따라 시간 변화에 의한 환자로부터 방출되는 외부 방사선량률을 각각 측정 하였다. 방사성의약품 투여 직후부터 환자 개인의 특성에 따라 외부 방사선량률을 측정한 결과 방사성의약품 투여량이 증가할수록 외부 방사선량률이 높았고, 환자 체형에 따른 외부 방사선량률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 수분을 공급 했을 때와 신장이 정상일 때가 그렇지 않을 때 보다 외부 방사선량률이 낮았다. 방사선 안전관리를 준수하기 위하여 방사선 작업종사자는 선원을 취급하기 전 충분한 교육과 모의 훈련을 통해 작업시간을 최소화 할 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이며, 개인 방사선 방호구를 착용하여 외부 방사선원으로부터 피폭을 최소화 시켜야 한다.

스마트칩 카드을 이용한 광 자극 발광 특성 연구 (A Study on Retrospective of External Radiation Exposure Dose by Optically Stimulated Luminescence of Smart Chip Card)

  • 박상원;유세종
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.379-385
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    • 2019
  • Radiation is used for various purposes such as cancer therapy, research of industrial and drugs. However, in case of radiation accidents such as terrorism, collapsing nuclear plant by natural disasters like Fukushima in 2011, very high radiation does expose to human and could lead to death. For this reason, many people are concerning about radiation exposures. Therefore, assessment and research of retrospective radiation dose to human by various path is an necessary task to be continuously developed. Radiation exposure for workers in radiation fields can be generally measured using a personal exposure dosimeter such as TLD, OSLD. However, general people can't be measured radiation doses when they are exposed to radiation. And even if radiation fields workers, when they do not in possession personal dosimeter, they also can't be measured exposure dose immediately. In this study, we conduct retrospective research on reconstruction of dose after exposure by using smart chip card of personal items through Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). The OSL signal of smart chip card shows linear response from 0.06 Gy to 15 Gy and results of fading rate 45 %, 48% for 24 and 48 hours due to the natural emission of radiation in sample, respectively. The minimum detectable limit (MDD) was 0.38 mGy. This values are expected to use as correction values for reconstruction of exposure dose.

Risk Assessment from Heterogeneous Energy Deposition in Tissue. The Problem of Effects from Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation

  • Le, Feinendegen;J, Booz
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 1992
  • Low doses of ionizing radiation from external or internal sources cause heterogeneous distribution of energy deposition events in the exposed biological system. With the cell being the individual element of the tissue system, the fraction of cells hit, the dose received by the hit, and the biological response of the cell to the dose received eventually determine the effect in tissue. The hit cell may experience detriment, such as change in its DNA leading to a malignant transformation, or it may derive benefit in terms of an adaptive response such as a temporary improvement of DNA repair or temporary prevention of effects from intracellular radicals through enhanced radical detoxification. These responses are protective also to toxic substances that are generated during normal metabolism. Within a multicellular system, the probability of detriment must be weighed against the probability of benefit through adaptive responses with protection against various toxic agents including those produced by normal metabolism. Because irradiation can principally induce both, detriment and adaptive responses, one type of affected cells may not be simply summed up at the expense of cells with other types of effects, in assessing risk to tissue. An inventory of various types of effects in the blood forming system of mammals, even with large ranges of uncertainty, uncovers the possibility of benefit to the system from exposure to low doses of low LET radiation. This experimental approach may complement epidemiological data on individuals exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation and may lead to a more rational appraisal of risk.

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The Effects of MRI on Mouse Embryos During Fetal Stage

  • Nakamura, Takashi;Ryu, Myung-Sun;Sakazaki, Takahiko;Itokawa, Yuka;Maenaka, Toshihiro;Masubuchi, Takashi;Sekimoto, Hiroyuki;Kanehara, Masayuki;Kang, Young-Nam;Gu, Yeun-Hwa
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 2006
  • The effects of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on mouse embryos at the early stage of organogenesis were investigated. Pregnant ICR mice were exposed on day 8 of gestation to MRI at 0.5 T for 0.5 hour to 3 hours. The mortality rates of embryos or fetuses, the incidence of external malformations, fetal body weight and sex ratio were observed at day 18 of gestation. A significant increase in embryonic mortality was observed after exposure to either 0.5 T MRI for 0.5 hour or 2 hours. However, the exposure to MRI for 1 hour or 3 hours did not induce any significant increase in embryonic mortality when compared with control. External malformations such as exencephaly, cleft palate and anomalies of tail were observed in all experimental groups exposed to each MRI. A statistically significant increase of external malformations was observed in all groups treated with 0.5 T MRI for 0.5 hour and 3 hours. The incidence of external malformations in the mice group exposed to 0.5 T MRI for 0.5-hour was found to be higher than those of mice group exposed to 0.5 T MRI for 2 hours. The effects of MRI on the external malformations might not to be dose-dependent. There was no statistically significant difference in fetal body weight and sex ratio among each MRI exposure groups.

Quantitative Evaluation of Radiation Dose Rates for Depleted Uranium in PRIDE Facility

  • Cho, Il Je;Sim, Jee Hyung;Kim, Yong Soo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.378-383
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    • 2016
  • Background: Radiation dose rates in PRIDE facility is evaluated quantitatively for assessing radiation safety of workers because of large amounts of depleted uranium being handled in PRIDE facility. Even if direct radiation from depleted uranium is very low and will not expose a worker to significant amounts of external radiation. Materials and Methods: ORIGEN-ARP code was used for calculating the neutron and gamma source term being generated from depleted uranium (DU), and the MCNP5 code was used for calculating the neutron and gamma fluxes and dose rates. Results and Discussion: The neutron and gamma fluxes and dose rates due to DU on spherical surface of 30 cm radius were calculated with the variation of DU mass and density. In this calculation, an imaginary case in which DU density is zero was added to check the self-shielding effect of DU. In this case, the DU sphere was modeled as a point. In case of DU mixed with molten salt of 50-250 g, the neutron and gamma fluxes were calculated respectively. It was found that the molten salt contents in DU had little effect on the neutron and the gamma fluxes. The neutron and the gamma fluxes, under the respective conditions of 1 and 5 kg mass of DU, and 5 and $19.1g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$ density of DU, were calculated with the molten salt (LiCl+KCl) of 50 g fixed, and compared with the source term. As the results, similar tendency was found in neutron and gamma fluxes with the variation of DU mass and density when compared with source spectra, except their magnitudes. Conclusion: In the case of the DU mass over 5 kg, the dose rate was shown to be higher than the environmental dose rate. From these results, it is concluded that if a worker would do an experiment with DU having over 5 kg of mass, the worker should be careful in order not to be exposed to the radiation.

Assessment of occupational radiation exposure of NORM scales residues from oil and gas production

  • EL Hadji Mamadou Fall;Abderrazak Nechaf;Modou Niang;Nadia Rabia;Fatou Ndoye;Ndeye Arame Boye Faye
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제55권5호
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    • pp.1757-1762
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    • 2023
  • Radiological hazards from external exposure of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) scales residues, generated during the extraction process of oil and gas production in southern Algeria, are evaluated. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured using high-purity gamma-ray spectrometry (GeHP). Mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, found in scale samples are 4082 ± 41, 1060 ± 38 and 568 ± 36 Bq kg-1, respectively. Radiological hazard parameters, such as radium equivalent (Raeq), external and internal hazard indices (Hex, Hin), and gamma index (Iγ) are also evaluated. All hazard parameter values were greater than the permissible and recommended limits and the average annual effective dose value exceeded the dose constraint (0.3 mSv y-1). However, for occasionally exposed workers, the dose rate of 0.65 ± 0.02 mSv y-1 is lower than recommended limit of 1 mSv y-1 for public.