• Korean Business Review
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• v.4
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• pp.355-383
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• 1991

1. The Purpose of This study research: The focus of marketing until recently has simply been on sales which means the transfer of goods from the producer to the consumer and on profits therefrom. However, the excess supply of goods due to the expansion of the economy and the resulting fierce competition between companies have changed the nature of marketing. Maximizing consumers' satisfaction and establishing marketing mix strategies for market subdivision and penetration into the target market are now significant roles of the marketing manager. In addition, with regard to company management, information within the company which had been collected, managed and processed sporadically indegrated manner. The purpose of this research on marketing information systems in connection with the above will be to seek ways enabling us to create an efficient and integrated information system for an entire company. 2. The Method and Scop of This Stdudy: Marketing information systems, as a part of management information systems, shall be examined based on relevant theoretical literature. The research process shall be generally developed as follows: 1) The basic structure of the marketing information systems, including its fundamental purpose and necessity, shall be examined. 2) The method for a specific plan shall be presented through fundamental marketing strategy concepts and marketing decision-making. 3) A general model shall be presented based on examinations of various mod els used for marketing information systems and on research of the models' relationship with management information systems. 4) The direction of development shall be presented as the basis for gradual development following examination of the scope, pertinent issues, and means of improvement of the marketing information systems. 3. Summary and Conclusion: As the competition among the enterprises has become keen and thus the management of the contemporary enterprises shows the tendencies of uncertainty as well as complexity, all the managers must make the correct and prompt decision of their mind. Otherwise, the danger which will lead to and failure in the failure in the business may befall to the enterprise. Though computer system and information related techniques have the endless potentiality for the improvement of the enterprise, those are granted only to the enterprise which will be able to manage the computer system and information related techniques. In the contemporary industrial society, the need to a managerial information system has been increasing because all the complicated information can be stored, disposed and managed by the efficient method. And the marketing information system is also the integrated system which has been formed and developed through the efficient mixture of all the constituent elements including the definition of marketing research as the definition of the information system has been enlarged due to the reason shown above. The common point of the two systems is the man machine system functioning to help the efficient decision of the mind by introducing the computer system on the basis of user manager centered thought in order to provide informations to be useful in operation and management of the organization and the function of the mind decision. The purpose for the marketing information system lies in making the utmost use of marketing information available in the course of the mind decision. The reason why the contemporary enterprises necessitate the marketing information system are as follows: 1) The stages of the business operation are expanded wide to the world. 2) As the living standards of the consumers have been on the rise, the enter prise has to satisfy the consumer's "wants" than simple "needs".

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2009

Since the introduction of 32 Automated Speed Enforcement System in Korea 1997, their application was expanded to the entire nation and, as of January 2008, there are 3,212 Automated Speed Enforcement System that are in operation. The existing method of evaluating the effects of the Automated Speed Enforcement System application is simple comparison of a year before and a year after the application. If the number of traffic accidents dramatically increased(or decreased) the year before the application compared to the numbers from years before that, then if the number decreased(or increased) after the Automated Speed Enforcement System application, it cannot be concluded that the change was caused by the Automated Speed Enforcement System application alone. Based on the 4-Step Before-After study, the method of evaluating the effect of an Automated Speed Enforcement System application was analyzed anew. At 205 locations where Automated Speed Enforcement System was applied in 2006, the existing evaluation stated a reduction of 19% in the number of traffic accidents, but when reanalyzed for the method suggested in this paper, the effect of the Automated Speed Enforcement System was found to be $27.4{\pm}3$, along with an error range of ${\pm}12.89%$ due to miscellaneous improvement.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2012

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS) based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the accurate determination of sorbic acid in tea-drink. An isotope analogue of sorbic acid, $^{13}C_2$-sorbic acid, was obtained by custom synthesis. MS was operated in the negative mode with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode of $[M-H]^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $[M-CO_2H]^-$ channel at m/z 111 ${\rightarrow}$ 67 for sorbic acid and at m/z 113 ${\rightarrow}$ 68 for its isotope analogue. Chromatographic separation was accomplished with a C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase of 55% of 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) and 45% of methanol. Homogeneous reference materials were prepared for validation of this method, including repeatability and reproducibility tests, by fortifying tea-drink with sorbic acid in our laboratory. Repeatability and reproducibility studies showed that the ID-LC/MS method is a reliable and reproducible method which provides less than 3.8% of relative standard deviation (RSD) for the analysis of sorbic acid.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

An aircraft maintenance hangar is a building that stores, maintains, and inspects expensive aircraft. The frequency of fire occurrence is low, but the resulting human and material damage can be very serious. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the fire safety of the currently operating fire suppression systems for aircraft maintenance hangars using the Fault Tree method, and then performed a quantitative analysis using the failure rate data for the derived basic events and analyzed the importance of the minimal cut sets. As a result of the qualitative analysis by the minimal cut set, it was found that there were 14 accident paths that could be expanded to a large fire, due to the fire control failure of the aircraft hangar fire suppression system. The quantitative analysis revealed that, the probability of the fire expanding into a large one is $2.08{\times}E-05/day$. The analysis of the importance of the minimal cut set shows that four minimal cut sets, namely the fire detector and foam head action according to the zone and blocking of the foam by the aircraft wing and the fire plume, had the same likelihood of causing the fire to develop into a large one, viz. 24.95% each, which together forms the majority of the likelihood. It was confirmed for the first time by fault tree method that the fire suppression system of aircraft maintenance hangars is not suitable for fires under the aircraft wings and needs to be improved.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2003

In an Information Retrieval System(IRS) based on an inverted file as a file structure it is possible to retrieve related documents when the searcher know the complete words of searching fields. however, there are many cases in which the searcher may not know the complete words but a partial string of words with which to search. In this case, if the searcher can search indexes that include the known partial string, it is possible to retrieve related documents. Futhermore, when the retrieved documents are few, we need a method to find all documents having indexes which include known the partial string. To satisfy these requests, the searcher should be able to construct a query formulation that uses the term truncation method. Also the IRS should have an electronic dictionary that can support a truncated search term. This paper designs and implements an electronic dictionary(ED) structure to support a truncation search efficiently. The ED guarantees very fast and constant searching time for searching a term entry and the inversely alphabetized entry of it, regardless of the number of inserted words. In order to support a truncation search efficiently, we use the Trie structure and in order to accommodate fast searching time we use a method using array. In the searching process of a truncated term, we can reduce the searching time by minimizing the length of string to be expanded.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

This study evaluated economic value recognized by the residents for the pleasant urban park management using contingent valuation method(CVM) to APEC Memorial Park in Pusan in terms of private fund development for the management of the city park. As a result, the estimated amount payable by each household for the management of APEC Memorial Park in Busan was between 5,673 won and 8,358 won. If such amount is expanded to households in park hosting area, it was 2.2~2.3 times of the park management budget in 2012, which demonstrates the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents for pleasant park was higher than the management budget. Social factors of respondents affecting WTP for city park management operation included age, educational level and income level. Those with high age and high education level had higher WTP. And, WTP was much affected by the use of park and recognition of residents. In particular, those with high frequency in the use of parks had higher WTP, and the users with more than once per week had 1.1 times higher WTP than overall WTP. Then, the satisfaction of park rather than recognition of necessity of park had led to higher WTP. Accordingly, it is necessary to manage park facility management and use program operation to enhance park satisfaction and it is also required to develop a park culture distribution policy to link such recognition to donation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.43-47
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to apply the Importance-Performance Map (IPM) method based on PLS-SEM by extending the importance-performance analysis (IPA), which is an existing method to grasp strategic policies through the difference of importance and satisfaction of existing competitiveness factors. For this application, this study was applied to research related to policy measures that can survive and spread in global competition by analyzing strategic factors of information technology (IT) convergence industry. The development of IT convergence industry, which is the subject of this study, has the effect of revitalizing related industry development and employment activation. Therefore, this study expanded the possibility of applying this research methodology to research the strategic factors to activate exports of SMEs (Small and medium-sized enterprises) in the convergency industry. In order to achieve this goal, the analytical methodology of this study was applied and the policy measures for IT SMEs. Therefore, based on the analysis results of this study, this study can apply this research methodology to other fields as a strategic tool in establishing and enforcing policies for export activation of IT convergence industry.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

Over-urbanization has contributed to the increase in traffic problems. This makes the need for effective road planning and design more important than ever. I have been able to learn how to build a new road, and how to use it. However, in spite of the importance of good road planning, there are no systematic standards or methods for calculating traffic volume on railroad routes. Therefore, in this study, to strengthen the competitiveness of railroads, the concept of line capacity is introduced to railroads, and a clear standard and method for calculating railroad line capacity are presented. Based on the results, the line capacity of main railway lines for domestic railways was calculated. By applying the method of calculating the line capacity presented in this study, the capacity of existing railway lines and newly expanded routes can be calculated. It is expected that our findings will be able to provide systematic standards that can be applied to yield a more effective investment and design planning stage; the findings will also help improve the efficiency of railroad operation.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.593-606
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• 2021

The Korea Meteorological Administration/National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (KMA/NIMS) has monitored atmospheric CO₂ at Anmyeondo (AMY) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) regional station since 1999, and expanded its observations at Jeju Gosan Suwolbong station (JGS) in the South and at Ulleungdo-Dokdo stations in the East (ULD and DOK) since 2012. Due to a recent WMO CO₂ scale update and a new filter (NIMS) to select baseline levels at each station, the 22 years of CO₂ data are recalculated. After correction for the new CO₂ scale, we confirmed that those corrected records are reasonable within the compatibility goal (±0.1 ppm of CO₂) between KMA/NIMS and National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration (NOAA) flask-air measurements with the new scale. With the new NIMS filter, CO₂ baseline levels are now more representative of the large-scale background compared to previous values, which contained large CO₂ enhancements. Atmospheric CO₂ observed in South Korea is 4 to 8 ppm greater than the global average while the amplitude of seasonal variation is similar (10~13 ppm) to the amplitude averaged over a comparable latitude zone (30°N-60°N). Variations in CO₂ growth rate are also similar, increasing and decreasing similar to global values, as it reflects the net balance between terrestrial respiration and photosynthesis. In 2020, atmospheric CO₂ continued increasing despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though fossil emission was reduced (around -7% globally), we still emitted large amounts of anthropogenic CO₂. Overall, since CO₂ has large natural variations and its source was derived from not only fossil fuel but also biomass burning, the small fossil emission reduction could not affect the atmospheric level directly.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.297-305
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• 2022

Antioxidants are food additives that extend the shelf life of food products by preventing lipid rancidity caused by active oxygen. They can either be naturally-derived or manufactured synthetically via chemical synthesis. In this study, method validation of five synthetic antioxidants, namely butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, was performed using a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet visible detector, and the method applicability was evaluated by analyzing foods containing antioxidants. The coefficient of determination (R²) average was 0.9997, while the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.02-0.53 and 0.07-1.61 mg/kg, respectively. The intra and inter-day accuracies and precisions were 83.2±0.7%-98.7±2.1% and 0.1%-5.7% RSD, respectively. Inter-laboratory validation for accuracy and precision was conducted using the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme quality control material. The results satisfied the guidelines presented by the AOAC International. In addition, the expanded uncertainty was less than 16%, as recommended by CODEX. Consequently, to enhance public health safety, the results of this study can be used as basis data for evaluating the intake of synthetic antioxidants and assessing their risks in Korea.