• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-86
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• 1991

This study tried to clear the characteristics of height growth pattern depending on Peak Height Velocity age in early, average and late groups. And in it, height growth tendency of girl students in age 7 to 18 years old was compared and investigated in order to know influencing factors, menarcheal age relation. The samples were senior girl students at high school in Seoul. Longitudinal data and survey data were collected in August, 1990. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. On distance curve, the height growth line in early group tended to be the highest and in late group the lowest. On the other hand, on velocity curve late group showed the highest peak and early group showed the lowest peak. In late group, velocity curve was too steep. Of course, these early, average and late groups were classified by PHV age. 2. In these three groups, late group showed the most growth amount per year. However, on distance curve, early group showed higher line than late group. Perhaps this means that peak growth amount in late group might have an effect on mean. 3. Growth amount of adolescence spurt age in these three groups was 6.86cm at age 9(early group), 7.27cm at l1(average group) and 7.65cm at 13(late group). In early group, because. PHV age came too early, it was difficult to find exact adolescence spurt period. In early group, the adolescence spurt period is considered to come at about age 7 to 9. In average group, at 9 to 11 and at 12 to 13 in late group. Especially, spurt of late group was remarkable. 4. When the growth amount of PA, before PA and after PA was compared, growth amount of PA in all three groups was about 20%. In early group, growth amount of APV tended to be large and in late group, that of APV tended to be large and in late group, that of BPV was large. In average group, growth amount of BPV was larger than that of APV. 5. For the purpose of comparing total height growth amount of these groups at age 18, the height growth was assumed to be over. And then, the difference of three groups was studied but it's not significant. 6. Although the difference between height growth and family environment, dietary habits, exercise, disease history in these three groups was investigated, only the income was significant. The significance of all the other factors was not approved. 7. When menarcheal age was compared with PA, generally we know menarche appeared after 1∼2 years of PHV age. But in case of early group, the difference between PHV age and menarcheal age was 5.34 years. In average group, 2.45 years and 0.82 years in late group.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1993

A numerical method for nonlinear free-surface-wave problem is developed in this paper. The final goal of this study is to simulate the towing tank experiment of a ship model and to partially replace the experiment by the numerical model. The exact problem in the scope of potential flow theory is formulated by a variational principle based on the classical Hamilton's principle. A localized finite element method is used in the present numerical computations which made use of the following two notable steps. The first step is an efficient treatment of the numerical radiation condition by using the intermediate nonlinear-to-linear transition buffer subdomain between the fully nonlinear and linear subdomains. The second is the use of a modal analysis in the final stage of the solution procedures, which enables us to reduce the computation time drastically. With these improvements the present method can treat a much larger computational domain than that was possible previously. A pressure patch on the free surface was chosen as an example. From the present computed results we could investigate the effect of nonlinearity on the down-stream wave pattern more clearly than others, because much larger computational domain was treated. We found, specifically, the widening of the Kelvin angle and the increase of the wave numbers and the magnitude of wave profiles.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

The periodontal ligament(PDL) is a unique tissue that is crucial for tooth function. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein;PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern and tissue localization of PDLs22 protein in embryonic and various postnatal stages of developing mouse using immunohistochemical staining. Embryos (E18) and postnatal (P1, P4, P5, P15, P18) were decapitated and the heads were fixed overnight in a freshly prepared solution of 4% paraformaldehyde. Some specimens were decalcified for $2{\sim}4$ weeks in a solution containing 10% of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Next, tissues were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially at $6{\mu}m$ in thickness. Polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLs22 peptides, ISNKYLVKRQSRD, were made. The localization of PDLs22 in tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows; 1. Expression of PDLs22 protein was not detected in the tooth germ of bud and cap stage. 2. At the late bell stage and root formation stage, strong expression of PDLs22 protein was observed in developing tooth follicle, osteoblast-like cells, and subodontoblastic cells in the tooth pulp, but not in gingival fibroblasts, ameloblasts and odontoblasts of tooth germ 3. In erupted tooth, PDLs22 protein was intensely expressed in PDL and osteoblast-like cells of alveolar bone, but not in gingival fibroblasts, mature osteocytes and adjacent salivary glands. 4. In the developing alveolar bone and mid-palatal suture, expression of PDLs22 protein was seen in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and osteoblast-like cells of developing mid-palatal suture, but not in mature osteocytes and chondrocytes. These results suggest that PDLs22 protein may play an important role in the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL cells, which can differentiate into multiple cell types including osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDL fibroblasts. However, more researches should be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLs22 protein which related to the PDL cell differentiation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

The origin of a submucosal tumor is difficult to determine by endoscopic biopsy. One type of submucosal tumor, which originates in Schwann cell, a schwannoma represents 0.2% of all gastric tumors. We experienced the case of a 57-year-old female patient with a gastric schwannoma presenting with melena and anemia. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a protruded huge mass from 3 cm below the cardia to angle. Seven endoscopic biopsies indicated only necrotic debri and granulation tissue, chronic gastritis. Because we suspected an advanced gastric cancer, or lymphoma with bleeding, It was performed an operation for an exact diagnosis and a treatment for bleeding. A-post-operative histopathological, immunohistochemical examination led to the final diagnosis of a gastric schwannoma.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.187-196
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• 2005

Since the allowable bearing capacities of piles in weathered/fractured rock are mainly governed by settlement, the load-displacement behavior of pile should be known accurately. To predict pile head settlement at the design stage, the exact understanding of the load-transfer mechanisms is essential. Therefore, in this research, the load-transfer mechanism of drilled shaft socketed into weathered rock was investigated. For the investigation, five cast-in-place concrete piles with diameters of 1,000 mm were socketed into weathered gneiss. The static axial load tests and the load-transfer measurements were performed to examine the axial resistant behavior of the piles. A comprehensive field/laboratory testing program on weathered rock at the Held test sites was also performed to describe the in situ rock mass conditions quantitatively. And then, the effect of rock mass condition on the load transfer mechanism was investigated. The f-w (side shear resistance-displacement) curve of the pile in moderately weathered rock reached to yielding point at a for millimeter displacements, and after yielding point, the rate of resistance increment dramatically decreased. However, the f-w curve in the highly/completely weathered rock did not show the obvious yielding point, and the resistance gradually increased showing the hyperbolic pattern until relatively high displacement (>15 mm). The q-w (end bearing resistance-displacement) curves showed linear response at least until the base displacement of approximately 10 mm, regardless of rock mass conditions.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.115-118
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• 2002

Parameters used in a speaker recognition system are desirable expressing speaker's characteristics filly and have in a speech. That is to say, if inter-speaker than intra-speaker variance a big characteristic, it is useful to distinguish between speakers. Also, to make minimum error between speakers, it is required the improved recognition technology as well as the distinguishing characteristics. When we see the result of recent simulation performance, we obtain more exact performance by using dynamic characteristics and constant characteristics by a speaking habit. Therefore we suggest it to solve this problem as followings. The prosodic information is used by a characteristic vector of speech. Characteristics vector generally using in speaker recognition system is a modeling spectrum information and is working for a high performance in non-noise circumstance. However, it is found a problem that characteristic vector is distorted in noise circumstance and it makes a reduction of recognition rate. In this paper, we change pitch line divided by segment which can estimate a dynamic characteristic and it is used as a recognition characteristic. we confirmed that the dynamic characteristic is very robust in noise circumstance with a simulation. We make a decision of acceptance or rejection by comparing test pattern and recognition rate using the proposed algorithm has more improvement than using spectrum and prosodic information. Especially stational recognition rate can be obtained in noise circumstance through the simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1971

Studies were undertaken on the changes in the renal blood flow by relating them with the alterations in the amplitudes in the rheogram of rabbits. The changing pattern of the electrical conductivity was recorded by means of the needle electrodes inserted into the kidney and the surrounding aluminium foil which was grounded. The Impedance Rheograph manufactured by the Narco Company was used. The small artifact which persisted after ligation of the renal vessels was subtracted from the value obtained in each pulsatile wave in the rheogram. The animals were nembutalized intravenously, 30 mg/kg. A plastic canule was inserted into the carotid artery and the arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously with the pressure transducer connected to the physiograph. Stepwise bleedings were performed on the animal. The first bleeding was between 13 to 18 ml in the amount, and it was folowed by consecutive hemorrhages, 5 or 10 ml each time. The total amount of bleeding was summed as much as 1.5-2% of the body weight. Two minutes fter each bleeding th arterial blood pressure, ECG and the rheogram were taken. That was the necessary time to obtain the stabilized picture of each parameter. After closing the bleeding process, the shed blood was retransfused into the animal and the response in the renal blood flow was observed as well as the arterial blood pressure. Particularly the presence or absence of the autoregulatory mechanism in the situation of the hemorrhage was also studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In 7 cases out of 22, that was about one third of the total number of experiments, the autoregulatory mechanism of the renal blood flow persisted even in acute hemorrhage, and the decreases in the renal blood flow were less than 10% of the control values even when the arterial blood pressure dropped to 66-87% of the original value obtained before the bleeding. 2. Because of the stepwise bleeding the exact blood pressure at which the renal blood flow reduced as much as one third of the control value could not be obtained. However, the results revealed that the approximate pressure, expressed as percentage of the control value, was 50-60% in 3 cases, 61-70% in 4 cases and 71-80% in 8 cases. In one case the decrease in the renal blood flow exceeded one third of the control value before the pressure dropped to 80% of the control. 3. In 19 cases the decreases in the renal blood flow exceeded one half of the control values by hemorrhage. Then the arterial blood pressure revealed less than 40% of the control value in 6-cases. In 2 cases the pressure was 51-60% of the control pressure. In 5 cases the range of bleed pressure was 61-70%, and in e remaining 6 cases the pressure ranged from 71 to 80% of e control value. 4. Out of 15 cases of retransfusion after definite decreases in the renal blood flow loller·ing the hemorrhage, 9 cases restored their renal blood flow. On the contrary 6 cases showed low values even when the shed blood was retransfused. 5. Theories concerning the mechanism of the autoregulation of the renal blood flow were reviewed for the purpose of explanation of the results obtained. However, there are much to be done before greater satisfaction

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

A damage estimation method is presented for jacket-type support structure of offshore wind turbine using a change of modal properties due to damage and committee of neural networks for effective structural health monitoring. For more practical monitoring, it is necessary to monitor the critical and prospective damaged members with a limited number of measurement locations. That is, many data channels and sensors are needed to identify all the members appropriately because the jacket-type support structure has many members. This is inappropriate considering economical and practical health monitoring. Therefore, intensive damage estimation for the critical members using a limited number of the measurement locations is carried out in this study. An analytical model for a jacket-type support structure which can be applied for a 5 MW offshore wind turbine is established, and a training pattern is generated using the numerical simulations. Twenty damage cases are estimated using the proposed method. The identified damage locations and severities agree reasonably well with the exact values and the accuracy of the estimation can be improved by applying the committee of neural networks. A verification experiment is carried out, and the damage arising in 3 damage cases is reasonably identified.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2017

Objectives The goal of this review was to investigate clinical, experimental and literature studies of Korean medicine on atopic dermatitis (AD) of Korean children in Korean medicine literature, seeking for the better research methods for more effective treatments. Methods Electronic investigations were practiced on AKOP (The Association of Korean Oriental Pediatrics, http://www.akop.or.kr) to collect theses which were published by J Pediatr Korean Med. The key word 'Atopy' was used for searching to ensure that every related thesis was collected. The publication date was limited from 1996 to 2016. The selected literatures were assessed mainly according to distributions of study type, publication year, scale, treatment and its efficacy. Results 55 papers were selected from 59 studies. In these collected 55 related theses, there were 29 experimental studies (52.73%), 18 clinical studies (32.73%), 8 review studies (14.55%). In the 29 experimental studies, there were 20 studies (68.97%) using NC/Nga mouse as subjects. The mite antigen was used to trigger AD by 8 studies (27.59%). The studies have been utilizing DNCB and DNFB instead of mite antigen since 2011. All the experimental studies showed that the Korean medicine was effective in AD. In total 18 clinical studies, 3 studies (16.67%) were case reports, only 1 thesis (5.56%) was conducted by case control study and the rest were case series studies. 7 studies (38.89%) of 18 studies diagnosed AD according to Hanifin and Rajka's diagnostic criteria (1980), only 1 study (5.56%) according to the Korean standard and the rest 10 studies (55.56%) didn't mention diagnostic criteria. 12 clinical studies (66.67%) showed efficacy in treating AD. There were 10 studies (55.56%) only employing internal treatments and 1 thesis (5.56%) didn't mention the exact prescription. Naesowhajungtang-kamibang, Saenghyeoryunbue-um were used 3 times (16.67%) as the internal medicine respectively. 5 theses (27.78%) were combined with acupuncture therapy. Hegu (LI4), Sanyinjiao (SP6) were used in 4 theses, and Taichong (LR3), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36) in 3 theses. The number of acupoints chosen from The Spleen meridian of Foot-Taiyin was the largest. There were 8 review theses. 2 were about the foreign oriental medicine, 3 were about the external medicine or external treatment methods, and 3 other studies were about severity scoring systems, the methodological study in the latest clinical study, overview for pattern and results of herbal medicine-derived AD clinical researches. Conclusions The experimental studies and clinical studies showed the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments. However, this study still needs improving by conducting more comparative studies and using better research methods, in order to find more effective treatments to improve clinical efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.212-221
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• 1999

Tongue examination is the most unique and important diagnostic method of oriental medicine. It reveals patients condition and give some information about direction of therapy and background of disease as well as produces clue of duration of disease changing that grasps it from outside. The aims of this study show that results of tongue examination is related to somewhat special pattern. we study 27 patients(age of means: 63.01 years old, male: 14, female: 13) who come to Wonkwang University Oriental-Medicine Hospital at Chonju with diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus complications. Tongue colors of this study result in pale-red 8 cases, pale 6 cases, red 6 cases, crimson 5 cases, blue-green-purple 2 cases and tongue fur of this study result in white-fur 16 cases, yellow-fur 7 cases, black-fur 1 case, none-fur 3 cases. And the condition of tongue fur with grimy and thin result in thin-white-fur 12 cases, white-grimy-fur 4 cases, thin-yellow-fur 5 cases, grimy-yellow-fur 2 cases, black-fur 1 case. Means level of fasting glucose during 7 days was $223.24{\pm}32.l7mg/dl$ and postprandial 2hours was $286.37{\pm}24.54mg/dl$ There were no changes in tongue body and tongue color but changes occur in tongue fur with 9cases in this period. 5 cases of patient make a difference between FBS(fasting blood glucose) and postprandial blood glucose level more than l00mg/dl (2 cases of patient with thin-white-fur gradually turned to slight-yellow-fur. There were no changes in 2 cases of patient with crimson-none-fur and pale-white-fur. 1 case of patient with slimy-yellow-fur turned to black fur.) 11 cases of patient had lesser than $10\%$ hemoglobin $A_lC$ and tongue color of these patient were pale-red 5cases, pale 2 cases, red 2 cases, crimson 2 cases. 16 cases of patient had more than $10\%$ Hemoglobin $A_1C$ and tongue color of these patients were pale-red 3 cases, pale 4 cases, red 4 cases, crimson 3 cases, blue 2 cases. This result shows that quantity of Hemoglobin $A_1C$ make a somewhat role in tongue color. The above results show that tongue color, fur color, condition and change of fur in diabetes mellitus patients is various in pale-red, pale, crimson, none-fur. So it is difficult to give an exact diagnosis on pathology of diabetes mellitus only with tongue examination because there are a little matches between blood glucose level, prevalence-period, short-term blood glucose regulation and tongue and fur colors.