• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1997

Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Xanthium strumarium L. was tested against 25 strains of bacteria, yeast and fungus. The crude ethylacetate extract exhibited strong growth inhibition to the tested strains with the exception of partial Gram-negative bacteria. The property of antimicrobial compound was very stable under heat treatment at $120^{\circ}C$, but it was unstable in acid (pH 3.0) and alkali (pH 10.0) treatment. The antimicrobial compounds were purified by boiling water extraction, ethylacetate extraction, charcoal column chromatography, silica gel column chro- matography and reverse phase HPLC. The purified compound A and B were detected in a single peak (each above 98% purity) through the HPLC analysis. The compound A and B showed a strong growth inhibition against Gram-negative and positive bacteria in the agar diffusion method. When tested by the FDA method using the esterase, compound A mainly inhibited the growth of bacteria and compound B showed the growth inhibition of both bacteria and yeasts.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.389-392
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• 2002

In many industrial applications, multiphase flow analysis is the norm rather than an exception as compared to more-conventional single-phase investigation. This paper describes the implementation of the multiphase flow simulation capability in the general purpose CFD software AVL FIRE/SWIFT. The governing equations are discretized based on a finite volume method (FVM) suitable fur very complex geometry, The pressure field is obtained using the SIMPLE algorithm. Depending on the characteristics of the multiphase flow to be examined, the user can choose either the two-fluid model or an explicit interface-tracking model based on the Volume-of-Fluid approach. For truly 'multi'-phase flow problems, it is also possible to apply a hybrid model where certain phases are explicitly tracked while the other phases are handled by the two fluid model. In order to demonstrate the capability of the method, applications to the Taylor bubble flow simulations are presented.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

The potential antioxidant activities of different fractions from methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. were assayed in vitro. All of the fractions exception of n-hexane and $H_2O$ showed a strong antioxidant activity, especially the ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction, which showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=9.86\;{\mu}g/mL$). The results of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed concentration dependency, the EtOAc fraction demonstrating a better result than the other fractions at the same concentration in this studies. Additionally, when the total phenolic contents of fractions were measured, the EtOAc fraction contained the highest level. Meanwhile, correlation analysis indicated a high correlation between the antiradical activity and the total phenolic contents, suggesting that fractions obtained from the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. have wide potential for use as sources of antioxidant material.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.105-113
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• 2011

Brand is a useful tool for modem people living under the age of the brand, to explain the information of their products by differentiating themselves from others. It also represents the value of company and plays a major role convincing customers. Even living space brands are no exception. According to the development of marketing management ability, living space brands require the new sales strategy to dominate the market over the business competition, and plan differently for a changing market environment. On such account, companies are commercializing the living space via establishing its brands. Thus the study will cover the living space differentiation strategies for promoting the brand images of respective construction companies and will strive to compare and analyze the differentiation strategy factors that construction firms are pursuing through case analysis framework. Moreover, it's objective focuses on materializing the strategies of living space in accordance to the brand application elements.

• IE interfaces
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2008

In today's competitive global environment, technological innovation is an important issue. Many countries are devising national level strategies to further strengthen industrial capacity in support of innovative companies. South Korea is no exception, and multiple strategies are in place to aid innovative development in the private sector. This study postulates that such national level strategies are applied differently depending on the innovation goal pursued by the service sector in Korea. We use data mining methods to test such research hypothesis. Factor analysis is used for clustering of various service companies, while association rule is used in finding the relationship per each cluster. The results show that national level strategies are underutilized and unequally distributed. This may be attributed to the disparity between the demand and needs of the private sector and the opinion of the government, which lead to underutilized and indistinguishable strategies.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.31
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• pp.59-78
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to discuss the excepted perils of carriers, to expose moot points arising from the applications of the excepted perils of the carriers, and then to suggests improvements them. The methodology of this research depended largely upon a combination of the related precedents, international treaties related to the excepted perils of carriers. The excepted perils of carriers in marine carriage begin with extremely limited perils based on the receptum liabilities and the absolute liability principle in English common law. Proceed via the intemperate expansion of the excepted perils by the widespread diffusion of the principle of free contract. but via the American Harter Act, The Hague Rules, The Hague Visby Rules, and The Hamburg Rules Came contracted. This study conducted an analysis of the excepted perils for the carriers and suggests improvements in them but it remains regrettable that we are not in a position to sustain them since we are lacking is precedents connected with The Hamburg rules.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2010

In this paper, attendance in distance learning courses of a cyber university has been surveyed in an effort to verify the effectiveness of distance learning. Based on survey data from 4,749 distance learning participants, major attending place, major reasons for attending online class, fidelity to online classes, attending time per week, perceived educational effectiveness, perceived and relative seriousness of problems, and other variables have been evaluated. The results indicate that perceptional seriousness of the investigated problems is not statistically important. The findings indicate that, among operational problems, self willingness and cheating are the most remarkable. In contrast, the relative seriousness of traditionally recognized problems such as H/W availability and network speed among environmental problems is least remarkable. An analysis of demographic differences such as sex, employment, and school year in terms of seriousness of problems is also performed. The results reveal the existence of statistically significant differences according to sex, employment, and school year with regard to almost all elements of environment, actual current conditions, and seriousness of problems, with the exception of some elements such as attending place and perceived fidelity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2016

Eph receptors and their ligands, ephrins, mediate cell-to-cell contacts in a specific brain region and their bidirectional signaling is implicated in the regulation of apoptosis during early brain development. In this report, we used the alpha(${\alpha}$)-Cre transgenic line to induce ephrin-A5 over-expression in the distal region of the neural retina. Using this double transgenic embryo, we show that the over-expression of ephrin-A5 was responsible for inducing massive apoptosis in both the nasal and temporal retinas. In addition, the number of differentiated retinal neurons with the exception of the bipolar neuron was significantly reduced, whereas the laminar organization of the mature retina remained intact. Consistent with this finding, an analysis of the mature retina revealed that the size of the whole retina-particularly the nasal and temporal regions-is markedly reduced. These results strongly suggest that the level of ephrin-A5 expression plays a role in the regulation of the size of the retinal progenitor pool in the neural retina.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

Ninety KNP were divided into three group by differential market weight(20 of each group): Live weight of Group 1(G 1), Group 2(G 2) and Group 3(G 3) were 50-59kg, 60-69kg, 70-80kg, respectively. Values of pH and shear force showed an increase, while cooking loss showed decreased with increased weight. In color analysis, $a^{\ast}$ value in meat and $b^{\ast}$ value in backfat of KNP showed higher as slaughter weight increased. Slaughter weight did not significantly affect the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat of KNP. With the exception of oleic acid in intermuscular fat, there were no significant weight-dependent differences in the fatty acid profiles.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

We used differential scanning calorimetry and a thermogravimetric analysis to investigate the effect of being confined in mesoporous MCM-41 on the decomposition of lithium borohydride and magnesium borohydride when heated. The confinement did not cause a phase transition of the metal borohydrides inside MCM-41, but did lower their decomposition temperature. With the exception of a lowering of the temperature, the decomposition reaction mechanism of the metal borohydrides was nearly the same for both the bulk and confined samples.