• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.725-730
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• 2005

In case of the national roads which is opened in the past, there are carried out the expansion and improvement for enlargement of the traffic demand by industrial development and safety road operation to narrow of road width and serious change of the road alignment with effect of topography and graphical features of a mountain. A protection method using vegetation in the cut-slope has been constructed for harmony of ambient environment after cutting the slope recently. But it requires a study because the surface lose and the failure have been occurred in the large cut-slope which is covered by vegetation. In this study it was presented a countermeasure and examined a stability of contained uncertainty in the cut-slope according to the failure example of the cut-slope which is covered by vegetation. The additional research will be necessary against the development of the investigation technique which executes the stability investigation of the cut-slope which is covered by vegetation.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.600-605
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• 2004

The road construction with horizontal expansion of country using and augmentation of traffic demand is advanced actively and it accompanies hereupon, the above of 70% of the country is formed at the mountain in our country where the hazard cut slope has been created. In this study, It is prepared a effective management countermeasure of cut slope introduced priority investigation decision method against hazard cut slope which is influenced by abnormally rainfall by an unusual change in the weather such as a guerilla rainfall character. In meaning link, It was executed collapse cause by failure character analysis in the cut slope which has failed for the last five years and it is prepared the hazard grade criterion from E to A grade according to collapse cause. It is decided that a maintenance management grade by the hazard grade classification criterion of cut slope. So It is possible to hazard cut slope. It is established failure protection counter countermeasure by effective maintenance management through the hazard grade c1assification criterion and it will be able to dispose to advanced nation level like Hong Kong and Japanese.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 제5회 압연심포지엄 신 시장 개척을 위한 압연기술
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• pp.216-222
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• 2004

The caster roll shells have the good thermal conductivity and the low thermal expansion and have to exhibit high enough strength and good ductility at temperature up to $600^{\circ}C$. Thermal stress in particular is very high due to the contact with the liquid aluminium. The main stresses are of thermal origin, which bring a plastic fatigue on surface. This paper will represent one survey about the investigation of the failure of roll shells for continuous casters and an analysis using the simulation of the temperature distribution and the state of stress during hot rolling. Moreover, there will be a discussion on the roll shell of Mod. HAR 5 which is developed by heat treatment process. Mod. HAR 5 has advantages of high strength, high toughness and increased thermal stress resistance while maintaining the same productivity as the conventional roll.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Following natural disasters, there is a need to develop temporary housing through the rapid installation of mass-produced prefabricated housing. This study has developed a model construction manual for prefabricated temporary housing installable in underground spaces. First, the temporary housing prototype was drawn based on opinion poll results from earlier studies. $4.32m^2$ was calculated as the basic unit of the temporary housing living space for one person. Units included panel type, box type and mixed-type, for a variety of field conditions and scales. In order to enable space expansion and movement desirable to the user, the prototype was combination of panel and box types. The drawn prototype was utilized as the basic design template for producing prototypes and for the manual. Second, the possibility of utilizing subway stations as temporary housing was verified through the production of the prototype, and the construction process was summarized in the manual. The manual was developed in the form of a checklist to provide a guideline for users to build with prefab materials.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2013

Transportation and further expansion of social infrastructure was needed along the development of urbanization and population concentration. To use the underground space due to the lack of availability of land, it is inevitable to intersect between present structure and tunnel during construction. Soil grouting is one of the ground improvement methods to reinforce weak soil around the underground structures by injection of grouting liquid. Some of central columns of an upper structure are damaged during injection of grouting liquid by injection pressure. To investigate and improve the stability of the tunnel, three dimensional analysis are performed with full construction stages which includes the construction of present underpass, damaging columns of the underpass, reinforcing the columns by H-pile and shear walls, and excavation and construct tunnel. The arrangement of grouting holes such as curtain and horizontal type affects largely to the stability of upper structure and horizontal arrangement diminish the shear forces which is the cause of damage of central columns. The liquid injection type of reinforcement for tunnel is not recommended while the presence of upper structure with columns. Wall type reinforcing is utilize for permant support of upper structures which is affected by grouting injection pressure. H-pile is utilize for temporary support, but not for permanent since the sharing of shear forces is not much to shear wall during tunnel construction.

• 복식
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• 제65권7호
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• pp.60-74
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• 2015

It is considered that jacket was widespread in the 19th century due to its simple and convenient production technique. This study aims to explore the western women's jacket in the late 19th century, which is the basis of modern women's outwear, and we focused on the patterns and construction, the technical aspect of the jacket. We researched pattern books and preserved costume materials, and the study methods are as follows: First, we analyzed the pattern of the jackets from the pattern books and preserved costumes. Second, we analyzed the construction of the jackets from the preserved costumes and compared it to previous researches. The study results are as follows: 19th century jacket consisted of a bodice, a back bodice, a side panel, two-piece sleeve and a collar. The front bodice had cuttings and a dart to make the jacket fit the shape of the body and the two-pieced leg of mutton sleeve, puffed at the shoulder. Various styles of collar and neckline existed. The pattern suggested diverse ways of designing a jacket, such as cutting with partition, dart and pattern expansion that focused on three-dimensional effect at that time.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.141-145
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• 2007

The part in the structure that is most affected by changes of external temperature is the protective concrete layer that protects a waterproofing layer. Also, the waterproofing layer that is situated under or on the back of such a protective concrete layer is affected by temperature and the behavior of the protective concrete layer under the condition of consolidation or close adhesion. In particular, in many cases, the damage is serious mainly around the projection (such as a parapet), crack, and joint (expansion joint). However, there is no proper way of examining again the non-exposed waterproofing layer once it has been constructed. Therefore, there is an assessment only on the physical property of materials and the capability of the layer in construction, and there is no actual assessment in consideration of its environmental condition or the condition of the use of buildings after construction. Therefore, in order to create more pleasant buildings and to enhance the durability of structures, this study conducts research into the change of capability of non-exposed waterproofing material after the application of a static load and moving load on the waterproofing layer situated under or on the back of protective concrete.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the well-known and extensively studied NPC problems in combinatorial optimization. To solve it effectively and efficiently, various optimization algorithms have been developed by scientists and researchers. However, most optimization algorithms are designed based on the concept of improving route in the iterative improvement process so that the optimal solution can be finally found. In contrast, there have been relatively few algorithms to find the optimal solution using route construction mechanism. In this paper, we propose a route construction optimization algorithm to solve the symmetric TSP with the help of ratio value. The proposed algorithm starts with a set of sub-routes consisting of three cities, and then each good sub-route is enhanced step by step on both ends until feasible routes are formed. Before each subsequent expansion, a ratio value is adopted such that the good routes are retained. The experiments are conducted on a collection of benchmark symmetric TSP datasets to evaluate the algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm produces the best-known optimal results in some cases, and performs better than some other route construction optimization algorithms in many symmetric TSP datasets.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.685-686
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• 2015

The world is currently undergoing an intense urbanization process. The percentage of urban dwellers has never been so high. In 2010, and for the first time, urban population surpassed the rural one, accounting for 51% of global population, and this trend will continue in the forthcoming years. This increment in concentration of population and supporting assets in cities, make their performance a critical issue for world population. Recent events such as Fukushima tsunami and the hurricane Katrina have shown how fragile built environments are and the unpredictability of occurrence and magnitude of the hazards. Such an expansion of the world's urban population, together with an increase in severity and number of hazards and catastrophes, has put under the spotlight the necessity to build cities not only sustainable, but resilient. Decision makers should acknowledge failure as an option, and the importance of developing city resilience. This paper will provide an initial review on urban resilience, definitions and assessment approaches as a first step for decision makers to account for resilience in their decision making process.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

경제수준의 향상에 따른 자동차보급율의 급격한 증가는 공동주택단지의 주차공간 부족현상을 심화시키고 있다. 준공 당시에는 주차장 설치기준을 만족하였겠지만, 현재의 법규나 주민의 요구를 만족시키지 못하는 실정이다. 노후 공동주택은 건물구조체의 내구성에 문제가 없음에도 불구하고, 설비의 노후화와 주차공간의 부족으로 기존의 건물을 철거하고 재건축하는 방법을 채택하는 경우도 있다. 이로 인한 국가적 차원의 자원낭비와 자원의 재활용 및 재사용 측면에서 문제가 많다. 또한 주차난으로 인한 화재 사망사고도 발생한 사례가 있다. 공동주택의 주차난은 단순한 불편함이 아닌 안전에 관계된 심각한 문제이다. 단지 전체의 리모델링이 아닌 주차장 확장만을 위한 리모델링이 필요하다. 본 연구는 주민들이 이주를 하지 않고 거주하는 중에 지하주차장 확대를 위한 흙막이 공법선정 방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 흙막이공법 선정시 영향요인을 분석하고, AHP기법을 적용하여 가중치를 산정하였다. 전문가를 대상으로 흙막이공법의 적용성 평가를 실시하여 거주중에 적용 가능한 흙막이공법 선정방안을 제시하고 민감도분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 공법선정 평가방법은 거주중 지하공사 흙막이공법 선정시 의사결정에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.