• 대한방사선협회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2004

Purpose : We underwent this study to evaluate the factors which influence labelling efficiency when modified in vivo erythrocyte labeling technique was used. Materials and methods : Thirty healthy volunteers (M : F = 19 : 11, age : 25$\pm$2yrs)

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2004

목적: 변형 체내 표지법으로 적혈구 표지시 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자에는 수혈, 환자에게 투여된 약제, 염화주석의 양, 발생기 내부성장 시간, tinning 시간, 배양시간, 혈액 양, 항응고제의 종류, 채취한 혈액을 배양시 rotating invertor 사용 유무 등 매우 다양하다. 저자들은 tinning 시간, 혈액 양, 채취한 혈액을 배양시 rotating invertor 사용 유무, 배양시간, 항응고제의 종류에 따라 변형 체내 표지법으로 적혈구 표지시 높은 결합효율을 유지시키기 위한 최상의 조건을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 3월부터 2004년 2월까지 과거에 빈혈, 혈액응고 질환, 출혈성 질환 등의 질병이 없는 자발적인 지원자 30명(남:여=19:11, 연령: $25{\pm}2$세)을 대상으로 하였다. Tinning시간, 혈액 양, 배양시간과 항응고제의 종류에 대한 실험에서는 각각의 인자마다 15명을 대상으로 45개씩, 모두 180개의 혈액 샘플을 얻었고, rotating invertor 사용유무에 대한 실험에서는 15명을 대상으로 30개를 얻어 총 210개의 혈액 샘플을 얻었다. 채취 한 혈액샘플은 원심분리기에서 상층액과 하층액으로 분리시켜 각각의 결합효율을 계산한 후 SPSS 10.0 프로그램을 이용하여 paired T-test와 one way ANOVA통계 검정을 실시하였다. 결과: Tinning 시간에 따른 결합효율은 5분일 때 $45{\pm}23%$, 20분일 때 $97{\pm}8%$, 35분일 때 $98{\pm}6%$로 20분과 35분에서 유의하게 높은 결합효율을 보였다(p<0.001). 혈액 양에 따른 결합효율은 1 mL일 때 $73{\pm}32%$, 3 mL일 때 $91{\pm}10%$, 5 mL일 때 $96{\pm}7%$로 3 mL와 5 mL에서 유의하게 높은 결합효율을 보였다(p<0.05). Rotating invertor를 사용한 경우 결합효율은 $96{\pm}7%$로 사용하지 않은 경우의 $87{\pm}18%$에 비하여 높았으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 배양시간에 따른 결합효율은 10분일 때 $96{\pm}7%$, 25분일 때 $95{\pm}12%$, 40분일 때 $98{\pm}3%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 항응고제 종류에 따른 결합효율은 헤파린을 사용한 경우 $89{\pm}20%$, CPDA를 사용한 경우 $97{\pm}6%$, ACD를 사용한 경우 $98{\pm}4%$로 CPDA와ACD를 사용한 경우에 유의하게 높은 결합효율을 보였다(p<0.001). 결론: 변형 체내 표지법으로 적혈구를 표지시 우수한 결합효율을 유지하기 위해서는 채취하는 혈액의 양은 3 mL 이상, 배양시간은 10분 이상(10분-40분), 항응고제는 ACD나 CPDA tinning 시간은 20분 이상(20-35분)을 유지하고, 가능한 rotating invertor를 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 1986

[ $^{99m}Technetium-Heat$ ] damaged erythrocyte were used as spleen scanning agents in 12 patients from July, 1985 to April, 1986. We used this scan to evaluate situs inversus, asplenia, accessory spleen, hypersplenism, splenic infarction, tumor staging and evaluation of therapy, especially when the $^{99m}Tc-tin$ colloid scans were not definite for diagnosis. The techniques applied to these scans were in vivo/in vitro-labeling method and heating-method to damage the erythrocytes. Liver-to-spleen uptake ratios were increased upto 100 : 1 and interference from the left lobe of the liver was eliminated. These scans were helpful to evaluate the spleen.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2013

To classify the chemical hazard according to globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS), we investigated the genotoxicity of three chemicals, methyl myristate, 2-ethylhexanoic acid zinc salt, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, using male ICR mice bone marrow cells for the screening of micronucleus induction. Although these three chemicals have already been tested numerous times, a micronucleus test has not been conducted. The seven week-old male ICR mice were tested at three dosages for the three chemicals, respectively. After 24 h of oral administration with the three chemicals, the mice were sacrificed and their bone marrow cells were prepared for smearing slides. As a result of counting the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) of 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes, all treated groups expressed no statistically significant increase of MNPCE compared to the negative control group. There were no clinical signs related with the oral exposure of these three chemicals. It was concluded that these three chemicals did not induce micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of ICR mice, and there was no direct proportion with dosage. These results indicate that the three chemicals have no mutagenic potential under each test condition, and it is not classified these chemicals as mutagens by GHS.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2007

본 연구는 $^{99m}Tc$과 방사성 의약품인 적혈구(Erythrocyte)의 표지를 이용하여 신속한 핵의학적 검사를 시행해야 하는 환자들에게 표지효율 저하를 방지하여 영상의 정보를 더욱 정확하게 분석할 수 있도록 하기 위해 변형 체외 표지법을 이용한 방법에서 Stannous chloride($SnCl_2$) 양, 표지시간, 적혈구 농도, 헤모글로빈(Hb) 수치에 따른 변화를 비교하여 분석하였다. 간혈관종 검사와 위장관출혈 검사를 시행한 전체 55명의 환자 중 정상으로 판명된 15명은 정상군, 이상소견으로 판명된 40명은 환자군으로 분리한 후, 환자군 중 적혈구 농도가 정상보다 낮은 환자와 헤모글로빈이 낮은 환자들의 표지시간 변화에 따른 표지효율을 측정하였다. 그 결과 정상인의 경우 Tin의 양이나 표지시간이 표지효율에 미치는 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으나 환자의 경우에는 표지시간(Incubation time)이 30분보다 60분이 표지효율이 높게 측정되었다. 따라서 적혈구 농도, 헤모글로빈수치, 헤마토크리트 수치가 낮은 환자를 검사할 때 표지시간을 30분보다는 60분에서 시행하여 표지효율을 높여 보다 정확하고 좋은 영상정보를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.681-692
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to isolate Babesia gibsoni by culture method of the microaerophilous stationary phase(MASP) and analyse the antigenic properties of the parasite by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. The results obtained were summarized as follows. The protozoan parasite Babesia gibsoni multiplied in canine erythrocytes in RPMI 1640 medium(pH7.0) containing 20 40% normal canine serum under the MASP condition of 5% CO2 and 95% air at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator. The levels of parasitaemia in the erythrocytes were shown more higher by exchanging the medium at 24 hours interval. Under the above condition of MASP, the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes(PPE) after incubation for 8 days increased about 14 times more than that in the initiation of the 1% infected canine erythrocyte culture. The parasites were purely isolated from the MASP culture of red blood cells collected from dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni naturally or artificially. Among the total of 36 canine(Pit-bullterier) blood samples the parasites were isolated from 17 cases(47.2%) in the MASP culture while the parasites were detected from 20 cases(56%) and 12 cases(33.3%), respectively, by indirect fluorescent antibody(IFA) test and direct light microscopy(DLM). On the other hand, Babesia gibsoni was isolated by MASP culture from 15 cases(75%) and 11 cases(92%) of positive cases of IFA and DLM, respectively. In the analysis of the erythrocytic merozoite(AEOM) antigen derived from infected dog approximately 11 antigenic bands in molecular weight of 130, 120, 97.4, 92, 80, 52, 50, 42, 36, 30 and 29 KDa were observed on SDS-PAGE. Antigenic bands in the endoerythrocytic merozoite(CEOM) antigen derived from infected erythrocyte (sediment) in MASP culture were much similar to those of AEOM bands. In the exoerythrocytic merozoite(CEEM) antigen derived from supernatant of the infected erythrocyte culture approximately 20 antigenic bands were observed and the molecular weight of the major bands among these were 140, 120, 114, 105, 96, 93, 92, 80, 60, 52, 50, 38, 36, 30, 24, 18.5 and 16 KDa. In the protein patterns of AEOM and CEOM antigen by immunoblot 15 bands were observed and these patterns were much similar between each other. The molecular weight of the major bands in the both antigens were 130, 120, 80, 60, 52, 50, 42, 30, 29, 18.5 and 16 KDa. Approximately 21 bands were observed in CEEM antigen and the molecular weight of the major bands were 140, 120, 96, 92, 85, 80, 76, 60, 52, 50, 37, 30, 24, 16 and 15 KDa. The specific antigenic bands in the artificially infected dogs were firstly observed at 3 weeks afrer inoculation of infected blood and these antigenic bands were maintained up to 18 months after inoculation. In the immunoblot of the sera of the splenectomized dogs the specific antigenic bands with the molecular weight of 93 KDa and 52 KDa, respectively, were observed weakly comparing to those of non-splenectomized dog. In immunoblot of the sera collected from the naturally infected dogs the antigenic bands were observed as same as those of artificially infected dogs while antigenic band of 29 KDa in some individual dog showed strongly. In comparison of immunoblot of the sera collected from dogs non-treated and treated with diminazene aceturate(7mg/kg, IM) after artificial infection no differences of antigenic bands were observed. In analysis of antigenic bands by digoxigenin glycan/protein double labeling, antigenic bands in the molecular weight of 106, 60 58, 36, 30 and 29 KDa were determined as glycoproteins.