• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2008

A bid-based pool(BBP) model is representative of energy market structure in a number of restructured electricity markets. Supply function equilibrium(SFE) models of interaction better match what is explicitly required in the bid formats of typical BBP markets. Many of the results in the SFE literature involve restrictive parametrization of the bid cost functions. In the SFE models, two parameters, intercept and slope, are available for strategic bidding. This paper addresses the realistic competition format that players can choose both parameters arbitrarily. In a fixed demand function, equilibrium conditions for generation company's profit maximization have a degree of freedom, which induces multi-equilibrium. So it is hard to choose a convergent equilibrium. However, consideration of stochastic demand function makes the equilibrium conditions independent each other based on the amount of variance of stochastic demand function. This variance provides the bidding players with incentives to change the slope parameter from an equilibrium for a fixed demand function until the slope parameter equilibrium.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.189-207
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• 1996

In this paper, a market share competition model for two firms with asymmetric conditions is considered with. In the model, the asymmetry between two firms is given by the difference of market shares In the existing market and the change of market share is supposed to be occurred only through pioneering a new market. Since the timing decision of market pioneering is based on the continuous time domain, a super game structure which has infinitely many numbers of subgames is employed for the modeling. In the course of equilibrium finding, we show that there exists no subgame-perfect pure strategy equilibrium In this game. So, we apply a mixed strategy concept and find a unique subgame-perfect equilibrium behavior strategy. As a result of equilibrium analysis, we know that the relative sizes of pioneering Incentives between two firms are varying with parameter conditions. However, the global speed of market pioneering is proven to be independent with the level of asymmetry between two firms.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.711-730
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• 1994

We consider Gibbs measures on $(R \times W_{0,0})^{Z^\nu}, W_{0,0} = {\omega \in C[0,1] : \omega(0) = \omega(1)}$, which are associated to an interaction between particles in lattice boson systems (quantum unbounded spin systems). In [4], the Gibbs measures were introduced in the study of equilibrium states of interacting lattice boson systems and were characterized by means of the equilibrium conditions. In this paper we utilize the techniques of the stochastic calculus of variations and the infinite dimensional Ito integral to derive stochastic equations which we call the equilibrium equations. We show that under appropriate conditions the equilibrium conditions and the equilibrium equations are equivalent. The lattice boson systems with superstable and regular interactions, which we studied in [4], are typical examples.

• 천문학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 1978

An extensive molecular equilibrium calculation has been performed under sunspot conditions in order to resolve the current dispute on the presence of $C_2$ lines in the spectrum of sunspots. Equilibrium abundance of $C_2$ has been computed under the conditions of umbral cores, umbrae and the normal photosphere. As the results, it is found that the umbral cores yield unfavorable environment for $C_2$ formation. It is concluded that $C_2$ molecular lines are not likely tn be observed in the spectrum of sunspots.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2005

This paper presents a method for evaluating the nash equilibrium of the Cournot model for N-Gencos in wholesale electricity market. In wholesale electricity market, the strategies of N-Gencos can be applied to the game model under the conditions, which the Gencos determine their strategies to maximize their benefit. Generally, the Lemke algorithm has known as the approach to evaluate the mixed nash equilibrium in the only two-player game model. In this paper, we have developed the necessary condition for obtaining the mixed nash equilibrium of N-player by using the Lemke algorithms. However, it is difficult to find the mixed nash equilibrium of two more players by using the analytic method since those have the nonlinear characteristics. To overcome the above problem, we have formulated the object function satisfied with the proposed necessary conditions for N-player nash equilibrium and applied the modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to obtain the equilibrium for N-player. To present the effectiveness the proposed necessary condition and the evaluation approach, this paper has shown the results of equilibrium of sample system and the cournot game model for 3-players.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.465-480
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• 2017

Modelling an equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in computational wind engineering (CWE) and relevant areas requires the boundary conditions, the turbulence model and associated constants to be consistent with each other. Among them, the inflow boundary conditions play an important role and determine whether the equations of the turbulence model are satisfied in the whole domain. In this paper, the idea of modeling an equilibrium ABL through specifying proper inflow boundary conditions is extended to the SST $k-{\omega}$ model, which is regarded as a better RANS model for simulating the blunt body flow than the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. Two new sets of inflow boundary conditions corresponding to different descriptions of the inflow velocity profiles, the logarithmic law and the power law respectively, are then theoretically proposed and numerically verified. A method of determining the undetermined constants and a set of parameter system are then given, which are suitable for the standard wind terrains defined in the wind load code. Finally, the full inflow boundary condition equations considering the scale effect are presented for the purpose of general use.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2010

In this paper, the ionization characteristics of noble gases are studied numerically behind strong shock waves. As a first step, the equilibrium ionization mechanism of noble gases is modeled in wide ranges of temperature and pressure. As a next step the equilibrium ionization model is coupled with fluid dynamic equations to analyze the local thermodynamic equilibrium(LTE) ionization process at high temperature and pressure conditions behind the strong imploding shock waves. The ionization characteristics of xenon gas is studied in a wide range of test conditions with thermal radiation effects. Hence, the results give optimal conditions of maximum ionization and radiation behind the imploding shock waves.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.375-388
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduce an iterative sequence for finding solution of a system of mixed equilibrium problems and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in Hilbert spaces. Then, the weak and strong convergence theorems are proved under some parameters controlling conditions. Moreover, we apply our result to fixed point problems, system of equilibrium problems, general system of variational inequalities, mixed equilibrium problem, equilibrium problem and variational inequality.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2017

In this research works, we consider the general regularized penalty method for non-stationary set valued equilibrium problem in a Banach space. We define weak coercivity conditions and show that the weak and strong convergence problems of the regularized penalty method.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제29권3_4호
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• pp.949-953
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• 2011

It is interesting to know the behavior of a network from its structure. One interesting topic is to find a relation between the existence of a positive equilibrium of the reaction network and its structure. One approach to study this topic is using the concept of deficiency. Another is using some conditions on nodes, which can apply to large-size networks compared to deficiency. In this work, we show the relation between deficiency and the conditions.