• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.1 s.26
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

Hydrogen is considered to be the most important future energy carrier in many applications reducing significantly greenhouse gas emissions, but the safety issues associated with hydrogen applications need to be investigated and fully understood to be applicable as the carrier. Therefore, there is a considerable demand for further research concerning the dispersion of hydrogen/air mixture clouds and the possible consequences of their ignition. In this study, the dispersion of hydrogen gas in atmosphere has been analysed with atmospheric condition by concerning the buoyancy of hydrogen. The hazard ranges to wind direction increase with wind speed and the stability of atmosphere. The concentration of hydrogen at just above ground is nearly zero due to buoyancy of hydrogen gas. Therefore, the ignition probability of hydrogen gas cloud is low and the hazard of explosion or fire associated with hydrogen gas is relatively low comparing with the other fuel gas such as propane or butane.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.75-80
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• 2015

Aluminum dusts, from micro to nano-scale, are widely used in various applications such as propulsion and pyrotechnic compounds because of high burning rate. In this study, the pyrolysis hazard of aluminum dusts with different median size (sized by 70 nm, 100 nm, $6{\mu}m$, $15{\mu}m$) were investigated experimentally. The thermal decomposition characteristics of aluminum dusts with the variation of heating rate were investigated using TGA (Thermo gravimetric analysis) and was estimated the minimum ignition temperature from temperature of weight gain in nano and micro-sized aluminum dusts with different diameter. In the same condition of heating rate, the temperature of weight gain in aluminum dust layers increased with increasing of particle size and increased with increasing of heating rates in air. From the results, it was estimated that the pyrolysis hazard of aluminum dusts decrease with increasing of mean diameter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to assess thermal hazards of polystyrene polymerization process by bulk polymerization with accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC) and Multimax reactor system(MM). From this study, we found out that the polymerization process should be operated at reaction temperature of $120^{\circ}C{\sim}130^{\circ}C$. At reaction temperature over $130^{\circ}C$, there was a runaway reaction hazard due to the temperature control failure following a viscosity increase of reaction products. With a cooling failure of a reactor in the early stage of process operation at the reaction temperature ($120^{\circ}C{\sim}130^{\circ}C$), there was a high thermal hazard of burst of a reactor's rupture disk or explosion of a reactor caused by the rapid rise of temperature and pressure to $340^{\circ}C$, 5.3 bar respectively within 30 - 50 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2011

Without a special mineral resources in Korea, such as petrochemical industries, electronics and automotive industries to supply the basic material, but remains a key industry locations. Gongjeongsang dealing with hazardous materials, such as a fire or explosion hazard, and from this site sangjonhae safety regulations to protect human and material disaster prevention activities are focused. However, depending on the actual implementation of standardized safety regulations as necessary if not originally intended, proper objectivity and reliability of safety regulations, as well as impaired resulting in a waste of public and private administrative power and petrochemical industries and the competitiveness of the entire drop factor will. Accordingly, this study petrochemical plant is applied to a representative safety regulations, items for their safety are needed and these regulations as being implemented that was identified, according to a study, some of the need for regulation and implementation both in terms of reliability was low.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2021

We investigated experimentally the ignition characteristic of dust and the hazard evaluating for electrostatic discharge. The ignition energy experiments were performed on sample dusts such as PE(HD), PE(LD), PMMA using the MIKE-3 apparatus. The formation of flame during the ignition of PE(HD) dust clouds occurred after the delay time of about 8 ms, and the flame kernels were not observed in center of ignition occurrence area. The voltage increased with increasing the number of dust dispersions and the increase rate of measured voltage with dust concentration was the highest in the order of PMMA, PE(LD) and PE(HD). For the effect of dispersion condition on the voltage in PE(HD) dust, the results were obtained that the voltage increased as the number of dispersions increased and as the concentration increased under the same dispersion number. The safety voltages to prevent fire and explosions by electrostatic ignition were estimated that PE(HD), PE(LD)-1, PE(LD)-2, and PMMA were 2.58, 44.72, 25.82, and 8.16 kV, respectively. We proposed the method for estimating the minimum ignition energy by using the measured voltage data for efficient investigation of electrostatic ignition hazard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

Anyone who wants to install local ventilation system must obtain a permission from the Ministry of Employment and Labor even if he has permission from the Ministry of Environment. This is because not only the Atmospheric Environmental Protection Act, but also the manufacturing industry's hazardous risk prevention plan under Article 48 Clause 2 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act is to be submitted by 15 days before the construction. Under the current Environmental Protection Act, the Ministry of Environment regulates only the emission of pollutants from local exhaust ventilation systems into the atmosphere and the contents of workers' safety and health within industrial sites are managed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Even with the approval of the Ministry of Environment, the number of unsuccessful cases by the Ministry of Employment and Labor has increased, causing a growing discontent among the sites due to production delays and additional costs of improvement. In addition, local exhaust systems that are at greater risk of fire explosion have increased the risk of severe industrial accidents due to fire explosion. This is due to insufficient design of air volume, control speed, return speed, duct size, and risk of fire explosion. This is because the criteria and procedures for approval of local exhaust ventilation systems are similar, but the Industrial Safety and Health Act adds additional screening items for safety and safety of workers and fire and explosion. In this study, the Environment Ministry and the Employment and Labor Ministry seek to find a reasonable way to operate the system by comparing local exhaust ventilation system installation approval standards.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.413-416
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• 2007

To construct road spatial information database, it is the main object of this study that an analysis of road factors and furthermore this is used to the rescue activities in case of urban disasters. When urban disasters such as earthquake or explosion cause fire and collapses people of the affected region happen to evacuate. But only to manage roads and monitor traffic volume, the road data is designed and managed using digital topographic map so it is short that the design of road spatial data to prevent disasters. In this study, we tried to suggest the evaluative factors of evacuation to design database : road width, traffic volume, the fixed or movable obstacles installed, the surrounding environments that dominate the land-use planning, the uses, materials, structures, sizes, and densities of the buildings. Thus, these could provide fundamental data to determine the disasters management planning for evacuation and rescue activities, to evaluate the riskiness, and to draw up hazard information map.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07e
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• pp.1749-1751
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• 1998

Close to high power radio/radar transmitters there is a possibility that sparks may be occur at discontinuities in metallic structures. If these structures are in an area in which a flammable mixture may be present, there is a possibility that a fire or explosion may be caused by the sparking. A number of assessment procedures for quantification of the hazard have been produced. This paper reviews the bases of the British Standard covering ignition hazards by radio-frequency radiation and presents some ignition test apparatus to access these hazards.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.371-375
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• 2011

전지는 고에너지 밀도 제품으로 화학에너지를 전환시켜 전기에너지를 운반하는 것이다. 본 실험에서는 리튬 이온전지의 열적 안정성의 위험을 평가하기 위하여 리튬이온 전해액을 Differential Scanning Calorimeter(DSC)와 modified cloed pressure vessel test(MCPVT)로 분석하였다. 실험 결과 리튬전지는 다른 전지보다 위험하며, 전지를 잘못 사용하면 열적 반응성은 연소성 물질인 전해질을 포함하고 이것이 열을 발생시켜 폭발하거나 화재가 발생할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.91-99
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• 2008

The identification of thermal hazards associated with a process such as heats of reaction and understanding of thermodynamics before any large scale operations are undertaken. The evaluation of thermal behavior with operating conditions such as a reaction temperature, stirrer speed and reactants concentration in neutralization process of pigment plant are described. The experiments were performed by a sort of calorimetry with multimax reactor system The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of heat of reaction in terms of safety reliability to be practical applications. It suggested that we be proposed safe operating conditions and securities for accident prevention on reactor explosion through this study.