• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4307-4312
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy worldwide and its incidence is on the rise in Pakistan. The aim of this case-control study was to quantify the association of various risk factors with breast cancer risk among Pakistani women. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,246 women were studied, including 1,238 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer patients and age matched control subjects (N=1008) without breast cancer and other chronic diseases. Subjects were interviewed using a specifically designed questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was applied. Subsequent disease-specific mortality was also measured. Results: In this study, majority of the breast cancer patients (69.59%) were in age ranges of 40s and 50s. BMI greater than 25kg/m2 (OR=1.57; 95%CI, 1.26-1.90 and OR=1.60; 95%CI, 1.26-2.03), marital status of unmarried (OR=2.03; 95%CI, 1.69-2.44), lack of breast feeding, smoking (current or ever), lack of physical activity and post-menopausal status were found to have significant positive associations with breast cancer. It was also observed that increased parity reduced the disease risk. A larger number of cases (58.1%) had their right breast affected while 22.8% had other complications as well. Conclusions: This exploratory analysis indicated a number of risk factors to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer. It was also observed that mean age at diagnosis is a decade earlier than in western countries. It is hoped that our findings will facilitate establishment of adequate evidence-based awareness and preventive measures for Pakistani women.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.210-220
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• 2011

Purpose: The aims of this study were to describe and interpret the nature of the experience inherent in the sex life of female breast cancer patients after treatment and understand the meaning behind it. Methods: The participants were 10 female breast cancer patients who were married. Data were collected from March to September 2010. Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology was adopted in this qualitative study as a research method. Results: There were 4 essential topics in the participants' experience of sex life; 'Sex life alert' was a result of negative changes in sexual relationships with spouse that they had never experienced before the breast cancer diagnosis; 'Precarious situation for pending divorce' was an experience of deteriorated sex life because of the failure to overcome 'sex life alert'; 'Sublimation of the difficulties by discovering an alternative solution' was an experience of discovering a solution to overcome the 'sex life alert'. 'Leaving it as unsettled' was an experience of a condition in which the participants did not have any intension to resolve the difficulties in sex life due to the lack of appropriate support, thus tried to ignore the challenges faced. Conclusion: This study illustrates the necessity to develop proper nursing intervention on the issues related to sex life among breast cancer patients. Given the fact that the sexual topics are often considered taboo in day to day nursing practice, special attention and efforts need to be given in this area to build up nursing knowledge and evidence-based practice.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.169-186
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide clinical evidence to support the use of acupuncture combined herbal medicine for post-stroke depression. Methods: Studies were identified by searching Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, NDSL, RISS, KMbase, KISS, and CNKI. Randomized controlled trials that verified effects of the acupuncture combined with the herbal medicine for PSD were included in this study. Literature searches of English, Chinese, and Korean databases were performed. Two authors independently extracted the data and assembled the study quality. Results: Of 698 RCTs screened, 17 RCTs were selected. Most of the studies had unclear risk of bias. Among the 17 RCTs, 10 were meta-analyzed. As for the outcome measurement, the effective rate and the HAMD were most commonly used. The meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the PSD cure effective rate in the acupuncture combined with herbal medicine group was higher than that in the Western medicine group (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.33, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Also, the HAMD in the acupuncture combined with herbal medicine group was significantly different compared to the Western medicine group (MD -5.54, 95% CI -9.80 to -1.29, p=0.01, I²=99%). The quality of the selected RCTs was low. Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with herbal medicine is effective for treating post-stroke depression. However, It is worth noting that the included studies were of relatively poor quality. The sample sizes were also small. Based on the findings of this study, further investigations into the diagnosis and treatment of PSD are warranted.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this systematic review is to confirm whether Gwibitang is beneficial in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Methods : Clinical trials were searched from databases including Pubmed, Embase, Central Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP, CiNii, OASIS, Koreamed, and NDSL. The eligible study design was limited into randomized controlled trial, quasi-randomized controlled trial and controlled clinical trial. The outcomes included general effectiveness as nominal scale, and fatigue severity, insomnia severity and quality of life as interval or ratio scale. The meta-analysis and assessment of risk of bias was performed based on the data extracted from the selected trials. Results : The results of eight randomized controlled trials (n=596) were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the synthesis showed Gwibitang is beneficial substantially for relieving and managing the general symptoms, and its heterogeneity was not in important level (RR 0.26 [95% CI 0.17, 0.39], Z=6.47, P<0.00001, I²=0%). Gwibitang was beneficial for alleviating fatigue (SMD -0.78 [95% CI -1.27, -0.30], Z=3.17, P=0.002), but its certainty was low. In case of insomnia, too few trials had been found and their risk of bias was substantial, so no conclusions had been brought to. Conclusions : We found an evidence that Gwibitang could be beneficial for managing and alleviating main symptoms in CFS patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.362-413
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to examine the recent clinical research trends on the efficiency of traditional herb medicine (THM) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to provide clinical evidence of herbal medicine, Banhasasin-tang or Banxiexin decoction by using a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (RCTs). Methods: In this study, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included that verified effects of traditional herbal medicine (THM), including a Banxia-xiexin-tang decoction, as a treatment for GERD. A study of the literature in Chinese and Korean databases was performed for papers published from January 1, 2010, to January 1, 2020. The selected literature was assessed by Cochrane's risk of bias (RoB). Results: A total of 90 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Except for four RCT studies, all studies identified the effect of a Banxia-xiexin-tang decoction in the treatment of GERD. The effectiveness of treatment was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group, as shown through various evaluation indicators, including the reflux disease diagnostic questionnaire (RDQ). Adverse effects were reported in 22 articles (24.44%). Conclusions: Treatment with Banhasasin-tang, or a Banxia-xiexin-tang decoction, was found to be effective in treating GERD. However, due to the low quality of available studies, the significance of this conclusion is somewhat limited. This study could serve as a foundation for further clinical studies on the development of diagnosis and treatment methods for GERD based on Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.114-117
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• 2017

A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of low back pain and intermittent right thigh pain. Twelve weeks before admission, the patient received intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) at a local hospital. The patient still reported low back pain after the procedure that was managed with narcotic analgesics. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, and his referring physician thought the likely diagnosis was spondylodiscitis at the L4-5 spinal segment with a small epidural abscess. At admission to our department, the patient reported aggravated low back pain. Blood test results, including the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels, were slightly elevated. Biopsy samples of the L4, L5 vertebral bodies and disk were obtained. The material underwent aerobic, anaerobic, fungal, mycobacterial cultures and histologic examination. Results of all cultures were negative. Histologically, necrosis of the bone was evident from the number of empty osteocyte lacunae. In addition, there was no evidence of infection based on biopsy results. No antibiotic treatment was administered on discharge. Repeat computed tomography and MRI performed 12 months after IDET showed a bony defect in the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies, and a decrease in the size of the L4-5 intervertebral disc lesion. We report a case of lumbar vertebral osteonecrosis induced by IDET and discuss etiology and radiologic features.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was aimed to figure out korean medicine doctors' opinion and treatment of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting korean medicine doctors belonging to the Korean Association of Oriental Medicine by e-mail and text and analyzed the answers. Results: 1. The average monthly number of patients visiting the respondents' clinics for PMS was 2.7, the main age group was 20-30s (80.8%) and the treatments the patients given before were mostly western treatments such as painkiller and combined oral contraceptives. 2. The treatment period for PMS was mostly less than 3 months (69%), and the frequency of acupuncture treatment was the most twice per week (41.1%). 3. The most effective herbal medicine for affective symptoms was Soyo-san, and for physical symptoms was Gyejibokryung-hwan. The most commonly used acupuncture point was 三陰交 (SP6). 4. Other opinions of the clinicians about Korean medicine clinical practice guideline of PMS were the need for promotion of PMS, convenience of taking herbal medicines and price competitiveness. Conclusions: We figured out korean medicine doctors' opinion of PMS CPG, clinical diagnosis and treatment.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2024

Objective : In order to understand the changes in domestic approval regulations applicable to traditional Korean medical device companies, this article will explain the major amendments 「Regulation on Medical Device Approval Report Review, etc.」 from 2005 to the present on a year-by-year basis, and provide a counter plan to the recent changes in approval regulations. Methods : We analysed the changes in approval regulatory amendments related to the traditional Korean medical devices from 2005 to the present. Results : The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is continuously improving medical device approval regulations to ensure the global competitiveness of domestic medical devices and contribute to the improvement of public health. Recent major approval regulatory amendments include the establishment of a review system for software medical devices and digital therapeutics, the recognition of real world evidence materials, the introduction of a biological evaluation of medical devices within a risk management process and a medical device approval licence renewal system. Conclusions : It is expected that the range of medical devices available to Korean medicine doctors will continue to expand in the future through the provision of non-face-to-face medical services and the development of advanced and new medical devices, as well as wearable medical devices and digital therapeutics. In order to increase the market entry potential of traditional Korean medical devices that incorporate advanced technologies such as digital technology and AI-based diagnosis and prediction technology, it is urgent that the government provide significant support to traditional Korean medical device companies to improve approval regulatory compliance.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1359-1367
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• 2008

DSOM(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine) was made as a computerized assistant program for oriental medicine doctors to be able to diagnose with statistical basis. Then DSOM uses questionnaires filled out by subjects without enough explanatory guide. If the subject misunderstand the meaning of the passages, we might not rely on that result. So I designed this study to investigate the diagnostic correspondent rates between DSOM and practitioners. First, let the respondents answer to DSOM(DSOM-Ⅰ for the rest). After that, three doctors diagnosed the respondents and marked how much they had symptoms about 16 pathogenic factors in the score range 0${\sim}$5('0' means they didn't have that symptom, '1' means they had that symptom but mild, '3' means they had that symptom moderately, '5' means they had that symptom severely. And let the respondents answer to DSOM(DSOM-Ⅱ for the rest) again. Finally, we investigated the correspondent rates of diagnosis between DSOM-Ⅰ,Ⅱ and doctors'. We obtained conclusions as following. In the comparison of output frequency rate of the pathogenic factors, the difference between DSOM-Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 1%. In the correspondent rates of diagnosis between DSOM-Ⅰ,Ⅱ and doctors', In DSOM-Ⅰ and Ⅱ answered by subjects two times respectively, the correspondent rate was highest in insufficiency of Yang(陽虛) and liver(肝) as 93.2%, lowest in damp(濕) as 69.5% and showed 81.9% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean. In DSOM-Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and Doctors' diagnose, they showed the complete correspondent rates of 15.3${\sim}$61.0%, 15.3${\sim}$59.3% in individual pathogenic factor, 36.5%, 37.3% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean each, and within ${\pm}$1 errorrange, they showed the correspondent rates of 32.2${\sim}$93.2%, 35.6${\sim}$89.8% in individual pathogenic factor, 67.6%, 67.3% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean each, and within ${\pm}$2 error range, they showed the correspondent rates of 62.7${\sim}$98.3%, 71.2${\sim}$100% in individual pathogenic factor, 85.1 87.6%% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean each. In the correspondent rates of the severe case, In the cases that the Doctors' diagnostic score mean was over 3(the severity of disease is middle), there were deficiency of qi(氣虛), stagnation of qi(氣滯), blood stasis(血瘀), damp(濕), liver(肝), heart(心), spleen(脾) and they all showed the correspondent rates of over 60 except blood stasis(血瘀). In the cases that the weighed pathogenic factor was above 9, the correspondent rates were 50${\sim}$100%. deficiency of qi(氣虛), blood-deficiency(血虛), stagnation of qi(氣滯), blood stasis(血瘀), insufficiency of Yin(陽虛), insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), coldness(寒), heat (熱), damp(濕), dryness(燥), liver(肝), heart(心), spleen(脾), kidney(腎), phlegm(痰).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

연구배경: 폐색전증의 진단에 있어 확전법인 폐동맥 조영술은 관혈적이고 임상에서의 제약이 있으며, 폐환기-관류주사는 비고확률 소견인 경우 진단적 민감도 및 특이도가 낮은 문제가 있다. 혈장 D-dimer는 섬유소분 해산물로 임상적으로 폐색전증이 의심되는 환자에서 증가되는 것이 알려져 있어 혈장 D-dimer의 측정이 폐색전증에 있어 어떤 진단적 가치가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 전향적 임상연구로 정상대조군 21예와 폐색전증 환자군 9예에서 latex agglutination법에 의해 혈장 D-dimer를 측정하고 폐동맥조영술 결과와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 대조군 및 폐색전증군의 혈장 D-dimer치; 대조군의 혈장 D-dimer치는 21예중 0.5 mg/L 미만 11예, 0.5 mg/L 보다 높은 경우 10예 였고, 폐색전증군 9예중 0.5 mg/L 미만 1예, 0.5 mg/L 보다 8예로 혈장 D-dimer치가 0.5 mg/L 이상으로 증가된 양성율은 폐색전증군에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 많았다(p=0.049). 2) 혈장 D-dimer치의 진단적 효용; 혈장 D-dimer치 0.5 mg/L를 cut-off으로 했을 때 폐색전증 진단의 민감도 88.9%(8/9), 특이도 52.4%(11/21), 양성예측치 44.4%(8/18) 및 음성 예측치 91.7%(11/12)였다. 결론: 폐색전증의 진단에 있어 D-dimer의 측정치가 cut-off(0.5 mg/L)치 이내인 경우 폐색전증의 존재 가능성은 매우 적을 것으로 사료되었다.