• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.249-264
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• 2009

Equity-indexed annuities(EIAs) provide their customers with the greater of either the return linked to the underlying index or the minimum guaranteed return. Insurance companies have developed EIAs to attract customers reluctant to buy traditional fixed annuities because of low returns and also reluctant to buy mutual funds for fear of the high volatility in the stock market. This paper proposes a new type of EIA embedded with an outside barrier option with flexible monitoring period in order to increase its participation rate. It also derives an explicit pricing formula for this proposed product, and discusses numerical examples to show relationships among participation rate, barrier level, index volatility and correlation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2016

As a method to satisfy needs and emotions of consumers who pursue diversity, the use of Kitsch in the fashion industry has been increased. Previous studies on Kitsch fashion have focused on qualitative research on the characteristics of Kitsch product, and little empirical researches have been conducted on consumer attitude such as consumer response to Kitsch products and brand equity. Therefore, the purpose of this study are 1) to investigate comparisons of experiential values (i.e., Aesthetic, Amusing, Cultural) with Kitsch product moderated by consumers' characteristics (i.e., consumer uniqueness, fashion involvement), and 2) to explore the relationship between experiential values and brand equity. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA, and structural equation model using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used for the data analysis. 210 questionnaires were analyzed for this study. The results of this study were as follows. First, significant difference in aesthetic values of Kitsch products were shown. Kitsch Product with nostalgic characteristics has higher aesthetic values than others. Specifically differences in experiential values with Kitsch product were partially moderated by consumers' characteristics (i.e., consumer uniqueness, fashion involvement), Second, cultural value had a positive influence on brand awareness, while amusing and cultural values had a positive influence on brand image. Also aesthetic and amusing values had a positive influence on brand loyalty. Academic and business implications were discussed from this study.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2007

The relation between franchiser and franchisee participated the franchise system was studied focused on brand for the correlation of relationship dissolution. Basically the relation among brand equity, internal brand, conflict and relationship dissolution based on brand on franchise system were investigated. The study of external factor and internal one of brand recognized by franchisee was conducted. The questionnaire was carried out for franchisee participated of national franchise system. The results showed that the brand external factor of brand transaction cost, brand equity and brand communication had influence on brand dissolution by the affection of brand identification and conflict classified as brand internal factor. In addition, brand internal reinforcement factor affected brand dissolution also. The structural causal inference between internal factor and external one was examined. Finally, the theoretical and managerial insight were suggested on the brand role for the consecutive relation as well as the limit of the study and future suggestion were included.

• Proceedings of the Population Association of Korea Conference
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.131-152
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• 2006

This study examines the causal mechanisms of low fertility and regional differentials in Korea. Utilizing the 2005 census and the 2005 vital statistics, and labor statistics at the regional level, major variables were calculated for administrative units of 234 'Gu's, 'Si's and 'Gun's. Gender equity orientation, labor market insecurity and family formation were hypothesized as key factors of recent decline in Korean fertility. This study first presents four maps of gender equity orientation, labor market insecurity, family formation and fertility. Then ANOVA and path analysis were carried out in an effort to generalize the causal mechanisms. Results of analysis reveal that gender equity orientation has played a central role in the second fertility transition in Korea. In metropolitan regions, however, labor market insecurity is found to have a significant influence on the level of family formation and fertility. Family formation also turns out to be an important intermediate variable of fertility.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.381-402
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify sub-dimensions of the authenticity and fictionality of a brand story and analyze the effects of authenticity and fictionality on customer-based brand equity. Data were obtained from a group of 213 males and females in their 20s and 30s living in Korea using an online survey institute. Results showed that the authenticity and fictionality of a brand story are composed of reality, excitement, exaggeration, fictional symbolism, influence, sincerity, relativeness, mysteriousness, and unreality. Of these, sincerity, excitement, reality, influence, and mysteriousness had significant effects on brand imagery; sincerity particularly exerted a relatively more substantial influence on brand imagery. Also, influence, mysteriousness, excitement, and relativeness impacted performance positively, and exaggeration impacted performance negatively. This indicated that a well-constructed brand story with authenticity and fictionality had a positive impact on the brand image. Excitement, mysteriousness, reality, relativeness, sincerity, and influence of a brand story had significant effects on brand judgement. In contrast, only excitement and influence positively impacted brand feelings, and unreality had a negative impact on feelings. The exciting and influential brand story impacted brand attitude. Also, brand image and attitude positively impacted sharing and purchase intention, while brand performance did not affect recommendation intention. These findings contribute to identifying a brand story's attributes, authenticity, and fictionality and provide insights for marketers on creating brand stories to increase brand image and attitude and to build customer-based brand equity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to establish location models for public service facilities considering efficiency as well as equity. And it suggests the method of spatial evaluation reflected the real world. Finally, this research is applied to the analysis on the optimum location of cultural facilities in Geumsan. This research adopts the expert survey for site selection factors and applys AHP for the relative weights. Secondly, it assorts the urban area by satellite image for the spatial analysis on the real world. Next, it adopts the Location-Allocation Model for the location evaluation and embodies the unequal population distribution according to the location model establishment. Finally, it conducts the more specific spatial analysis reflected the real world through the two methods applications; both spatial analysis(Grid analysis) and Network analysis.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2023

According to the World Health Organization, for medical schools to fulfill their obligation of social accountability, it is necessary for medical education, research, and service areas to ref lect the healthcare system's relevance, quality, cost-effectiveness, and equity. This study utilized Boelen and Heck's (1995) social accountability grid model to analyze the degree to which the Accreditation Standards of Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation 2019 (ASK2019) standards apply the World Federation for Medical Education's (WFME) standards. The social accountability characteristics of the former were compared to those of the WFME, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, and the Australian Medical Council. Experts with experience and certification in medical education and evaluation classified the ASK2019 standards according to the grid model, evaluated social accountability perspectives, and categorized them according to the process, content, and outcome. Of the 92 standards, 61 (66.30%) were selected as social accountability standards; these encompassed all areas. There was a particular focus on outcome-related areas, such as "mission and outcomes," "student assessment," "educational evaluation," and "continuous improvement." Education and quality were the most common (33, 54.11%), followed by 18 standards related to education and relevance. However, the standards on cost effectiveness and equity corresponding to education, research, and service were significantly insufficient. As a result of classification using a logic model, many criteria were incorporated into the process, producing results similar to those of international accreditation institutions. Therefore, to fulfill medical schools' social accountability, it is necessary to develop cost effectiveness and equity standards with reference to grid models and expand them beyond education to include research and service areas. Developing content and outcome standards is also required.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.75-84
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• 2020

The study investigates and measures the impact of financial restructuring on overall financial performance of commercial banks in Vietnam. Survey data for this research were collected from audited financial reports of 28 commercial banks in Vietnam, for the period from 2008 to 2018. In the study, we have built a model of econometric regression with the dependent variable being financial results measured through ROA and ROE. The research methods used include Pooled Ordinary Least Square Model (POLS), Fixed Effects Model (FEM), Random Effects Model (REM), and different Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results showed that the account payables restructuring and owners' equity restructuring are much needed. Increasing the owners' equity, decreasing the account payables would improve the overall financial performance, bad debts restructuring to decrease bad debts would also improve the financial performance as well. However, the financial restructuring in the period 2012-2015 and 2016-2018, indeed worsen the financial performance during those times. The findings of this study suggest that the evaluation of the financial performance after restructuring of commercial banks in Vietnam must be based on longer data. At the same time, it is necessary to examine differences between various banking groups to draw accurate conclusions on financial performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2022

Purpose: The study focuses on the distribution of brand love on customers' behavioral intention at five-star hotels in Vietnam. Furthermore, the study also assesses the role of mediating variables and moderating variable involved in the research model. Research design, data and methodology This research surveys 458 customers using the services of five-star hotels in Vietnam through questionnaires on online platforms. Data cleaning and data analysis using SPSS 25.0 software combined with Smart-PLS 3.0 software were used in the research to evaluate the measurement model and structural model. Results: From the results of the structural model evaluation, it shows the positive distribution of brand love on customers' behavioral intentions towards five-star hotels in Vietnam. The mediating roles of brand engagement, brand equity, customer motivation, and the participation of the moderating variable, customer expectations, are determined by this research model. Conclusions: Based on the study results, the distribution of brand love positively affects customers' behavioral intention at five-star hotels in Vietnam, giving recommendations that have a positive impact on customer behavioral intention. In addition, the study shows the role of mediating variables as well as exploring the moderator's (customer expectations) in the distribution of relationships between customer motivation and customer behavioral intention.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-241
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• 2014

As brand has increasingly influenced on marketing activities, local government, agricultural enterprises, and individual farmhouses autonomously develop and promote their own brands in the field of agrifood. Among developed brands, however, it could be possible for products with having no competitiveness and continuous control to lapse in the marketing. This study aimed to try develop to brand equity model in order for agri-food brands to evaluate and complement in the agricultural company. For doing this, ERRC were administered to interview the brands experts to discuss rice. The results of the analyses indicated that the areas with attribute weight of assets may consider bonding with customers for enhancing the value in the brand equity.