• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) has been used to establish environmental quality standards or evaluate ecological risk in site-specific areas. The scope of ERA was expanded based on regions, and the concept of regional-scale ecological risk assessment was recently introduced in developed countries. In the present study, regional ERA approaches of relative risk model (RRM), contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (CATS) model, and procedure for ecological tired assessment of risks (PETAR) in advanced countries were extensively investigated. Regional ERA was compared with traditional ERA process. Stressors, receptor and response in traditional ERA were replaced with sources of stressors, habitats, and ecological impacts, respectively in regional ERA. This study introduces the concept and assessment process of regional ERA, and provides a wide perspective how the relative ERA could be applied in Korean ecosystem.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2021

Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEA) is a decision-making process taking into account the environmental impact, economic and social impact of policies, plans, and programs at the higher stage prior to the project plan for promoting sustainable development. In this study, we analyzed the process and criteria for selecting appropriate alternatives when establishing development plan in SEA. First, the criteria for estimating changes in ecosystem services following the implementation of development project of industrial complex were presented. Second, alternative evaluations were conducted through an analysis of ecosystem service scenarios to explore suitable alternatives in Anseong. As a result, the environmental quality of selected area as the existing project site deteriorated according to the implementation of the project, and the dimensional reduction technique confirmed that the change in ecosystem service factors in project area was the optimal location. In addition, the results of the scenario assessment to explore suitable alternatives in Anseong City showed that the existing site had large capacity in terms of water quality control services (scenario 1), scenario 2 in terms of preconditioning services, and scenario 3 in terms of water supply services. The guidance of Ecosystem service assessment is expected to be available in decision-making of large-scale strategies (e.g., SEA) and projects by presenting more quantitative criteria for determining the adequacy and location feasibility of development plans and policy plans. This is expected to require various support, including legislation and revision of related laws, believed to be supported by advanced research.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1205-1215
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• 2015

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the symbiosis of AMF associated with an antimony (Sb) accumulator plant under natural conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the colonization and molecular diversity of AMF associated with the Sb accumulator ramie (Boehmeria nivea) growing in Sb-contaminated soils. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from Xikuangshan in southern China. PCR-DGGE was used to analyze the AMF community composition in ramie roots. Morphological identification was also used to analyze the species in the rhizosphere soil of ramie. Results obtained showed that mycorrhizal symbiosis was established successfully even in the most heavily polluted sites. From the unpolluted site Ref to the highest polluted site T4, the spore numbers and AMF diversity increased at first and then decreased. Colonization increased consistently with the increasing Sb concentrations in the soil. A total of 14 species were identified by morphological analysis. From the total number of species, 4 (29%) belonged to Glomus, 2 (14%) belonged to Acaulospora, 2 (14%) belonged to Funneliformis, 1 (7%) belonged to Claroideoglomus, 1 (7%) belonged to Gigaspora, 1 (7%) belonged to Paraglomus, 1 (7%) belonging to Rhizophagus, 1 (7%) belonging to Sclervocystis, and 1 (7%) belonged to Scutellospora. Some AMF sequences were present even in the most polluted site. Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis both revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant genus in this AMF community. This study demonstrated that ramie associated with AMF may have great potential for remediation of Sb-contaminated soils.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2006

To utilize a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill leachate. To assess leachate stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill site (Salmi Landfill) which is located at the vicinity of Chungju Reservoir which flows into Paldang Reservoir utilized as Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the landfill history and surrounding characteristics of the landfill site were surveyed. In this investigation, waste, leachate, groundwater and surfacewater samples from this landfill were physically and chemically analyzed, and the analysis results were evaluated by 'The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization (CLWS)', 'Discharge Criteria of Landfill Leachate', 'The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality', and 'The Criteria of Domestic Use in Surfacewater Quality' that promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. From the analysis results on the Salmi open-dumping landfill, C/N ratio was 18.9 and $BOD/COD_{Cr}$ ratios in leachate were higher than 1/10. Based on the CLWS, this results seemed to imply that the process of leachate stabilization at this landfill was still proceeding.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2005

For managing and utilizing a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill gas(LFG) and waste. For assessing LFG and waste stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill (Salmi Landfill) which is located at the vicinity of Chungju Reservoir which flows into Paldang Reservoir that has been used for Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the history and the surrounding characteristics of the landfill site were surveyed. In this study, waste and LFG samples obtained from landfill site were physically and chemically analyzed, and then the analysis results were evaluated on the basis of 'The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization(CLWS)' that were promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. Based on LFG composition of Salmi landfill, $CH_4$ was as high as 68%. In CLWS regulation, the stabilization criteria of $CH_4$ should be lower than 5%, and the criteria of C/N ratio should also be lower than 1/10. The result showed that C/N ratio of landfilled waste ranged 17.4~24.7. From this results, it was concluded that the LFG and C/N ratio stabilization level of this landfill based on the CLWS were still actively proceeding.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2015

본 연구는 최근 3년간의 항만 및 어항개발사업에 따른 해역이용협의서 91건을 분석하여 그 작성실태(평가항목별 조사현황과 영향예측 등)를 파악하고, 문제점을 개선하기 위한 방안을 요약 제시하였다. 9개 평가항목 중에서 해양화학, 해양퇴적물 및 해양생태계 부분에서는 현장조사 비율이 높았으나(70 % 이상), 조사자료를 활용한 영향예측은 미흡하였다. 반면, 해양물리의 경우는 현황조사 비율은 낮았지만(조석 7.7 %, 조류 24.2 %), 영향예측 수행비율은 높아 예측결과를 뒷받침할 만한 근거와 검증 측면에서 문제점이 있었다. 즉, 조사와 예측에 대한 평가가 연관성이 낮아 신뢰성이 떨어지고 있었다. 항만 및 어항개발사업에 있어 영향예측과 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 주요 외력(조석, 조류 및 파랑 등) 및 중점평가사항에 대한 체계적인 진단이 필요하나, 현재는 사업유형을 고려하지 않는 일반적인 평가방법과 자료인용이 이루어지고 있는데, 향후 사업규모와 지역특성 등을 고려한 중점평가항목과 구체적 평가사항(조사시기, 정점선정)을 사전에 스코핑해 줄 수 있는 제도적 장치가 필요할 것이다. 또한, 현장조사자료의 신뢰성 강화를 위해 해양화학 및 해양퇴적물의 분석에 관한 정도관리체계의 적용이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.1199-1209
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• 2018

After the Fukushima-Daiichi accident in 2011, the multi-unit risk, i.e., the risk due to several nuclear power plants (NPPs) in a site has become an important issue in several countries such as Korea, Canada, and China. However, the multi-unit risk has been discussed for a long time in the nuclear community before the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident occurred. The regulatory authorities around the world and the international organizations had proposed requirements or guidelines to reduce the multi-unit risk. The concerns regarding the multi-unit risk can be summarized in the following three questions: How much the accident of an NPP in a site affects the safety of other NPPs in the same site? What is the total risk of a site with many NPPs? Will the risk of the simultaneous accidents at several NPPs in a site such as the Fukushima Daiichi accident be low enough? The multi-unit risk assessment (MURA) in an integrated framework is a practical approach to obtain the answers for the above questions. Even though there were few studies to assess the multi-unit risk before the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident, there are still several issues to be resolved to perform the complete MURA. This article aims to provide an overview of the multi-unit risk issues and its assessment. We discuss the several critical issues in the current MURA to get useful insights regarding the multi-unit risk with the current state art of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) technologies. Also, the qualitative answers for the above questions are addressed.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.250-264
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• 2022

현행 환경영향평가 체계 내 건강영향평가 대상사업은 「환경보건법」 시행령 제12조(건강영향 항목의 추가·평가 대상)에 따라 일부 대상사업으로 한정되어 있으나, 대상사업이 아닌 다양한 환경영향평가 대상 사업들에 대해서도 협의과정에서 건강영향 관련 사항들이 추가로 평가·검토되고 있다. 특히 주거지 관련 개발계획에 있어 개발부지가 오염원 주변에 계획될 경우 건강영향 측면에서의 입지 타당성 확보 여부를 평가·검토하게 되는데, 개발부지에서 주요 유해대기오염물질들의 현황농도 조사를 통한 위해도 기준 만족 여부를 확인하여 사후관리 방안을 마련하는 수준에 그치고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주거지 개발계획에 있어 개발하고자 하는 주거지역에 대한 입지의 타당성을 확인하는 정량적 방법을 마련하고 환경영향평가 절차 내에서 건강영향평가 대상사업의 확대 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 환경영향평가 체계의 스크리닝 및 스코핑 절차를 검토하여 세부 방법론을 제안하였으며, 방법론 검증을 위해 과거 협의된 도시개발계획에 대한 사례분석을 진행하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze of biotope types and to develop assessment for forest ecosystem evaluation method. Vegetation types divided into 27 types. Considering the vegetation types, vegetation structures, DBH, potentials, and disturbance, it was decided to apply 58 biotope types and survey site's biotopes were divided into 24 biotope types. Assessment indicators were naturaliness, diversity, rarity, stability, potential, and disturbance. The areas given the first grade in ecological value included 9.2% of the site's total land. Areas with the second grade accounted for 43.0% of the total land. Areas with the third grade made up 47.8% of the site and mostly they were areas with dominance of fired area and artificial forest. To plan to build naturally-development for Site, there should be plans to conserve areas with the first grades. For the areas with the second, and third grades, plans for ecological land use based on conservation and restoration in terms of securing biodiversity are needed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.114-127
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• 2010

This study aimed at reviewing the case examples of environmental assessment of development projects within management zones, identifying problems and improvement opportunities and suggesting the direction of environmental assessment for management zones that are increasingly segmented Findings showed that first, the assessment of environment soundness in management zones must incorporate the national land environmental map and wide-area ecological axes established by the Ministry of Environment. Second, regarding development activities in management zones, rather than an issue of simply destroying natural environment in a development site itself during a development period, an issue of permanently isolating ecosystems from surrounding areas in a mid/long-term perspective and continually polluting water in mid-stream/upstream regions where sites are located must be considered. Third, in the case of development projects with vast areas, existing plant communities will be disturbed and the naturalness of vegetation will gradually decline due to foreign tree species introduced for landscape architecture. Therefore, creating buffer forests at forest boundaries and planting native tree species that are same as nearby tree species must be examined. Last but not least, when assessing the environmental soundness of management zones, it would be crucial to comprehensively review the environmental, social and locational features of management zones, including surrounding areas, and set the direction of environmental assessment accordingly.