• Water for future
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1988

Analyzed was the circulation phenomena in the open channel with sudden expansion, by applying the Galerkin's finite element method to the depth-averaged 2-dimensional continuity and momentum equations. Wave tests were done in the simplified channel in order to review the validity of this newly developed model and the computed results were within 0.5% of $L_2$-norm error, and application of this model to the simulation of simplified dam-break gave very close results compared with the analytical solution, thus, it can be concluded that this model is valid and efficient. The main flow in the expanded channel was defined as a new initial condition with given velocity and the flow in the expanded portion was at rest in simulating the circulation, and besides the Neumann's condition the slip boundary condition for lateral wall was found to be proper condition than the no-slip condition. It can be concluded, from the numerical tests in the sudden expension, that the circulating phenomena depend mainly on the convective inertia and the effect of turbulence due to bottom shear and lateral shear is insignificant.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.95-110
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• 2005

Science & Technology(S&T) is the most important thing to attain competitiveness in the 21st century, Our traditional S&T policies have been focused on hardware infra structure. we should consider software of S&T to enhance effectiveness. S&T should be had a correct understanding method of the creation for S&T culture. It implies that S&T policy in the 21st century should consider nonmaterial factors which include social, human, environmental and culture. Under this background, The purpose of this paper is to seek new S&T policy in the 21st century. Therefor this paper deals with how we can prepare for the future S&T policy and classify the change of S&T policy of Korea and analyze the characteristic of each phase. This paper argues that all actors (for example, S&T personnel, corporate using S&T, general public) should participate in the process of S&T innovation since the 21st century is the generation of the general public S&T. Also this paper presented the expanded S&T policy Right S&T policy could leads to diffuse right S&T culture. Diffusing S&T culture could accomplish expanded S&T policy which was considered phases of culture and welfare.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.473-492
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• 2016

Objective: This paper discusses the recent challenges to human factors engineering due to the safety culture. Background: As incidents occurring in specific fields such as logistics, plant, energy and medical sectors in Korea, as well as in the public sectors including railway, road, aviation and shipping, are recently raised as social issues from the disaster dimension, those incidents are dealt with as man-made disasters in many cases. The trend regarding all accidents as man-made disasters has been expanded in the active perspective that the controllability of all incidents should be ensured in technology development, due to change from a fatal point of view regarding disasters as random occurrence of uncertainties in the past. Method: Man-made disasters are concluded as human errors, and safety culture stands out as a cause of human errors or a new cause item recently. Because safety culture, however, is a very comprehensive term, of which true nature is obscure, although many definitions of safety culture have been presented, the safety culture may make avoid the true nature and responsibility of an incident, or make the main player and subject obscure. Raising safety culture as a cause without presenting a specific countermeasure will be just a wisdom of hindsight. Results and Conclusion: This study reviews the fundamental discussions on "Is safety culture a task of human factors engineering?" and the existing approach carried out from various perspectives in order to seek an effective approach on the new task of safety culture in the human factors engineering field. This study discusses an engineering approach to meet a precondition that safety culture is not just an added factor through a review of the approaches in the proactive fields such as nuclear power and aviation, and the traditional approaches of human factors engineering. Application: This study especially defines the perspective of socio-technological system that has expanded the existing man-machine system, and discusses a systemic approach embracing various interactions, and several overriding tasks.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2005

To increase the tolerance for passive fiber alignment, a single mode polymer waveguide with a large core structure is demonstrated. The large core waveguide is designed to have a mode profile comparable to that of a thermally expanded core (TEC) fiber, and it can be connected to a high-contrast waveguide through an adiabatic transition taper structure. From a waveguide with a rectangular core of 25 ${\times}$ 25 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^2$, a single mode propagation is observed when the index contrast is as low as 0.0005. A UV-cured injection molding method is used to fabricate the thick core structure. Due to the large mode size, the insertion loss of the device is below 0.5 dB until the lateral displacement of the TEC fiber is 4.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The low insertion loss is important for reproducible passive alignment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.321-327
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• 2006

In this paper, when a H-polarized plane wave is incident on the grating consisting of uniform resistive strips, electromagnetic scattering is analyzed using the moment of methods (MoM). The current density of each resistive strip on a grounded dielectric plane is fixed by zero at both edges. To satisfy the condition at both ends of each resistive strip, the induced surface current density is expanded in a series of cosine and sine functions. The scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of floquet mode functions. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown current coefficients. According to the variation of the involving parameters such as strip width and spacing and angle of the incident field, numerical simulations are performed by applying the Fourier-Galerkin moment method. The numerical results of the normalized reflected power for resistive strips case for zero and several resistivities are obtained.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2004

In this study, some methods for the organization of space in the welfare center for the disabled are suggested corresponding to the change of welfare paradigm for the disabled, by means of investigating and analyzing the existing organization of space, division of the areas and relevant programs. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The method of the spatial organization in the welfare center for the disabled is divided largely into an area of the welfare complex center used as a facility of uses and an area of the controlling center that manages and makes use of domiciliary welfare. 2) The division of counselling and management is the center for the aforementioned two areas. This division occupying the minimum space in the welfare center has to be expanded. Besides, the space for the volunteers for 'domiciliary welfare' is necessary. This can be administered synthetically along with the room for volunteers in the division of social rehabilitation. 3) It is necessary for the division of medical rehabilitation to have a common waiting area due to its close connection with other treatment rooms. It should be recommended to have it in the water treatment room. It is required to have a parents' waiting area in the treatment room for child rehabilitation. 4) In case of the division of educational rehabilitation, the daytime care center should be closely related to the division of medical rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the classrooms after school have a limited use so that they can be shared with the room for female rehabilitation in the division of social rehabilitation. 5) It is in reality for the division of social rehabilitation to have an expanded area of domiciliary welfare. The room for volunteers for domiciliary welfare should be arranged, too.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Structures, systems and components of nuclear power plants should be able to maintain safety even in the event of design-basis accidents such as high-energy line breaks. The high-pressure steam jet ejected from the broken pipe may cause damage to the adjacent structures. The ANSI/ANS 58.2 code has been adopted as a technical standard for evaluating the jet impingement load. Recently, the U.S. NRC pointed out the non-conservativeness of the ANSI/ANS 58.2, because it does not take into account the blast wave effect, dynamic behavior of the jet, and oversimplifies the shape and load characteristics of the supersonic steam jet. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the evaluation method for the high-energy line break accident. In order to evaluate the behavior of supersonic steam jet, an appropriate numerical analysis technique considering compressible flow effect is needed. In this study, numerical analysis methodology for evaluating supersonic jet impingement load was developed and verified. In addition, the conservativeness of the ANSI/ANS 58.2 model was investigated using the numerical analysis methodology. It is estimated that the ANSI jet model does not sufficiently reflect the physical behavior of under-expanded supersonic steam jet and evaluates the jet impingement load lower than CFD analysis result at certain positions.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is a type of geosynthetic material manufactured with various strengths, unit weights, and dimensions. Due to recent advances in research on EPS, the use of EPS has increased dramatically. This super light weight material has a unit weight of approximately $0.16{\sim}0.47kN/m^3$, equivalent to 6.3~15.7 of that of most natural soils with conditions of fill materials. In spite of this advantage, it is noted that no standard method of resilient modulus test on EPS geofoam was reported and no literature on resilient modulus test methods for EPS geofoam exist. The main object of this study was to investigate feasibility of the resilient modulus of EPS when it was applied for flexible pavement. The investigation of the feasibility was completed based on the results from triaxial tests.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.725-733
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• 2022

This study applied a hydraulic rock splitting system equipped with a hybrid packer to the bench-cut method. The hybrid packer system is an improvement of the packer developed in previous studies; it is designed efficiently to reduce vibration and noise during rock excavation by combining the two functions of inducing hydraulic fractures using injection pressure and then expanding and extending them using a rubber packer. Field experiments assessed the efficiency of rock excavation with respect to the injection conditions; the adjusted experimental conditions included the distance from the free surface and the test holes drilled at the top of the slope and the injection settings. Using a separation of 5 m left some unexcavated parts, but using a separation of 1 m left no unexcavated parts. The hydraulic fractures generated by the injection pressure developed generally parallel to the free surface and expanded and extended as the rubber packer expanded, thus facilitating bench-cut excavation. For hydraulic rock splitting to be broadly applicable to bench-cut rock excavation, it is important to accumulate results from many field experiments conducted under varying experimental conditions for various types of rockmass.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.77-96
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper examines the medical treatise and treatment methods of Zhang Jiebin on the depressive pattern, for clinical application today. Methods : The Zazhengmo/Yuzheng chapter of the Jingyue Quanshu, related texts and annotations of the Huangdineijing, and related contents among the medical texts of the JinYuan masters were analyzed. Developmental process of the medical theories were compared and examined. Results : Zhang focused on the mechanism in which emotion affects Qi leading to a disease state, and categorized Yu[鬱, depressed state] into three: anger depression, contemplative depression and comprehensive depression. The concept of the Five Depressive Patterns and its treatment from the Huangdineijing·Suwen which was considered as excess pattern was expanded to include deficiency pattern based on comparison with annotations of Wangbing, Hwashou, and Wang Andao. Treatment methods centered on purging was also expanded to include tonifying to restore the damaged Jing Qi. The depressive patterns anger depression, contemplative depression and comprehensive depression were subdivided according to excess and deficiency, for which formulas such as Shenxiangsan, Shoupijian, Guipitang were suggested. As the depressive pattern is caused by emotions and thus the Heart, the Yiqingbianqi method that directly deals with emotions was suggested. Zhang adopted Zhu Zhenheng's opinion which expands the category of Yu, and in the perspective of excess/deficiency, it is most similar to that of Li Dongyuan. Conclusions : Before Zhang, the depressive pattern was discussed in terms of it being excess pattern. However, Zhang's discussion on depressive pattern based on anger depression, contemplative depression and comprehensive depression focuses on emotional stagnation while suggesting the possibility of deficient stagnation, expanding previous understanding. In terms of treatment, tonifying methods for deficiency pattern was added, while consideration of emotion itself became necessary in treatment.