• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2002

To Produce the modified Cheongiu that has high ethanol content, an ethanol-tolerant strain Saccharo-myces cerevislae SE2l1 was screened from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai No. 10 strain. The isolate showed faster growth than in the medium containing 10% ethanol compared with original strain. The isolate produced a higher concentration of ethanol and showed higher resistance to ethanol, high osmolarity and heat than the original strain. The analyses of yeast membrane components indicated that there were no significant changes in composition of sterols and phospholipids between the isolated and the original strain. However, during the fermentation, the iso-lated strain could change the fatty acid composition in the membrane more rapidly in the direction of decreasing membrane unsaturation and accumulate more trehalose in the cell than the original strain. These data suggest that the ability to change its membrane fatty acid composition and to accumulate trehalose may make the isolated strain easily adapt to changes in external condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.41 no.11
• /
• pp.749-757
• /
• 2017

To cope with the development of alternative fuels and international environmental regulations, this study provides a numerical analysis of the effects of composition and temperature changes of n-decane and ethanol on auto-ignition characteristics. CHEMKIN-PRO is used as the analysis program and the LLNL model is used as the reaction model. The numerical results show that the ignition delay time increases as the mole fraction of ethanol increases for temperatures below 1000 K, where low temperature reactions occur. Because of the high octane number of ethanol, the high percentage of ethanol delays the increase in the concentration of OH radicals that cause ignition. The oxygen concentration in the mixture is changed to apply the exhaust gas recirculation and a numerical analysis is then performed. As the oxygen concentration decreases, the total ignition delay time increases because the nitrogen gas acts as a thermal load in the combustion chamber.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.382-386
• /
• 1997

In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the effects of steeping treatment on browning of onion hydrolysate. After steeping treatment with solvents, phenols content of methanol and ethanol were showed 25.1mg/ml and 24.9mg/ml. And absorbance of methanol and ethanol was showed 0.26 and 0.22. L and b value of treatment with methanol and ethanol were lower than other solvents. Browning reaction of onion hydrolysate was decreased with increasing concentration of ethanol. Treatment of above 80% ethanol was effective to remove phenols and was showed a low color intensity. Treatment with 80% ethanol was more effective than addition of cystein to remove phenols and to decrease browing degree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.689-694
• /
• 2003

Propolis obtained from honeybee hives has been used in oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, or immunomodulatory agent. To prepare granule depending on operational parameters, such as glucose content to total sugar (X$_1$, 0~100%), ethanol concentration (X$_2$, 20~100%) and sprayed ethanol solution content (X$_3$, 6~10%) using propolis, response surface methodology was applied to monitor the changes in yield, fragmentation rate by shaking and organoleptic properties. Yield showed high with decreasing sprayed ethanol solution content and fragmentation rate by shaking decreased with increasing sprayed ethanol solution content. The organoleptic color, flavor, taste, mouth-feel and overall palatability were dependent on the glucose content to total sugar, ethanol concentration and sprayed ethanol solution content. Overall palatability was maximized in glucose content to total sugar 47.94%, ethanol concentration 56.45% and sprayed ethanol solution content 8.04% .

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.916-921
• /
• 2019

In this study, we constructed a biological system that exhibited thermotolerance, ethanol tolerance, and increased ethanol productivity using a random mutagenesis method. We attempted to isolate a thermotolerant mutant using proofreading-deficient DNA polymerase ${\delta}$ and ${\varepsilon}$ encoded by the pol3 and pol2 genes, respectively, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To obtain mutants that could grow at high temperatures ($38^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$), random mutagenesis of AMY410 (pol2-4) and AMY126 (pol3-01) strains was induced. The parental strains (AMY410 and AMY126) grew poorly at temperatures higher than $38^{\circ}C$. By stepwise elevation of the incubation temperature, AMY410-Ht (heat tolerance) and AMY126-Ht strains that proliferated at $40^{\circ}C$ were obtained. These strains were further incubated in medium containing 6% and 8% ethanol and then AMY410-HEt (heat and ethanol tolerance) and AMY126-HEt strain with ethanol tolerance at an 8% ethanol concentration was obtained. The AMY126-HEt strain grew even at an ethanol concentration of 10%. Furthermore, following the addition of high concentrations of glucose (5% and 10%), an AMY126-HEt3 strain with increased ethanol productivity was isolated. This strain produced 24.7 g/l of ethanol (95% theoretical conversion yield) from 50 g/l of glucose. The findings demonstrate that a new biological system (yeast strain) showing various phenotypes can be easily and efficiently bred by random mutagenesis of a proofreading- deficient mutant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.1098-1105
• /
• 2004

In order to develop natural food preservatives, the ethanol and water extracts of the Saururus chinensis Baill were prepared. Antimicrobial activity was examined against 10 kinds of harmful microorganisms. The ethanol and water extracts showed the most active antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. The ethanol extract showed stronger antimicrobial activity than that of the water extract. However, the extracts did not show any antimicrobial activity against lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ethanol extracts against B. subtilis and E. coli were 5 to 10 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was not destroyed at 40-12$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 3∼11. The ethanol extract was fractionated in the order of hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The highest antimicrobial activity was found in the diethyl ether fraction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.399-401
• /
• 1987

A gas chromatographic utilizing procedure headspace gas analysis is performed to study effect of malotilate on levels of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde in a blood sample from the rat. The concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde were determined simultaneously at 1, 3, and 6h after ethanol administration. Our results would suggest the malotilate could promote clearances of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood, and could accelerate it, especially, in $CCl_4$ pretreated rats.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol on the emulsion prepared by poly(oxyethylene) hydrogenated castor oils (HCOs)/oil/ethanol/water system. Emulsions were prepared using homogenizer as high-energy method. To evaluate effect of ethanol on the emulsion, physical properties such as droplet size and size distribution were determined and other components were almost fixed to analyze the effect of ethanol on the surfactant. In case of HCO-20, the droplet diameter was in micrometers and the droplet size was gradually deceased as the ethanol concentration was increased. The droplet diameter of nano-emulsion containing 4.00 % of HCO-30 was shown in nanometers and its mean droplet size was $128.15{\pm}1.06nm$ and the most stable at the 4.25 % of ethanol contents by the Form. 1 and $136.10{\pm}0.99nm$ at the 3.50 % of ethanol contents by the Form. 2. Similarly, the droplet diameter of nano-emulsion containing 4.00 % of HCO-40 and 4.50 % ethanol by the Form. 1 was $115.85{\pm}0.78nm$ and $121.15{\pm}0.35nm$ at the 3.25 % of ethanol by the Form. 2 and both size distributions were also narrow. Finally, the droplet size of nano-emulsion containing 4.00 % of HCO-60 and 2.25 % ethanol was $262.35{\pm}0.64nm$ and the most stable. The higher ethanol concentrations became the smaller size of emulsion became in the microscale emulsion but we determined nano-emulsion had a minimum size at a certain ethanol concentration. The results showed that the breakdown process of this nano-emulsion could be attributed to Ostwald ripening. This study about effect of ethanol on the emulsion showed that ethanol contents to prepare a stable emulsion could be determined as studying the effect of ethanol on the emulsion with the type of surfactants.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.994-1002
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and whitening effects of Zizania latifolia ethanol extracts prepared from 5 different ethanol concentrations (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90%). As the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent was increased, the radical scavenging activities also increased. The inhibitory activity of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells tended to increase as the content of ethanol increased. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained with 70% ethanol extract. The antiallergy effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts were tested by measuring the release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. The suppressive effect of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner as the proportion of ethanol increased, except for the 10% ethanol extract. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts against melanin production in ${\alpha}-melanocyte$ stimulated hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16F0 cells increased as the ethanol ratio increased, and 70 and 90% ethanol extracts showed similar inhibitory activities to arbutin, a positive control, at $250{\mu}m$. The present study confirmed the efficacy of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts in various areas, demonstrating antioxidative, anti-inflammation, antiallergy, skin protective, and skin whitening effects, with no cytotoxicity. It could be used as a raw material in functional foods, as well as in cosmetics.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2017

In this study, extracts from Caryopteris incana Miq. (C. incana) were investigated to assess anti-oxidation, skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity. The total phenolic compounds of C. incana extracts with water and 80 % ethanol showed 7.69 and 12.50 mg/g respectively. Antioxidation activity of C. incana extracts was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), protection factor (PF), and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). At concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84 and 92 %, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were both at approximately 99 %. Antioxidant PF of water and ethanol extracts were 1.56 PF and 1.67 PF, respectively. The TBARs of water and ethanol extracts were 62 and 82 %, respectively. In anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening activity, 80 % ethanol extract had more outstanding effect than water extract at concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The levels of elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity related with anti-wrinkle were 58 and 89 % in ethanol extract. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity related with skin-whitening was 13 % in ethanol extract. The astringent effect of ethanol extract was 50 %. Throughout the results, C. incana extracts showed an excellent effect on anti-oxidation, skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity. Therefore, C. incana extracts can be used as a new material for cosmetics.