• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

Extract from Gryllus bimaculatus crickets inhibits oxidation at the DNA level, with reduced production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene expression profiles of aged (10 months old) Wistar Kyoto rats treated for one month with 100 mg/kg G. bimaculatus ethanol extract to assess the effects. The extract produced a meaningful anti-edema effect, evident by the inhibition of creatinine phosphokinase activity. The weights of abdominal and ovarian adipose tissues were reduced and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissues was increased in an extract dose-dependent manner. Compared with untreated control rats, rats treated with the extract displayed the upregulation of 1053 genes including Fas (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6), Amigo3 (adhesion molecule with an immunoglobulin-like domain), Reticulon 4, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (Hmgcr; a reductase), related anti-fatigue (enzyme metabolism), and Rtn antioxidant, and the downregulation of 73 genes including Ugt2b (UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family), Early growth response 1, and Glycoprotein m6a. Data suggest that G. bimaculatus extract may have value in lessening the effects of aging, resulting in a differential gene expression pattern indicative of a marked stress response and lower expression of metabolic and biosynthetic genes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 1996

This study was designed to determine the effect of newly synthesized antiulcer agent, 5-pyrrolyl-6-halo-2-(pyridyl-2-methylthio)benzimidazole derivatives (IY-81233), on various experimental ulcers and on the secretion of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ into the gastric lumen of rat. IY-81233 was previously reported to have a strong inhibitory effect on $H^+/K^$-ATPase and on gastric acid secretion in rats. Oral administration of IY-81233 at concentrations of 0.2, 2.0, and 20 mg/kg inhibited gastric lesions and duodenal ulcer induced by indomethacin, HCI-ethanol, water-immersion stress, cysteamine, and acetic acid in a dose dependent manner. Their IC$IC_{50}$ values were 3.4, 1.4, 0.8, 1.3, and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that IY-81233 is a potent antiulcer agent although it is slightly less potent than omeprazole in healing of gastritis and ulcers. The secretion of $PGE_2$ into gastric lumen was also investigated in relation to the cytoprotective effect by IY-81233 in rats. The $PGE_2$ level was not changed significantly by an oral administration of IY-81233, suggesting that IY-81233 has little effect on the gastric protection. Therefore, it can be concluded that IY-81233 exerts prominent antiulcer activity by suppressing gastric acid secretion via an inhibition of a proton pump and not by protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa against various ulcerative stimuli.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2020

Objectives : This study investigated the liver-protective effects of MJY2018, a Herbal formula, against alcoholic fatty liver disease and anti-oxidative effects. Methods : Its effects were investigated in an alcoholic fatty liver disease model in male C57BL/6 mice, which were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol. MJY2018 (100 and 200 mg/kg bw/day) or silymarin (50 mg/kg bw/day) were orally administered daily in the alcoholic fatty liver disease mice for 16 days. Results : The results indicate that MJY2018 promotes hepatoprotection by significantly reducing aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels as indicators of liver damage in the serum. Furthermore, MJY2018 reduced accumulation of triglyceride and total cholesterol, increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the livers of the alcoholic fatty liver disease mice model. Additionally, it improved the serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Conclusions : These results indicate that MJY2018 were effective in improving and protecting oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.206-216
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• 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of xanthorrhizol (XTZ) on E. faecalis, compared with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods Normal physiological state (NS), starvation state (SS), and alkalization state (AS) of E. faecalis were used. A solution containing 1% XTZ in 30% ethanol, 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 100 mg/ml sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was used and is referred to as Xan in this study. To determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Xan and CHX, $500{\mu}l$ of E. faecalis (NS and two stress states) was added to a microtube containing $500{\mu}l$ of serial 2-fold dilutions of 1% Xan and 2% CHX (1:2-1:128). The MBC of each antimicrobial was determined by the plate count method. Results The antibacterial effect of Xan was more effective on E. faecalis in AS than in the other states (NS, SS) at 0.125% Xan and 0.03325% Xan (P<0.05). In contrast, the antibacterial effect of CHX was more effective against E. faecalis in SS than the other states (NS, AS) at 0.0625% CHX (P<0.05). In SS, the antibacterial effect of CHX was more effective than that of Xan at 0.125% and 0.0625% (P<0.05). However, in AS, the antibacterial effect of Xan was more effective than that of CHX at 0.0625% and 0.03325% (P<0.05). Conclusions In endodontic retreatment cases in which it is important to effectively remove E. faecalis from the infected root canal, Xan may be more suitable when combined with NaOCl than CHX.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

This study investigated the protective effect of the butanol (BuOH) fraction from fermented Laminaria japonica extract (BFLJ) on AAPH-induced oxidative stress in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1 cells). L. japonica was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae at $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. Freeze-dried fermented L. japonica was extracted with distilled water, and the extracted solution was mixed with ethanol and then centrifuged. The supernatant was subjected to sequential fractionation with various solvents. The BuOH fraction was used in this study because it possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among the various solvent fractions. The BuOH fraction of fermented L. japonica had a protective effect against the AAPH-induced LLC-PK1 cells damage and increased cell viability while reducing lipid peroxidation formation and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The inhibitory effect of BFLJ on lipid peroxidation formation had a higher value of $0.11{\pm}0.01nmol$ MDA at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration in comparison with intact BuOH fraction showing $0.22{\pm}0.08nmol$ MDA at the same concentration. Furthermore, BFLJ treatment increased glutathione concentration. GSH concentration in the cell treated with BFLJ of $100{\mu}g/mL$ was $1.80pmol/L{\times}10^5cells$. These results indicate that BFLJ protects the LLC-PK1 cells against AAPH-induced cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation formation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione concentration.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the preventive effect of three forms of Korean ginseng roots (fresh, white and red) against bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity in mouse male germ cells (GC-2spd, TM3, TM4). ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation were measured by DCF-DA (2',7'-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate) assay. Also, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, Bax (pro-apoptotic gene) and Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic gene). ROS generation was increased by $50{\mu}M$ BPA, but definitely decreased by treatment with Korean ginseng extracts (fresh, white and red) in mouse male germ cells. In especial, Korean fresh ginseng extract reduced significantly ROS production to normal control. In addition, Korean fresh and white ginseng extracts suppressed the apoptosis of mouse male germ cells by fine-tuning mRNA levels of apoptotic genes changed by BPA. In general, Korean fresh ginseng extract was more effective than white ginseng extract for reducing BPA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse male germ cells. Therefore, Korean fresh and white ginseng may help to alleviate biphenol A toxicity in mouse male germ cells.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.825-839
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• 2014

Antioxidant activity is important for reducing oxidative stress that causes various metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders are highly related to loss of productivity in livestock. Therefore, development of effective antioxidant compounds originating from plants is important for organic agriculture. Phenolic compounds in edible plants are regarded as major components relevant to antioxidant activity. The present study investigated the changes in antioxidant activity and phenolic compound profiles of Aronia (Aronia meloncarpa) by fermentation using different strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. A total of 5 strains of L. mesenteroides were used as starter cultures and their ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities were measured. A total of 6 experiment runs were prepared, one for control (uninoculated) and the others (inoculated) for treatments. For biological activity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured. For phenolic compound profiling, TLC and HPLC analysis were performed. The strains of KACC12313 and KACC12315 showed greater enzyme activity than others. Treatment with KCCM35046 showed strong and broad antibacterial activity against to Listeria monocytogenes. Treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed the highest total polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was found in KACC12315 treatment. No remarkable alteration was found in thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. In phenolic compound profiling analysis, KCCM35046 showed notable alteration in compound area ratio compared to others and also showed the highest caffeic acid content. In chlorogenic acid, treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed great content than others. Treatment with KACC12315 showed the greatest content of trans-ferulic acid. As a result of relative performance indexing analysis, L. mesenteroides KCCM35046 and KACC12315 were selected as the best strain for the fermentation of Aronia.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.496-503
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• 1994

The combined products of antacids(AM) composed of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone with a ratio of 1 : 1 : 0.1 and aceglutamide aluminium(AGA) were assayed for the antiulcer activity. The effect of the antacids(AM) in concurrent treatment with AGA was studied in acute gastric lesion induced by Shay's method, stress, ethanol, and indomethacin, in chronic gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid, and in duodenal ulcer induced by mepirizole. In all experimental models, the combined treatment of AM and AGA in the ratio of 2.3:1 showed significant potentiation in inhibition against acute gastric and duodenal ulcer and revealed a significant potentiation of the healing of chronic gastric ulcer.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2020

Mulberry root bark is one of potential plant sources for antioxidant materials which can be used for the relief of oxidative stress. To explore the effects of solvent type and temperature on the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of the root bark extracts, we prepared various extracts of mulberry root bark (Morus alba L.) using 0 - 100 % ethanol (EtOH) at RT - 100℃. EtOH concentration and temperature critically affected the extraction yields, the content of bioactive components, and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Use of high content of EtOH solvent and low temperature resulted in the low extraction yield. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the extract prepared using absolute EtOH at room temperature contained polyphenols and flavonoids with the highest contents among other extracts. Interestingly, the temperature differently affected the polyphenol and flavonoid contents according to the solvent types. In the case of 30% EtOH solvent, polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased with an increase in temperature, whereas in the case of 70 and 100 % EtOH, these contents decreased. Using the radical scavenging assay, it was confirmed that the 100% EtOH extracts had higher antioxidant activity compared to distilled water (DW) extracts regardless of temperature. Also, heating might extract more antioxidant components from the root bark. Especially, the extract prepared using 30% EtOH solvent at 100℃ showed the highest antioxidant activity. Taken together, these experimental results imply that the extraction parameters should be designed carefully considering the productivity, the extracted bioactive components, and antioxidant activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Objective : Citri Unshius Pericarpium (Citrus unshiu peel) has been used in Korean medicine to treat indigestion, vomiting, coughing and phlegm. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu peel (CEE) in cadmium (CdCl2)-treated mouse model. Methods : CEE was dissolved in water and administered orally to mice once a day for 7 consecutive days. The mice were then exposed to a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium (4 mg/kg body weight) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver tissue samples were collected, analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histopathological evaluation. Liver damage was assessed as the percentage of degenerative areas of the hepatic parenchyma, the number of degenerative hepatocytes, and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Results : In cadmium-treated rats, pretreatment with CEE significantly reduced the serum ALT and AST levels associated with liver damage. Histopathologically, CEE prevented degenerative changes on the hepatic tissues including confluent necrosis, congestions and infiltration of inflammatory cells. CEE also reduced the elevation of oxidative stress markers (nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal) and apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) positive cells. PARP protein expression in liver tissue was also restored by CEE. Conclusion : This study showed that CEE exerted antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects against cadmium-induced liver injury. Thus, it can be concluded that CEE can be used to prevent liver damage caused by cadmium.