• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2011

The automatic radiopharmaceutical module consists of several 2-way valves, couple of syringes, gas supply unit, heating(cooling) unit and sensors to control the chemical reagents as well as to help the chemical reaction. In order to control the actuators of radiopharmaceutical module, the process is tabulated using spread sheet as like excel. Unlike the common program, a trivial error is too critical to allowed in the process because the error can lead to leak the radioactive reagent and to cause the synthesis equipment failure during synthesizing. Hence, the synthesis process has been validated using graphic simulation while the operator checks the whole process visually and undergoes trial and error. The verification of the synthesis process takes a long time and has a difficulty in finding the error. This study presents a methodology to verify the process algebraically while the radiopharmaceutical module is converted to the network model. The proposed method is validated using actual synthesis process.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

Personal noise exposure was assessed in railroad operators working in 40 operation units including the Gyeongbu line, Honam line, and Janghang line between 2004 and 2006. 8-hour TWA were assessed based on the MOL (Ministry of Labor) guideline on noise evaluation, and 17% of these measurements exceeded 85 dBA while 70% were over 80 dBA. When the ACGIH TLV is adopted, 40% of measurements were over TLV (85 dBA). The noise exposure risk of railroad operators was higher for diesel locomotive operation and longer operational distances; in addition, the risk was higher for passenger car operation compared to freight car driving. Given that in Korea, over the past 30 years diesel locomotives have provided most of the railway's motive power and that hearing protective equipment is not likely to be used by workers during operation, railroad operators are at a high risk of noise-induced hearing loss. The result of audiometric test among 568 railroad operators showed that 32.6% of those tested had a hearing threshold shift of more than 40 dB. In conclusion, this study calls for more fundamental measures including noise control countermeasures within the operation areas, development of equipment that generates less noise and adopting limitation on the operation distance for a work shift.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 2017

To protect the power systems from fault current, the rated protective equipment should be installed. However growth of power system scale and concentration of loads caused the large fault current in power transmission system and distribution system. The capacities of installed protective equipment have been exceeded the due to increase of fault current. This increase is not temporary phenomenon but will be steadily as long as the industry develops. The power system operator need a counter-measurement for safety, so superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been received attention as effective solutions to reduce the fault current. For the above reasons various type SFCLs have been studied recently. In this paper, operation characteristics and power burden of trigger type SFCL is studied. The trigger type SFCL has been used for real system research in many countries. Another trigger type SFCL (double quench trigger type SFCL) is also studied. For this paper, short circuit test is performed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

This paper presents a method for designing layout on the yard and evaluating alternative designs of the layout by applying simulation. The method is based on the concepts of the conventional port container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. In general, yard design of the container terminal is consists of the two major parts. One is to divide yard area between the number of sections and the number of runs and the other is to decide the number of equipment that is the yard truck and yard crane. In the past days, this design was depended on the experience of the terminal operator and the structure of the conventional terminal layout because it is a very complex decision problem. In this paper we suggest the method of yard design as a conceptual procedure and estimate the efficiency of the container crane and the optimal the number of equipment using the simulation. Numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate the conceptual procedure. As the example, the suggested method and simulation are applied to the virtual container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. In the results, the number of sections and runs on yard area, the number of yard truck per container crane and the number of yard crane per run are decided. In additional, the traffic among blocks on yard layout is estimated in terms of rate.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1726-1735
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• 2008

Seoulmetro has operated the air cooling equipment for 57 stations to improve services focused on our customers who use Seoulmetro during the summer season and has established every year. However, a new set of problems has arisen with the cooling tower to support a heat exchange of cooling water. The most important matter is loss of efficiency in the cooling tower. The leading cause of this problem is that we use an indoor type. As the cooling tower room is located in the underground of the city because of the residents near the station. Therefore It is difficult to establish the cooling tower on the ground. But it is unsuitable for the location requirements of the underground type because it has a limited space to set up the air cooling equipment, for example, the cooling tower and a ventilating opening. As a result of such an unfavorable condition, the cooling tower doesn't work efficiently and the warmth of cooling water because of insufficiency of a heat exchange and a refrigerator's technical obstacle such as a high-temperature and a high-pressure has arisen. To prevent this situation, the operator tend to reduce refrigerant. Accordingly, the efficiency of the air conditioning is getting lower and lower. Study wishes to analyze the matter to improve indoor cooling tower efficiency and recommend a best practice for a person who manage the establishment.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.367-418
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• 2018

Just as safety is the most important thing in aviation, safety is the most important in the operation of unmanned aircraft (RPA), and safety operation is the most important in the legal responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft. In this thesis, the legal responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft, focusing on the responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft, was discussed in depth with the issue of insurance, which compensates for damages in the event of an accident First of all, the legal responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft was reviewed for the most basic : definition, scope and qualification of the operator of the unmanned aircraft, and the liability of the operator of the Convention On International Civil Aviation, the ICAO Annex, the RPAS Manual, the Rome Convention, other major international treaties and Domestic law such as the Aviation Safety Act. The ICAO requires that unmanned aircraft be operated in such a manner as to minimize hazards to persons, property or other aircraft as a major principle of the operation of unmanned aircraft, which is ultimately equivalent to manned aircraft Considering that most accidents involving unmanned aircrafts fall to the ground, causing damage to third parties' lives or property, this thesis focused on the responsibility of operators under the international treaty, and the responsibility of third parties for air transport by Domestic Commercial Act, as well as the liability for compensation. In relation to the Rome Convention, the Rome Convention 1952 detailed the responsibilities of the operator. Although it has yet to come into effect regarding liability, some EU countries are following the limit of responsibility under the Rome Convention 2009. Korea has yet to sign any Rome Convention, but Commercial Act Part VI Carriage by Air is modeled on the Rome Convention 1978 in terms of compensation. This thesis also looked at security-related responsibilities and the responsibility for privacy infringement. which are most problematic due to the legal responsibilities of operating unmanned aircraft. Concerning insurance, this thesis looked at the trends of mandatory aviation insurance coverage around the world and the corresponding regulatory status of major countries to see the applicability of unmanned aircraft. It also looked at the current clauses of the Domestic Aviation Business Act that make insurance mandatory, and the ultra-light flight equipment insurance policy and problems. In sum, the operator of an unmanned aircraft will be legally responsible for operating the unmanned aircraft safely so that it does not pose a risk to people, property or other aircraft, and there will be adequate compensation in the event of an accident, and legal systems such as insurance systems should be prepared to do so.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2020

Research should be actively conducted for the ability of X-ray equipment and Retrospective image analysis of X-ray equipment used in hospitals. Retrospective image analysis of X-ray machines, CT and MRI of radiology and medical equipment has been actively conducted. However, image quality measurement using angiography equipment of angiography room is mostly measured with phantom, and image quality measurement on image after being taken by actual patient is insufficient and researches on accurate image quality measurement method are remarkable. It is in short supply. Therefore, through this study, the researcher devised a method to measure the image quality of the acquired image after coronary angiography, and to provide a high quality image to the operator. The equipment and programs used were angiographic examination equipment (Axiom Artis Zee Ceiling) and Image J program. Subjects were images automatically saved in PACS program after coronary angiography.For image quality measurement, selected the AP Caudal 30° image that show the LCA vessel well and the LAO 30° image that show the RCA vessel well during the coronary angiography. In order to measure the background and ROI of the selected image by selecting an image, a criterion on how to find and measure a section where the overlap of the shadow, such as blood vessel, liver and lung is minimized, is presented. In conclusion, there is no exact standard for analyzing an image quality measurement method of angiography image. Therefore, in order to provide quality images to the practistioners, not only the technicians of the equipment but also the users who actually use them should become researchers and conduct research on image quality measurement in various ways. Thus, it is expected to provide excellent images to patients.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2016

Purpose: As medicare services have gotten spreaded, clinical laboratory has been dominant position. So, it has been acted for quality control and clinical pathology accreditation. But there has been quite deficient information to evaluate working space and technical standards of medical laboratory for accreditation. This study goals to figure out accreditation standard and design guideline for clinical laboratory, and to give safe and efficient design information. Methods: This study has been searched by literature for accreditation standards and design guidelines of clinical pathology in USA, UK, and Germany. Results: Three countries have accredited based on working lab space, staff space, storage space, patient space and health and safety equipment. Design guidelines of three countries commonly have focused on worktable layout, worktable distance and module, and specific laboratory biosafety level. And USA guidelines stress on the architectural design such as design process and passage distance for escape, UK stress on the efficiency as functional work flow and construction cost, lastly Germany design guidelines stress on the operator's safety distance and workstation. Three countries have not only accreditation standards but also design guidelines for more specific quality management, separating from accrediting institute. Implications: In korea, it has been needed to make clinical laboratory design guideline for the safe and efficient environment and reliable and competitive medical service.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 2020

Unlike manned aerial vehicles, because an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has a limitation which allows only remote test during flights, it is very important to maintain the high reliability of the vehicle through pre- and post-flight tests. To this end, this paper designed an air vehicle test equipment (AVTE) for UAV which meets the derived hardware and software requirements. Based on this design, the AVTE was implemented in accordance with the actual test scenario. The implemented AVTE has the advantage of reducing the time and cost required for the test of UAV by allowing the operator to perform automatic or manual tests for necessary parts in various situations such as before and after starting engine and pre- and post-flight tests. Furthermore, this study is expected to help with the design and implementation of AVTE for other UAVs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.157-166
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• 2022

In the case of a die-casting process, defects that are difficult to confirm by visual inspection, such as shrinkage bubbles, may occur due to an error in maintaining a vacuum state. Since these casting defects are discovered during post-processing operations such as heat treatment or finishing work, they cannot be taken in advance at the casting time, which can cause a large number of defects. In this study, we propose an approach that can predict the occurrence of casting defects by defect type using machine learning technology based on casting parameter data collected from equipment in the die casting process in real time. Die-casting parameter data can basically be collected through the casting equipment controller. In order to perform classification analysis for predicting defects by defect type, labeling of casting parameters must be performed. In this study, first, the defective data set is separated by performing the primary clustering based on the total defect rate obtained during the post-processing. Second, the secondary cluster analysis is performed using the defect rate by type for the separated defect data set, and the labeling task is performed by defect type using the cluster analysis result. Finally, a classification learning model is created by collecting the entire labeled data set, and a real-time monitoring system for defect prediction using LabView and Python was implemented. When a defect is predicted, notification is performed so that the operator can cope with it, such as displaying on the monitoring screen and alarm notification.