Journal of Music and Human Behavior (인간행동과 음악연구)

Korean Music Therapy Education Association (한국음악치료교육학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Validation of RESPECT-Music With a Korean Sample

한국판 음악 기능 척도의 타당화와 정서적 적응과의 관계

  • Received : 2017.10.10
  • Accepted : 2017.11.21
  • Published : 2017.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of RESPECT-Music, which measures personal, social and cultural function of music, and to examine the correlation between the measured RESPECT data and the data measured from other scales for emotions. A survey was conducted with two separate groups of undergraduate students. Exploratory factor analysis with sample A (N=212) and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analyses with sample B (N=296) were conducted. The result of exploratory factor analysis generated 10 factors as influential factors in music use, which was the similar results to the original scale: background, values, focus, dancing, family bonding, cultural identity, political attitudes, venting, emotional expression and social bonding. In the confirmatory factor analysis, this 35-item measurement was found to obtain adequate internal consistency and reliability. In addition, the correlations were found with other scales measuring emotional adjustment. Specifically, RESPECT showed a positive correlation with scales for positive affect, reappraisal, negative mood regulation and repair. Among the generated factors as music function, dancing was highly correlated with emotional adjustment, while political attitudes was negatively correlated with emotional adjustment. The results indicate that music use in our everyday lives is intercorrelated with the intrapersonal and interpersonal motives and emotional adjustment, while the function of music that influences cultural identity was not associated with the level of emotional adjustment. Implications for future studies were also suggested.

본 연구에서는 음악을 개인적, 사회적, 문화적 목적으로 사용하는 개인의 성향을 측정하기 위해 음악 기능 척도(RESPECT-Music)를 한국어로 번안 및 타당화하고, 정서적 적응과의 관계를 탐색하였다. 대학생 212명으로 구성된 표본 A를 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였고, 대학생 296명으로 구성된 표본 B를 대상으로 확인적 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석 및 정서적 적응 변인과의 상관분석을 하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과 한국어로 번안된 음악 기능 척도는 원 척도와 동일하게 배경 음악, 가치 발달, 집중 향상, 춤 유도, 가족과의 유대, 문화적 정체성 반영, 정치적 태도 표현, 스트레스 해소, 정서 전달, 친구와의 유대의 10요인으로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 10요인 35문항 모형의 적합도가 적절하였고, 문항 신뢰도도 양호하였다. 정서적 적응 변인들과 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 음악 기능 척도는 정적 정서, 재해석 정서조절 방략, 정서개선 신념과 유의한 정적 상관을 보여 대체적으로 정서적 적응과 연관 있는 것으로 나타났다. 10개 하위요인 중 춤 유도 기능이 정서적 적응과 가장 뚜렷한 연관성을 나타냈으며 정치적 태도 표현 기능은 예외적으로 정서적 적응과 상반되는 결과를 나타냈다. 연구 결과를 음악 기능의 세 차원으로 설명하면, 음악을 개인적, 사회적 목적으로 사용할수록 정서적 적응 수준이 높았고, 문화적 목적으로 사용하는 것은 정서적 적응과의 관련성이 낮았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aristotle (1997). Poetics. In P. Atherton & J. Baxter (Eds.), Aristotle's poetics (pp. 3-34). Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.
  2. Arnett, J. J. (1991). Adolescents and heavy metal music: From the mouths of metalheads. Youth & Society, 23(1), 76-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X91023001004
  3. Behne, K. E. (1997). The development of "Musikerleben" in adolescence: How and why young people listen to music. In I. Deliege & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), Perception and Cognition of Music (pp. 143-159). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
  4. Boer, D. (2009). Music makes the people come together: Social functions of music preferences for young people across cultures (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
  5. Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups: Benefits for young people's social cohesion and emotional well-being across four cultures. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 392.
  6. Boer, D., & Fischer, R. (2012). Towards a holistic model of functions of music listening across cultures: A culturally decentered qualitative approach. Psychology of Music, 40(2), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735610381885
  7. Boer, D., Fischer, R., Tekman, H. G., Abubakar, A., Njenga, J., & Zenger, M. (2012). Young people's topography of musical functions: Personal, social, and cultural experiences with music across genders and six societies. International Journal of Psychology, 47(5), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.656128
  8. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods and Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
  9. Catanzaro, S. J., & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54(3-4), 546-563. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674019
  10. Chin, T. C., & Rickard, N. S. (2012). The Music USE (MUSE) questionnaire: An instrument to measure engagement in music. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29(4), 429-446. https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2012.29.4.429
  11. Clark, M., Isaacks-Downton, G., Wells, N., Redlin-Frazier, S., Eck, C., Hepworth, J., & Chakravarthy, B. (2006). Use of preferred music to reduce emotional distress and symptom activity during radiation therapy. Journal of Music Therapy, 43(3), 247-265. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/43.3.247
  12. Clayton, M. (2009). The social and personal functions of music in cross-cultural perspective. In S. Hallam, I. Cross, & M. Thaut (Eds.), The oxford handbook of music psychology (pp. 35-44). New York: Oxford University Press.
  13. Davis, R. N., Andresen, E. N., Trosko, M., Massman, P. J., & Lovejoy, M. C. (2005). Negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancies: A test of incremental validity. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(2), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.002
  14. DeNora, T. (2000). Music in everyday life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  15. Extremera, N., & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2002). Relation of perceived emotional intelligence and health-related quality of life in middle-aged women. Psychological Reports, 91(1), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.47
  16. Extremera, N., & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2005). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: Predictive and incremental validity using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.012
  17. Fabrigar, L., Wegener, D., MacCallum, R., & Strahan, E. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
  18. Gabrielsson, A., & Lindstrom, S. (1996). Can strong experiences of music have therapeutic implications? In R. Steinberg (Ed.), Music and the mind machine: The psychophysiology and psychopathology of the sense of music (pp. 195-202). Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer.
  19. Garofalo, R. (2010). Politics, mediation, social context, and public use. In P. N. Juslin & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), Handbook of music and emotion: Theory, research, applications (pp. 725-754). New York: Oxford University Press.
  20. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
  21. Hargreaves, D. J., & North, A. C. (1999). The functions of music in everyday life: Redefining the social in music psychology. Psychology of Music, 27(1), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735699271007
  22. Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  23. Hong, S. (2000). The criteria for selecting appropriate fit indices in structural equation modeling and their rationales(구조 방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거). Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 161-177.
  24. Hui, E., Chui, B., & Woo, J. (2008). Effects of dance on physical and psychological well-being in older persons. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 49(1), 45-50.
  25. Juslin, P. N., & Laukka, P. (2004). Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening. Journal of New Music Research, 33(3), 217-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/0929821042000317813
  26. Juslin, P. N., & Vastfjall, D. (2008). Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(5), 559-621. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X08005293
  27. Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (1999). Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 13(5), 505-521. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379168
  28. Konecni, V. J. (2008). Does music induce emotion? A theoretical and methodological analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 2(2), 115-129. https://doi.org/10.1037/1931-3896.2.2.115
  29. Krause, N., Goldenhar, L., Liang, J., Jay, G., & Maeda, D. (1993). Stress and exercise among the Japanese elderly. Social Science & Medicine, 36(11), 1429-1441. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90385-H
  30. Kreutz, G., Ott, U., Teichmann, D., Osawa, P., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Using music to induce emotions: Influences of musical preference and absorption. Psychology of Music, 36(1), 101-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735607082623
  31. Laiho, S. (2004). The psychological functions of music in adolescence. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 13(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098130409478097
  32. Larson, R. (1995). Secrets in the bedroom: Adolescents' private use of media. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 535-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537055
  33. Laukka, P. (2007). Uses of music and psychological well-being among the elderly. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(2), 215-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9024-3
  34. Lee, S. J., & Lee, H. K. (1997). The research on the validation of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale: The domain exploration of the emotional intelligence(Trait Meta-Mood Scale의 타당화에 관한 연구: 정서 지능의 하위 요인에 대한 탐색). Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 11(1), 95-116.
  35. Lee, Y. J. (1994). The effects of personality traits on mood level and its variability(성격특질이 기분의 수준 및 변화성에 미치는 영향). (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Chung-ang University, Seoul.
  36. Lundqvist, L., Carlsson, F., Hilmersson, P., & Juslin, P. N. (2009). Emotional responses to music: experience, expression, and physiology. Psychology of Music, 37(1), 61-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735607086048
  37. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
  38. Menon, V., & Levitin, D. J. (2005). The rewards of music listening: Response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system. Neuroimage, 28(1), 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.053
  39. Merriam, A. P. (1964). The anthropology of music. Chicago: Northwestern University Press.
  40. Miranda, D., & Claes, M. (2009). Music listening, coping, peer affiliation and depression in adolescence. Psychology of Music, 37(2), 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735608097245
  41. Miranda, D., & Gaudreau, P. (2011). Music listening and emotional well-being in adolescence: A person- and variable-oriented study. European Review of Applied Psychology, 61(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2010.10.002
  42. Morinville, A., Miranda, D., & Gaudreau, P. (2013). Music listening motivation is associated with global happiness in Canadian late adolescents. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7(4), 384-390. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034495
  43. North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (1999). Music and adolescent identity. Music Education Research, 1(1), 75-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461380990010107
  44. North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (2008). The social and applied psychology of music. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  45. North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J., & Hargreaves, J. J. (2004). Use of music in everyday life. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 22(1), 41-77. https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2004.22.1.41
  46. North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J., & O'Neill, S. A. (2000). The importance of music to adolescents. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(2), 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709900158083
  47. Ok, S. J. (2001). The emotional characteristics and emotion regulation strategies of repressors (억압적 성격 성향자의 정서적 특성과 정서조절 방략) (Unpublished master's thesis). Seoul National University, Seoul.
  48. Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2006). Message in a ballad: The role of music preferences in interpersonal perception. Psychological Science, 17(3), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01691.x
  49. Russell, B. (1945). A history of western philosophy, and its connection with political and social circumstances from the earliest times to present study. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  50. Saarikallio, S. (2008). Music in mood regulation: Initial scale development. Musicae Scientiae, 12(2), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1177/102986490801200206
  51. Saarikallio, S. (2011). Music as emotional self-regulation throughout adulthood. Psychology of Music, 39(3), 307-327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735610374894
  52. Saarikallio, S., & Erkkila, J. (2007). The role of music in adolescents' mood regulation. Psychology of Music, 35(1), 88-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735607068889
  53. Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Golman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 125-154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  54. Salovey, P., Stroud, L. R., Woolery, A., & Epel, E. S. (2002). Perceived emotional intelligence, stress reactivity, and symptom reports: Further explorations using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Psychology and Health, 17(5), 611-627. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440290025812
  55. Schafer, T., & Sedlmeier, P. (2009). From the functions of music to music preference. Psychology of Music, 37(3), 279-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735608097247
  56. Sloboda, J. A. (1999). Everyday uses of music listening: A preliminary study. In S. W. Yi (Ed.), Music, Mind, and Science (pp. 354-369). Seoul: Seoul National University Press.
  57. Sloboda, J. A., O'Neill, S. A., & Ivaldi, A. (2001). Functions of music in everyday life: An exploratory study using the Experience Sampling Method. Musicae Scientiae, 5(1), 9-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/102986490100500102
  58. Sohn, J. M. (2005). Individual differences in two regulation strategies: cognitive reappraiser vs. emotion suppressor(정서조절 방략 사용에서의 개인차: 인지적 재해석인과 정서표현 억제인의 비교) (Unpublished master's thesis). Seoul National University, Seoul.
  59. Stephens, T. (1988). Physical activity and mental health in the United States and Canada: Evidence from four popular surveys. Preventive Medicine, 17(1), 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(88)90070-9
  60. Tekman, H. G., & Hortacsu, N. (2002). Aspects of stylistic knowledge: What are different styles like and why do we listen to them? Psychology of Music, 30(1), 28-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735602301005
  61. Van Goethem, A., & Sloboda, J. (2011). The functions of music for affect regulation. Musicae Scientiae, 15(2), 208-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864911401174
  62. Watkins, G. R. (1997). Music therapy: Proposed physiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 11(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002800-199703000-00003
  63. Watson, D., Clark, L., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  64. Zillmann, D. (1988). Mood Management through communication choices. American Behavioral Scientist, 31(3), 327-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276488031003005