• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2009

Nontraumatic intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) attributable to the thoracolumbar dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) has been extremely rare. A 41-year-old male patient was admitted with severe acute headache, neck stiffness, and pronounced low-back pain radiating to both legs. The T2-weighted MR imaging showed irregular signal void and enlarged, varix like pouch formation with spinal cord compression at the T11-12 level. The angiogram revealed a DAVF. We report a DAVF case with SAH that revealed an extensive infarction from C5 to the conus medullaris after undergoing operative treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

The macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MVPC) is characterized by macrofollicles occupying more than half of the tumor and demonstrating nuclear features of classic papillary carcinoma. It is difficult to recognize on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology due to the paucity of aspirated neoplastic cell clusters, especially when the tumor is associated with extensive areas of hemorrhage. Case: A 34-year-old female presented with a well-demarcated nodule in the thyroid gland, diagnosed as a benign nodule on ultrasonography and computed tomography. FNA cytology smear revealed a few small aggregates of follicular cells with morphological features suspicious for papillary carcinoma, set in a background of hemorrhage, inflammatory cells, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Intraoperative frozen section revealed macrofollicular nests filled with hemorrhage and composed of follicular cells demonstrating nuclear clearing and grooves. Conclusion: MVPC is a rare but distinctive variant of papillary carcinoma, which is easily mistaken for adenomatous goiter or benign macrofollicular neoplasm on radiologic findings. The cytopathologist should alert oneself on encountering benign radiologic findings and any smear composed of scant numbers of follicular cells with nuclear features suspicious for papillary carcinoma despite the bland-looking background of hemorrhage and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and recommend intraoperative frozen sections for a definite diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.601-606
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• 1997

Mulberry heart disease was associated with vitamin E and selenium deficiency of pigs. Anatomical findings of this disease were hydropericadium, extensive patchy hemorrhage of epicardium, endocardium, and discoloration of dark red color of myocardium. In histological findings were characterized by acute myocardial degeneration, extensive hemorrhage, fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles, PAS positive material deposition of arterioles and capillary thrombosis. In affected herds, feed and serum tocopherol and selenium concentration were less than normal values.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.5
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• 2023

Two 1-year-old Korean native steers in the same herd presented severe hemorrhagic diarrhea. Case 1 had severe dehydration and died after 3 days, whereas case 2 had anorexia, depression, and severe diarrhea with mucus and blood. Only case 2 was necropsied, and bovine viral diarrhea virus-2a (BVDV2a) was detected in the tissues of its alimentary tract. Gross lesions, including erosion, ulceration, and extensive hemorrhage, were observed in the digestive tract mucosa. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked positive staining for BVDV2a antigen in the large intestine. These findings are indicative of hemorrhagic disease caused by BVDV2a in a native Korean steer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.228-231
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• 2007

The intracranial hemorrhage in regions remote from the site of initial operations is unusual but may present as fatal surgical complication. We report a rare case of multiple, sequential, remote intracranial hematomas after cranioplasty in a patient who did not have any prior risk factors. A 51-years-old man was transferred to the hospital after a head trauma. The brain computed tomography (CT) revealed acute subdural hemorrhage on the right hemisphere with prominent midline shifting. After performing decompressive craniectomy and hematoma removal, the patient recovered without any complications. However, the patient showed neurological deterioration immediately after cranioplasty, which was done three months after the first surgery. There was extensive hemorrhage in the posterior fossa remote from the site of the initial operation site. The brain CT taken soon after removing this hematoma evacuation displayed large epidural hematoma on the left hemisphere. This case represents posterior fossa hemorrhage after supratentorial procedure and sequential delayed hematoma on the contralateral supratentorial region thus seems very rare surgical complications. Despite several possible pathogenetic mechanisms for such remote hematomas, there are usually no clear cut relationships with each case as in our patient. However, for the successful outcome, prompt evaluation and intensive management seem mandatory.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.117-120
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• 2024

Fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) is a relatively common finding during prenatal examinations and occurs in approximately 0.2% of live births. Although there are various causes, obstructive VM due to cerebellar hemorrhage is exceedingly rare. A 33-year-old primigravida presented at 32 weeks of gestation with VM. At 36 weeks of age, a male infant was delivered via cesarean section. Postnatal imaging revealed severe bilateral hydrocephalus and space-occupying lesions in the cerebellum. Initial concerns about a potential germ cell tumor were raised due to elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. An external ventricular drain was placed to manage obstructive hydrocephalus. When the baby was 1 month old, surgical exploration revealed an old blood clot without any evidence of a tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed an old hemorrhage with no malignant cells. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges in distinguishing between hemorrhages and tumors in the context of fetal VM. Despite elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels, no tumors were identified. The underlying cause of cerebellar hemorrhage remains unclear despite extensive workups. Nevertheless, this case report details multifaceted diagnostic efforts to address the rare occurrence of cerebellar hemorrhage related to fetal VM, leading to a comprehensive case presentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.835-845
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• 2023

Traumatic pelvic injuries usually include high-energy crush injuries and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mortality rates range from 6% to 15% and increase to 36%-54% in cases of fractures that result in increased pelvic volume. Therefore, retroperitoneal hemorrhage can spiral and progress to hemorrhagic shock. Pelvic hemorrhage most commonly occurs secondary to disrupted pelvic veins or fractured bones, and 10%-20% of cases involve arterial injuries. Owing to extensive bleeding and limitations of surgery for pelvic hemorrhage, interventional treatment is at the forefront of pelvic hemorrhage management. CT is an accurate indicator of active hemorrhage in patients with pelvic trauma that affects the diagnosis and management, including interventions. Identification of the site of hemorrhage is necessary for focused interventional treatment. The current trend toward a more conservative approach for treatment of pelvic trauma and advances in interventional radiology in the field of pelvic trauma may favor widespread use of interventional treatment for patients with pelvic injuries. In this review, we discuss therapeutic modalities available to the interventional radiologist and common angiographic treatment strategies and techniques.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.423-426
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• 2012

Spinal infection is an inflammatory process around the vertebral body, and it can extend to the epidural space, posterior elements and paravertebral soft tissues. Infectious spondylitis is a rare infectious disorder, which is often associated with significant neurologic deficits and mortality. When an extensive soft tissue defect is accompanied by infectious spondylitis, effective infection control and proper coverage of soft tissue are directly connected to successful outcomes. However, it is not simple to choose the appropriate treatment methods for infectious spondylitis accompanied by a soft tissue defect. Herein, we report a case of severe infectious spondylitis that was accompanied by an extensive soft tissue defect which was closed with a reverse latissimus muscle flap after traumatic spinal epidural hemorrhage.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2006

Compartment syndrome has a wide spectrum from muscle pain to a life- threatening condition, such as acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to compartment syndrome has not been reported. We report a patient who presented with ICH leading to death. A 25-year-old female with no significant past history developed extensive compartment syndrome followed by rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, DIC, and ICH. Although the patient underwent a fasciotomy and hemodialysis and received aggressive resuscitation with massive transfusions of blood and intravenous fluids, she died. This case stresses the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment of compartment syndrome to prevent devastating complications.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.27-30
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• 2019

Parathyroid adenoma can cause extracapsular bleeding. In 1934, Capps first reported a case of massive hemorrhage secondary to rupture of a parathyroid adenoma. Recently, we experienced a 73-year-old female presented with pharyngeal discomfort and extensive ecchymosis over the neck without history of trauma. Endoscopic investigation revealed submucosal hemorrhage in the posterior wall of the hypopharynx. CT scan and ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of a mass below the left thyroid lobe. Serum calcium level was normal and PTH level was elevated. We underwent left thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy 2 weeks later from first visit. During the operation, hypopharyngeal mucosa was teared and it was treated with pharyngostoma formation and L-tube feeding. We report a rare case of normocalcemic parathyroid adenoma with spontaneous hemorrhage and propose the proper management period with a literature review.