• 임상간호연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.279-293
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean nursing work environment scale for critical care nurses (KNWES-CCN) and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 46 preliminary items were selected using content validity analysis of experts on 64 candidate items derived through literature reviews and in-depth interviews with critical care nurses. 535 critical care nurses from 21 hospitals responded to the preliminary questionnaire from February to March 2021. The collected data were analysed using construct, convergent and discriminant validities, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The 23 items in 4 factors accounted for 55.6% of the total variance were identified through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA was performed with maximum likelihood method including direct oblimin method. In the confirmatory factor analysis, KNWES-CCN consisted of 21 items in 4 factors by deleting the items that were not meet the condition that the factor loading over .50 or the squared multiple correlation over .30. This model was considered to be suitable because it satisfied the fit index and acceptable criteria of the model [𝒳²=440.47 (p<.001), CMIN/DF=2.41, GFI=.86, SRMR=.06, RMSEA=.07, TLI=.90, CFI=.91]. The item total correlation values ranged form .32 to .73 and its internal consistency was Cronbach's α=.92. The reliability of the test-retest correlation coefficient was .72 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was .83. Conclusion: The KNWES-CCN showed good validity and reliability. Therefore, it is expected that the use of this scale would measure and improve nursing work environment for critical care nurses in Korea.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.922-931
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• 2015

To investigate and analyze the influence of trust on consumer satisfaction in rice cake cafe menus using domestically grown food ingredients, this study divided selection attributes of rice cake cafe menus into safety, nutrition, ethicality and marketability through an exploratory factor analysis and analyzed reliability and correlation among these variables. As a result, these four factors were adopted as selection factors, and the results of the correlation analysis among the variables showed that the four factors were statistically correlated with trust and customer satisfaction. The result of validity and reliability testing on consumer trust showed that the menus were reliable and trustworthy as they had been made using domestically grown agricultural products. Analysis of how cafe selection attributes affect trust showed that the these variables had a significantly positive influence on trust in the order of safety, marketability, nutrition, and ethicality. The influence of the selection attributes on customer satisfaction was statistically significant, and the independent variables had a significantly positive influence on trust in the order of marketability, ethicality, safety, and nutrition. In verifying the mediation effect of trust on customer satisfaction, the four factors of rice cake cafe selection attributes had statistically significant mediation effects.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2014

This study aims to devise a tool which can identify the concept of 'consumption happiness' and to develop a standardized scale to measure consumption happiness. How can we measure consumption happiness? Based on it, the concept and perspective of consumption happiness was formed and then the scale for measuring it was developed. To develop the scale, questions were extracted through a literature survey, an FGI interview was conducted and validity was verified through experts' opinions. Then the scale was developed by conducting a questionnaire survey for consumers. For the analysis of the research, SPSS 20. 0 for Windows and AMOS 17.0 were used and 500 consumers responded to an online survey. In order to examine the general characteristics of the investigation object, the technical statistics of frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation were performed. To develop the research, test-retest correlation, item-to-total correlation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. The final 20-item consumption happiness scale, which consisted of four factors, was constructed in the end.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.913-927
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• 2010

This study investigates the influence of Likert scale formats such as the number of response categories and the inclusion of a mid-point from a methodological point of view using instruments that measure a fashionmarketing-related subject. Using a self-administered questionnaire, 201 respondents rated their economic clothing shopping orientation on three formats of scales that differed only in the number of response categories (ranging from 5 to 7) from February 8 to February 12, 2010. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank order correlation, t-test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha were used in the analysis. The results are as follows. First, three scale formats were generally suitable for use due to validity and reliability. Second, the response results varied with the number of categories and the inclusion of a mid-point, although the differences were statistically insignificant (with only a few cases that differed). Third, construct validity was more secure in scales with fewer categories, whereas convergent and discriminant validity was generally good in all scale formats. Fourth, reliability coefficients were higher in scales with more categories. Fifth, the number of categories was of greater importance to instrument design than the inclusion of a mid-point. Implications for appropriate scale designs are suggested in this study.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 Savickas 등(2018)이 개발한 학생진로구성검사(Student Career Construct Inventory, SCCI)를 한국어로 번안한 한국판 학생진로구성검사(K-SCCI)의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 530명의 대학생을 대상으로 문항의 내용분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 준거타당도 검증 등을 실시하였다. 문항의 내용분석과 탐색적 요인분석의 결과 K-SCCI는 4요인 모형과 18문항이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 4가지 요인은 직업적 자기개념 구체화, 직업탐색행동, 진로결정, 직업훈련으로 명명하였다. 4요인 모델의 적합도를 검증하기 위해 확인적 요인분석을 수행한 결과 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 척도의 준거타당도를 검증하기 위해 관련 척도와의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 학생진로구성은 취업불안과는 부적상관을 진로적응력과는 정적상관을 보였다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2024

Objective : The objective of this study is to create questionnaires for Social Capital (SCQ) and Built Environment (BEQ) that can be utilized as protective factors for mental health. Methods : A total of 426 adults aged 18 or older, residing in 'D' Metropolitan City in Korea, were included as subjects in this study. Data for subjective evaluation of social capital and built environment were collected through an online survey. Various statistical analyses, such as reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis between PHQ-9 and GAD-7, were conducted. Results : The Cronbach's α values for SCQ and BEQ were 0.94 and 0.90, respectively, indicating good reliability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that SCQ consisted of 4 factors, explaining a total of 71.91%, while BEQ consisted of 4 factors, explaining a total of 62.18%. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that both questionnaires had a reasonable configuration, with TLI, CFI, and RMSEA values at an appropriate level. Additionally, both SCQ and BEQ showed negative correlations with depression and anxiety. Conclusion : This study has developed a tool for measuring social capital and the built environment in Korea. It also demonstrates the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. The use of this tool could greatly support preventive mental health interventions within the community.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2021

Purpose: This study explored how and why young and middle-aged adults disclose depressive feelings to others. In particular, we investigated the role of social norms to see whether using mobile instant messaging (MIM) could lower the perceived barriers of emotional disclosure. Furthermore, the motivations of emotional disclosure via MIM were compared between young and middle-aged adults. Methods: A total of 255 Koreans (128 middle-aged people, 127 young adults) participated in an online survey. Pearson's correlation coefficients, paired t-tests, SPSS PROCESS macro, and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the relationships among the key variables. Results: The perceived social norms were found to be a significant deterrent in disclosing depressive feelings to others. However, there was a significant interaction effect between generations and perceived social norms. Although young adults with low social norm awareness were more likely to disclose depressive feelings via MIM, emotional disclosure among middle-aged adults increased with higher levels of perceived social norms. Also, different motivations were observed. Conclusion: The results confirmed the significant effect of social norms as well as generational differences when using MIM as a channel of emotional disclosure.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.45-70
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 음악을 개인적, 사회적, 문화적 목적으로 사용하는 개인의 성향을 측정하기 위해 음악 기능 척도(RESPECT-Music)를 한국어로 번안 및 타당화하고, 정서적 적응과의 관계를 탐색하였다. 대학생 212명으로 구성된 표본 A를 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였고, 대학생 296명으로 구성된 표본 B를 대상으로 확인적 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석 및 정서적 적응 변인과의 상관분석을 하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과 한국어로 번안된 음악 기능 척도는 원 척도와 동일하게 배경 음악, 가치 발달, 집중 향상, 춤 유도, 가족과의 유대, 문화적 정체성 반영, 정치적 태도 표현, 스트레스 해소, 정서 전달, 친구와의 유대의 10요인으로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 10요인 35문항 모형의 적합도가 적절하였고, 문항 신뢰도도 양호하였다. 정서적 적응 변인들과 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 음악 기능 척도는 정적 정서, 재해석 정서조절 방략, 정서개선 신념과 유의한 정적 상관을 보여 대체적으로 정서적 적응과 연관 있는 것으로 나타났다. 10개 하위요인 중 춤 유도 기능이 정서적 적응과 가장 뚜렷한 연관성을 나타냈으며 정치적 태도 표현 기능은 예외적으로 정서적 적응과 상반되는 결과를 나타냈다. 연구 결과를 음악 기능의 세 차원으로 설명하면, 음악을 개인적, 사회적 목적으로 사용할수록 정서적 적응 수준이 높았고, 문화적 목적으로 사용하는 것은 정서적 적응과의 관련성이 낮았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.709-715
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to consider the influence of person-environment fit in the family restaurants on employees' stress. Based on total 274 samples obtained from empirical research from March 20 to April 10, 2013, self-administrated questionnaires were completed by patrons in metropolitan area and data were analysed by frequency, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multi-regression analysis. Results of study were as follows: From the exploratory factor analysis of the variables, 4 factors, i.e. person-organization fit(3 variables), person-job fit(3 variables), person-supervisor fit(3 variables), and employees' stress(5 variables) were extracted. The results showed that employees' person-organization fit was significant differences according to gender(male $4.43{\pm}1.45$; female $4.83{\pm}1.34$; p<0.05). In terms of employees' person-supervisor fit was significant differences according to age(20' $3.08{\pm}0.99$, 30' $3.52{\pm}0.10$; 40' $3.71{\pm}1.07$; p<0.05). Also, the person-job fit(${\beta}$=-0.472; p<0.001), and person-supervisor fit(${\beta}$=-0.285; p<0.001) among the person-environment fit had a significant negative effect on employees' stress. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2018

Background: Organizations are pursing complex and diverse aims to generate higher profits. Many workers experience high work intensity such as workload and work pressure in this organizational environment. Especially, psychological burden is a commonly used term in workplace of Republic of Korea. This study focused on defining the psychological burden from the perspective of occupational safety and health and tried to develop a scale for psychological burden. Methods: The 48 preliminary questionnaire items for psychological burden were prepared by a focus group interview with 16 workers through the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and Mindful Awareness Attention Scale. The preliminary items were surveyed with 572 workers, and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted for a new scale. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted: organizational activity, human error, safety and health workload, work attitude, and negative self-management. These factors had significant correlations and reliability, and the stability of the model for validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusion: The developed scale for psychological burden can measure workers' psychological burden in relation to safety and health. Despite some limitations, this study has applicability in the workplace, given the relatively small-sized questionnaire.