• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2003

This study was carried out with Urich II method for estimating the aboveground biomass of 30 years old Chamaecypris obtuse plantation in Jinhae, Cyeongnam province, in order to solve problems of exhaustion of many time and manpower in field survey for estimating biomass of stands. The results were summarize as follows; Total aboveground biomass production of stands was 137.3ton/ha, which was 71.8% of stem, 15.4% of branch and 12.8% of leaf. Foliage biomass of stands was maximized on the 9.2~11.2m of total height. The ratio of biomass for each part of tree in Chamaecypris obtusa plantation was in order of, stem, branch and leaf in dominant and co-dominant tree, and was stem, leaf and branch in recessive tree. drying ratio by components were ranged 47.3~49.2% of stem, 48.8~52.9% of branch, 39.2~40.8 of leaf and 0.78%~0.89% of died branch. Specific gravity by sample tree was 0.49~0.53 range and there was not significantly different among sample tree.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.468-474
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• 2015

When oil is used for cooking in detached or apartment houses, large amounts of oil-mist, smoke, and particulate substances are generated and dispersed into the indoor-air environment. These pollutants diffuse into the surroundings and spread their odor while rising fast at a high temperature due to the heat energy from the gas range. Although the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust hood, which is installed on the top of a gas range to remove the diffuse pollutants, the exhaust conditions can vary greatly because they depend on the shape of the exhaust hood and the discharge rate. In this paper, the air that is required for the gas-exhaustion process is supplied by an air curtain that surrounds the kitchen hood, and the pollutant-capturing efficiency varies depending on the angle of the discharge grills; the pollutant-capturing efficiency was studied using a numerical-analysis method. The results indicate that the pollutant-capturing efficiency is not significantly changed by a change of the discharge-grill angle at a low air-discharge rate; however, at a high air-discharge rate, the efficiency value increases with an increase of the discharge-grill angle, whereby the best value occurs at 30 degrees and the efficiency decreases above this angle. Below 30 degrees, the effect of the discharge rate on the capturing efficiency is more than that of the discharge-grill angle.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2006

Due to the exhaustion of resources and increasing concerns about the environment, reverse logistics has become a critical issue in recent years. We discuss the conventional logistics operations and the reverse logistics operations in the automotive industry. The traditional supply chain (TSC) and the reverse supply chain (RSC) models are developed to compare performance between two systems. In addition, results of the simulation models are discussed in respect to total costs, inventory levels and stock-outs to analyze the effects of introducing of reverse logistics system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.117-126
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• 2014

Recently, due to various environmental problems such as global warming, increasing of international oil prices and exhaustion of resource, a paradigm of world automobile market is rapidly changing from vehicles using internal combustion engine to eco-friendly vehicles using electric power such as EV (Electric Vehicle), HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid electric Vehicle) and FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle). There are many driving cycles for performance evaluation of conventional vehicles. However there is a lack of researches on driving cycle for EV. This study is composed of part 1 and part 2. In this paper part 1, in order to develop urban driving cycle for performance evaluation of electric vehicles, Gwacheon-city patrol route of police patrol car was selected. Actual driving test was performed using EV. The driving data such as velocity, time, GPS information etc. were recorded. GUDC-EV (Gwacheon-city Urban Driving Cycle for Electric Vehicles) including road gradient was developed through the results of analyzing recorded data. Reliability of the driving cycle development method was substantiated through comparison of electricity performance. In the second part of this study, the developed driving cycle was compared to simulation result of the existing urban driving cycle. Verification of the developed driving cycle for EV performance evaluation was described.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1089-1101
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• 2006

Following conclusions are drawn from study about Yukmigiwhangwon through referring to literatures and reviewing in the point of Hyungsang medicine. Yukmigiwhangwon was prescribed by Jeon Eul in order to cure five kinds of flaccidity of infants, but after since then it has been basically applied to symptoms which was caused by deficiency of the kidney not only infants but also adult. The deficiency of kidney is the lack of vital essence and body fluid stored in kidney, it happens because infants are born in the conditions of lack of receiving in the womb. And it happens because adults infringe the rules of life, especially the sexual life. Main symptoms of the poverty of renal functions are emptiness of the brain marrow, dizziness, forgetfulness, tinnitus, deafness, vertigo and dim eyesight, insomnia, the low back and knees aching and limping, heat on the legs, tibia aching, nocturnal emission, dry mouth, reddened tongue and little coating or non coating of the 'tongue, weak blood meridians. the treating method is nourishing Eum and supplementing kidney. In Dongeuibogam Yukmigiwhangwon is mentioned in the parts of vital essence, blood, voice, kidney, urine, eye, ear, the low back, hair, fire, exhaustion syndrome, cough, polydipsia, infant, etc. The shapes which Yukmigiwhangwon is applied to are the Dam Body Doing deficiency of Eum due to excess of Yang, man, infant, Jung type, Fish group, reverse triangular shape, big headed man, big eared man, big mouthed man, man having prominent cheekbones, man having long waist, man having big hips, man with thick hair or white hair, man with bald on the head, etc. In color it is applied to darkish complexion, flushed tip of the nose, or flushed cheek bones. Through inquiring into the clinical cases on the points of Hyungsang medicine Yukmigiwhangwon is efficacious cure to lumbago, symptoms of tendons and bones, symptoms of eyes and ears, symptoms of respiratory organs, dermatopathia, headache, polydipsia, urinary disorders, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1434-1440
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• 2011

In this paper, we assessed muscular activities of lower limbs and foot pressure for car and bus drivers according to operating three electronic pedals that we developed. To analyze drivers' physical exhaustion, muscular fatigue of lower limbs was evaluated. Eleven car drivers and six urban bus drivers were participated in this experiment. The virtual driving system was used for the real driving environment. The virtual driving system was comprised of a spring seat, a steering wheel, pedals (clutch, excel and brake pedals), a manual transmission and a virtual driving simulation. For the real vibration like situation on the road, six degree of freedom motion base system was used. Measured muscles were rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (Gn) muscles. For the quantitative muscular activities, integrated electromyography (IEMG) was analyzed. Muscular fatigues also were analyzed through the analysis of the median frequency. In addition, foot pressures were analyzed and compared through the peak and averaged pressure during the operating three developed electronic pedals. The experiments are conducted with total 17 drivers, 11 general public and 6 drivers. As a result of the analysis, electromyogram and fatigue analysis through intermediate frequency reduction for pedal-1 more efficient than other pedals. And foot pressure also was decreased. Consequently, we suggested the most efficient pedal and method to minimize the amount of cumulative fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1195-1208
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• 2021

This study aims to find the fundamental problem of skepticism as a PE teacher. For above, a PE teacher, Jun-ho Lee is selected as a participant of this study and used the life history method. Based on the result of above, the contents of 1) 'Stereotype and subculture', 2) 'Changing in discipline.', 3) 'Confusion and self-accusation', 4) 'Ordinary teacher, not a true teacher' is drawn. This result shows that the skepticism concerned the teacher can be explained as 'irony of change' and it is confirmed that this is originated by the fundamental background as 'simultaneity of non-simultaneous'. In conclusion, the emotional exhaustion due to the inconsistency of 'simultaneity of non-simultaneous' existing in the school is inevitable consequence, and on the other hand, it shows that he is an ordinary PE teacher and it helps to understand the life and worry of ordinary PE teachers in Korean society.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.31-46
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• 2019

Objective: This research draws synthesized and objected results regarding the factors that influence burnout of child care teachers. The purpose for this is to understand in-depth of the burnout child care teachers experience at site through understanding their experience in depth. Methods: A mix research method including meta-analysis and in-depth interview was proceeded. Results: The main factor of burnout of the child care teacher is structural characteristics factor. Also through in-depth interview 13 main subjects and 28 detailed subject were found in the factors that affect burnout of child care teachers. Most factors which were meaningful results from the meta-analysis were re-confirmed through the in-depth interview. Out of those, the most effective sub-factor showed psychological factor of self-esteem. Conclusion/Implications: Based on these results, we have suggested child care environment unification, training education process for child care teachers, reinforcement of qualification standard, and accreditation system in order to enhance qualitative child care service and reduce exhaustion of child care teachers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.657-679
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• 2021

This study aimed to explore the experience and nature of emotional care for elderly parent living alone for middle-aged adult who formed initial insecure attachment with his or her parent. To this end, 12 middle-aged people aged 45 to 60 (3 males and 9 females) were recruited as subjects of the study, interviewed in-depth, and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 60 constitutive meanings, 18 themes, and 4 thematic groups were derived for the experience of middle-aged adult who experienced insecure attachment to his or her parent and caring for the emotional needs of elderly parent living alone. Thematic groups included "negative experiences that caused emotional exhaustion," "emotional driving force in emotional care," "the role of helper in parental care," and "economic and physical content in emotional care". This study is meaningful in that it revealed the phenomenon of experiences of emotional care for parent living alone by middle-aged adult who had an initial unstable attachment with his or her parent to understand them and contributed to the provision of counseling data.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.441-481
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• 2022

This study attempted to explore the experience related to the work-family balance of working moms during the COVID-19 period. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted by recruiting 17 part-time and full-time working moms with at least 1 child under the age of 13. As a result of analyzing the data using the method of grounded theory, 106 concepts, 50 subcategories, and 24 categories were derived. The central phenomenon that working moms experienced in the process of work and family balance were "physical and emotional exhaustion", "anxiety and guilt about not doing well in situations of role conflicts between various roles", "job crisis experienced by working mothers" and "deepening family conflicts". The process of working moms overcoming the central phenomenon and achieving work-family balance was identified as five stages: the 'shock and confusion stage', the 'struggling stage', the 'actively coping and making compromise stages', the 'acceptance stage', and the 'post-traumatic growth stage'. Based on these results, discussions on the work-family balance of working mothers during the COVID-19 period was dealt as well as suggestions for follow-up studies.