• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2001

As part of continuing efforts to investigate nonlinear dynamics and stability of film casting process, our earlier results obtained by Lee et al. (2001b) have been extended in the present study to cover the film casting of both extension thickening and extension thinning fluids. The same instability mechanism and draw resonance criterion previously derived have been found valid here, and a rather complex dynamic behavior of film width in contrast to that of film thickness has also been confirmed. The effect of fluid viscoelasticity on draw resonance, however, exhibits opposite results depending on whether the fluid is extension thickening or thinning, i.e., it stabilizes film casting in the former while destabilizing in the latter. The encapsulation extrusion method which recently has been successfully employed to stabilize industrially important paper coating process, has been theoretically explained in the present study as to why such stabilization is possible.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

The sensitivity of the product to the ongoing sinusoidal disturbances of the process has been investigated in the film casting of viscoelastic polymer fluids using frequency response analysis. As demonstrated for fiber spinning process (Jung et al., 2002; Devereux and Denn, 1994), this frequency response analysis is useful for examining the process sensitivity and the stability of extensional deformation processes including film casting. The results of the present study reveal that the amplification ratios or gains of the process/product variables such as the cross-sectional area at the take-up to disturbances exhibit resonant peaks along the frequency regime as expected for the systems having hyperbolic characteristics with spilt boundary conditions (Friedly, 1972). The effects on the sensitivity results of two important parameters of film casting, i.e., the fluid viscoelasticity and the aspect ratio of the casting equipment have been scrutinized. It turns out that depending on the extension thinning or thickening nature of the fluid, increasing viscoelasticity results in enlargement or reduction of the sensitivity, respectively. As regards the aspect ratio, it has been found that an optimum value exists making the system least sensitive. The present study also confirms that the frequency response method produces results that corroborate well those by other methods like linear stability Analysis and transient solutions response. (Iyengar and Co, 1996; Silagy et al., 1996; Lee and Hyun, 2001).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.589-598
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• 2012

This research was studied to find out the best ingredients for making demi-glace sauce, using the thickening agent with glutinous rice, non-glutinous rice, brown rice, and black rice, and to look into the quality characteristics. The moisture of demi-glace sauce depending on the thickening type was that the roux added cereals was higher than the control. In addition, it was increased depending on the extension of the storage time. The control was the highest on pH and acidity. On variation depending on the storage time, all of the experimental groups showed decrease on pH. Demi-glace sauce with brown rice and black rice roux showed increase of acidity. The DPPH radical was not tended to be decreased in the experimental group, but it was rapidly decreased in the control, depending on the extension of the storage time. Demi-glace sauce with non-glutinous rice was the highest on Hunter's color L value and generally increased according to the storage time. Also demi-glace sauce with glutinous rice was the highest on 'a' value and 'b' value but was decreased according to the storage time. The control was highest on viscosity, and demi-glace sauce with non-glutious and black rice roux were low on the variation of viscosity depending on the storage time. Increment of total bacteria in demi-glace sauce with black and brown rice roux was relatively lower than the control on storage stability test, and demi-glace sauce with brown rice roux got the highest point after swallow, taste and overall of sensory evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.205-207
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• 2014

Meningioma is a common primary tumor of central nervous system. However, extracranial extension of the intracranial meningioma is unusual, and mostly accompanied the osteolytic change of the skull. We herein describe an atypical meningioma having extracranial extension with hyperostotic change of the skull. The patient was a 72-year-old woman who presented a large mass in the right frontal scalp and left hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans revealed an intracranial mass, diffuse meningeal thickening, hyperostotic change of the skull with focal extension into the right frontal scalp. She underwent total removal of extracranial tumor, bifrontal craniectomy, and partial removal of intracranial tumor followed by cranioplasty. Tumor pathology was confirmed as atypical meningioma, and she received adjuvant radiotherapy. In this report, we present and discuss a meningioma en plaque of atypical histopathology having an extracranial extension with diffuse intracranial growth and hyperostotic change of the skull.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2006

This study presents results on the numerical simulation of Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow in a channel obstructed by an asymmetric array of obstacles for clarifying the descriptive ability of current non-Newtonian constitutive equations. Jones and Walters (1989) have performed the corresponding experiment that clearly demonstrates the characteristic difference among the flow patterns of the various liquids. In order to appropriately account for flow properties, the Navier-Stokes, the Carreau viscous and the Leonov equations are employed for Newtonian, shear thinning and extension hardening liquids, respectively. Making use of the tensor-logarithmic formulation of the Leonov model in the computational scheme, we have obtained stable solutions up to relatively high Deborah numbers. The peculiar characteristics of the non-Newtonian liquids such as shear thinning and extension hardening seem to be properly illustrated by the flow modeling. In our opinion, the results show the possibility of current constitutive modeling to appropriately describe non-Newtonian flow phenomena at least qualitatively, even though the model parameters specified for the current computation do not precisely represent material characteristics.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

The sensitivity of the final filament to the ongoing sinusoidal disturbances has been Investigated in the viscoelastic spinning using frequency response method. Amplification ratios or gains of the spinline cross-sectional area at the take-up to any disturbances show resonant peaks along the frequency regime, where the frequencies at theme points directly correspond to the imaginary parts of the successive leading eigenvalues from the linear stability analysis. As shown in Jung et al. (1999) and Lee et al (2001), the sensitivity results on the effect of various process conditions such as spinline cooling and fluid viscoelasticity, obtained by dynamic transient simulation have been corroborated in this study. That is, increasing spinline cooling makes the system less sensitive to disturbances, thus stabilizes the spinning. Also, an increasing viscoelasticity for extension-thickening fluids decreases the sensitivity of the spinning. i.e., stabilizing the system, where, as it increases the sensitivity of the spinning of extension-thinning fluids. Furthermore, it has been found in the present study that the inertia force as one of secondary forces causes the system to be more stabile or less sensitive to process disturbances.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.82-84
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• 2014

We report a case with dysphagia for solids. A 51-year-old man with benign esophageal stricture was transferred for endoscopic treatment. He had lye ingestion history at 9 years old and underwent esophagectomy with right colonic interposition for the treatment of the benign esophageal stricture. But his symptom was acting up 2 years ago and lasted afterward even though he had underwent endoscopic treatments for dysphagia several times, including balloon dilation and stent insertion. He had polypoid enhancing wall thickening around anastomosis site of stomach with perigastric soft tissue density and suspicious nodular extension to omentum on the small bowel computed tomography. So he had a surgical resection of small bowel and jejunojejunostomy, and the pathological result was adenocarcinoma, intestinal type with soft tissue infiltration. Later he underwent total gastrectomy with segmental resection of interpositional colon and segmental resection of duodenum and ileo-colic anastomosis revision. And recently he has been on chemotherapy.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2008

During an experimental investigation on a 3-bladed and a 4-bladed axial inducer, a severe surge instability was observed in a range of cavitation number where the blade passage is choked and the inducer head is decreased from noncavitating value. The surge was stronger for the 4-bladed inducer as compared with a 3-bladed inducer with the same inlet and outlet blade angles. For the 4-bladed inducer, the head decreases suddenly as the cavitation number is decreased. The surge was observed after the sudden drop of head. This head drop was found to be associated with a rapid extension of tip cavity into the blade passage. The cause of surge is attributed to the decrease of the negative slope of the head-flow rate performance curve due to choke. Assuming that the difference between the 3 and 4-bladed inducers is caused by the difference of the blockage effects of the blade, a test was carried out by thickening the blades of the 3-bladed inducer. However, opposite to the expectations, the head drop became smoother and the instability disappeared on the thickened blade inducer. Examination of the pressure distribution on both inducers could not explain the difference. It was pointed out that two-dimensional cavitating flow analyses predict smaller breakdown cavitation number at higher flow rates, if the incidence angle is smaller than half of the blade angle. This causes the positive slope of the performance curve and suggests that the choked surge as observed in the present study might occur in more general cases.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

The colonization of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices BEG110 in the soil caused a decrease in disease severity in cucumber plants after fungal inoculation with Colletotrichum orbiculare. In order to illustrate the resistance mechanism mediated by G. intraradices BEG110, infection patterns caused by C. orbiculare in the leaves of cucumber plants and the host cellular responses were characterized. These properties were characterized using transmission electron microscopy on the leaves of cucumber plants grown in soil colonized with G. intraradices BEG110. In the untreated plants, inter- and intra-cellular fungal hyphae were observed throughout the leaf tissues during both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of infection. The cytoplasm of fungal hyphae appeared intact during the biotrophic phase, suggesting no defense response against the fungus. However, several typical resistance responses were observed in the plants when treated with G. intraradices BEG110 including the formation of sheaths around the intracellular hyphae or a thickening of host cell walls. These observations suggest that the resistance mediated by G. intraradices BEG110 most often occurs in the symplast of the host cells rather than in the apoplast. In addition, this resistance is similar to those mediated by biotic inducers such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

Radiographic findings of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the coxofemoral joints were studied in 108 dogs referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were identified with a extended ventrodorsal projection. Clinical signs such as pain in the affected joint, exercise intolerance, lameness, crepitation on flexion and extension of the joint and decreased range of motion, were shown in 40% and radiographic changes of bilateral coxofemoral joints were identified in 69% of a group of dogs. There are no sex predilections. Thirty-seven dogs were diagnosed as canine hip dysplasia (CHD; 10 cases), avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calves-Perthes disease [LCPD]; 12 cases), fracture of the acetabulum (1 case), luxation(10 cases) and subluxation (15 cases), however, luxation and subluxation were identified in 11 dogs affected with CHD and LCPD. Causes of DJD in others (71case) were not identified. Radio-graphic findings identified included osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule (70%), sclerosis of the subchondral bone of the cranial acetabular edge (47%), remodeling of the femoral head (34%), thickening of the femoral neck(31%), perichondral osteophyte formation (31%), joint laxity (30%) and so on. All of the dogs diagnosed as CHD were large breed such as Retriever, Germain Shepherd, and Weimaraner and their age was under 1 year. This condition occurred bilaterally in 70% of affected animals. Dogs diagnosed as LCPD were young (under 1 year), small breed dogs. The incidence of LCPD is greater in Yorkshire Terrier, Miniature Pinscher and Poodle. This condition occurred unilaterally in 67% of affected animals. Clinical signs of dogs with unknown cause were shown in 15% and this condition occurred bilaterally in 75% of affected animals. Radiographic findings varied with patient's age and breed, however, the most common finding was osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule.