• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2003

A study of the anti-fungal properties in Korean radish was conducted using a variety of purification procedures such as Extrelut column, RP(Reverse Phase) Cl8 Column Chromatography, HPLC etc. to separate anti-fungal substances from Korean radish juices to test them against a common gray mold called Botrytis cenerea. Dialysis tube operation showed that these substances were presumably thermostable compounds with low molecular mass (less than 3.5 kDa). Differences of anti-fungal activities depending upon types of radishes used did not show any noticeable variation. The antifungals were presumably composed of more than 5 compounds. Among these, the most anti-fungal fraction was analyzed by HPLC in which one peak was obtained. Disease-affected plants were inoculated with 10mg of Extrelut fraction and results showed similar anti-fungal activity to pesticides suggesting possible usage of these substances as environmentally friendly antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: For sustainable agriculture, there are various agricultural practices including low input. Over the last few decades high input of chemical fertilizer and compounds results in environmental pollution and deterioration of soil fertility. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is well known eco-friendly crop due to their symbionts. Soybean has a relationship with nitrogen fixation bacteria called rhizobia. In this research work, we investigated effects of soybean cultivation on soil microorganism activities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experiments were conducted in pots and potato cultivation was used as reference. Soil chemical properties were analyzed considering soil nutrient over cropping period. For the soil microbial community analysis, dehydrogenase activity analysis (DHA) analyzed along with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The results showed that higher soil organic matter in the soybean cultivation soil than in the potato cultivation soil. Available $P_2O_5$ concentration increased gradually in both pots but showed higher value in the potato cultivation soil. DHA value implying microbial activities showed higher value in the soybean cultivation soil over all cropping period. CONCLUSION: The cause of high microbial activity in the soybean cultivation soil was considered to the effects of some specific microorganisms related to soybean cultivation. Therefore, the availability of soybean cultivation for sustainable agriculture should be encouraged in terms of microorganism community activity in soil.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2017

This study presents measures to enhance the efficiency of Successive Alkalinity Producing Systems(SAPS), a natural biological purification method that prevents environmental pollution arising from the release of Acid Mine Drainage(AMD) from abandoned mines into rivers and groundwater. The treatment of AMD using SAPS is based on biological processing technology that mostly involves sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB). It has been proven effective in real-world applications, and has been employed in various projects on the purification of AMD. However, seasonal decrease in temperature leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the process because sulfate-reducing activity is almost non-existent during cold winters and early spring even if SRB is able to survive. Against this backdrop, this study presents measures to enhance the activity of the SRB of the organic layer by integrating light emitting diode(LED)s in SAPS and to maintain the active temperature using LEDs in cold winters. Given that mine drainage facilities are located in areas where power cannot be easily supplied, solar cell modules are proposed as the main power source for LEDs. By conducting further research based on the present study, it will be possible to enhance the efficiency of AMD treatment under extreme cold weather using solar energy and LEDs, which will serve as an environmentally-friendly solution in line with the era of green growth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

An antimicrobial substance-producing microorganism was isolated from soil samples. Based of the taxonomic characteristics of its morphological, cultural, physiological properties and 16s rRNA sequence alignment, this microorganism was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and we named Pseudomonas aeruginosa EL-KM. The optimal culture condition for production of antimicrobial substance was 1% mannitol, 0.4% yeast extract, 0.5% Nacl, 0.2% $K_2SO_4$, 100$\mu$M $MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$, 10$\mu$M $CaCl_2$.$2H_2O$, 1$\mu$M $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$, 1$\mu$M $MnSO_4$.$4-5H_2O$, initial pH 7 and 200 rpm at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The purification of the antimicrbial substance was performed by silica gel column chromatographys, and fraction with TLC $R_f$ 0.77 value represented good antimicrobial activity. The crude antimicrbial substance was stable within a pH range of 3-10 and temperature range of 4$^{\circ}C$-121$^{\circ}C$ autoclaving. This crude antibacterial substance acted as bacteriolytic agent against Vibrio cholerae non-Ol ATCC 25872, and also exhibited excellent properties, when the substance was demonstrated against many other gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 2008

Degradation behavior in the seawater of Tongyeong, Incheon, Kunsan and Hongsung was explored for Mater-Bi$^{(R)}$, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate) (PHBV), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) which can eventually be used for various fishery tools. Acinetobacter lwoffu/junii and Shewanella algae/putrefaciens inhabited all the seawater samples. Eikenella corrodens was also detected in all the seawater samples, although identified with poor confidence by VITEK system. Mater-Bi$^{(R)}$ was degraded faster than PHBV, PBSA and PCL in the seawater in contradiction to the degradation behavior in soil environment. The seawater retrieved from Incheon exhibited the most elevated activity for the plastic degradation, which may be partly ascribed to the largest number of total viable counts.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.3E
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• pp.165-171
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• 2006

Environment-friendly materials are increasingly used as building construction materials nowadays, and the market share of those is growing. Accordingly, the research and developments in terms of environmental value are progressing steadily now. The main characteristics of environmental products are far-infrared radiation, negative-ion emission, electromagnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial property. These products are often used in mortar and as spray on the finishing material. Nevertheless, there are hardly any research on the functional properties of concrete, the main material in construction field. Thus, we evaluated such basic properties of concrete as slump, compressive strength and air content while using such functional materials as sericite, wood-pattern sandstone, carbon black and nano-metric silver solution to focus on their functional properties like far-infrared radiation, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial activity in this research. The results indicated that the most useful material in the functional materials was carbon black. Sericite and nano-metric silver solution had a little effect on the functional property. Moreover, although wood-pattern sandstone had very high functional property, it exhibited too low compressive strength to be applied, to concrete as a factory product. Antimicrobial property of nano-metric silver solution in the concrete was not clear demonstrated, but if these specimens were to be aged in $CO_2$ gas for a long time, it might be apparent.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2017

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) causes bacterial wilt, and it is one of the most important soil-borne plant pathogenic bacteria. RSSC has a large host range of more than 50 botanical families, which represent more than 200 plant species, including tomato. It is difficult to control bacterial wilt due to following reasons: the bacterial wilt pathogen can grow inside the plant tissue, and it can also survive in soil for a long period; moreover, it has a wide host range and biological diversity. In most previous studies, scientists have focused on developing biological control agents, such as antagonistic microorganisms and botanical materials. However, biocontrol attempts are not successful. Plant-derived metabolites and extracts have been promising candidates to environmentally friendly control bacterial wilt diseases. Therefore, we review the plant extracts, essential oils, and secondary metabolites that show potent in vivo antibacterial activities (in potted plants or in field) against tomato bacterial wilt, which is caused by RSSC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

Physical activity of the people has decreased due to a sedentary lifestyle according to developing the economy throughout the world. It is thought to increase the risk of chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, etc. People are interested in walking, which is an easy activity to engage in as an antidote to chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to increase the diminishing physical activity of modem society by inducing walking as part of everyday life through building a walking-based activity-friendly city where people can live merrily, safely and pleasantly. For this purpose, this study conducted a satisfaction survey to dwellers of Jinhae on the physical pedestrian environments which affect determining walking participation and intentions of people, and also provided a valid model to evaluate the effects of the physical environmental factors on walking satisfaction using factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows. The 18 variables of the physical pedestrian environments were selected based on pre-literature reviews. The results of the satisfaction surveys showed that the satisfaction of crossing aids in segments was highest, while the building feature was the lowest. Factor analysis was run through a two-step process. The first analysis was conducted to examine the adequacy of this factor analysis on the selected 18 variables. As a result, two variables were removed and the remaining 16 variables were extracted to the four factors by second analysis. Each factor was named function of path, effect of traffic, amenity and safety based on the each factor's commonality. Each factor score of the extracted four factors was set as the independent variable, while the overall walking satisfaction was set as the dependent variable. Then, the multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and showed that all four factors had a positive influence on the overall satisfaction of walking, especially the 'function of path' and 'amenity' factors, followed by 'effect of traffic' and 'safety'. The results of this research will be used as foundational data for creating a walking-based activity-friendly city.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility for the use of environmental-friendly materials and the effective recycling of spent mushroom compost(SMC) after cultivation of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. SMC of white button mushroom contained diverse microorganisms including fluorescent Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Tricoderma sp. and Actinomycetes. These isolates showed the extensive antifungal spectrum against plant pathogen. Among of the isolates, fungal pathogen such as Alternaria brassicicola, Phytophtora melonis, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotichum gloeosporioides strong showed strong antagonistic activity. 45.8% of the isolates were actively colonized on the pepper root and 5.8% showed rhizosphere competent of >$5{\times}10^2cfu\;root^{-1}$. The plant growth promotion ability of the collected isolates were tested in pot experiments using red pepper seedling. Among them, 62.7% showed pepper growth promoting ability and growth of pepper root showed superior to the control. The germination of pepper treated with aqueous extracts of non-harvest SMC completely inhibited at concentration of more than 33%. The sterilization of SMC resulted in higher inhibition of germination and early growth of pepper. These results suggest that spent mushroom compost(SMC) of Button Mushroom may have adequately the feasibility for the use with environmental-friendly materials.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.sup
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of the clay mineral fortified with complex trace elements by specific fermentation microbes on growth performance and a quality of pork in this study. For the declared experimental animal, 80 heads of crossbred with Large White and Yorkshire were randomly splitted into a control group and a test group. Each group were assigned with 4 replicates and 10 heads of each replicate. When 0.3% of the fermentation product of the clay mineral (FCM) was added into feed stuff and fed for 9 weeks of experimental feeding period, the results of the feed intake, weight gains, pH of carcass, lightness of meat color, and brightness of the muscle semimembranosus were similar to those of the control group. However, dressing percentage, reddishness of carcass, and water holding capacity were improved, respectively, as much as 2.7%, 12%, and 10%, and reduced by 6% in cooking loss. In order to investigate the immune modulatory effect of fermented clay mineral, pheripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and Immune modulatory parameters were measured. The proliferation activity of PBMC from pigs fed the fermented clay mineral were significantly increased compared to control group pigs, and also those results were more clearly observed as activated with lipopolysaccharide and concanavaline A. The secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ of the FCM group pigs showed an increasing tendency. Therefore it was suggested that the feeding of FCM which was high in cation metathesis and the value of infrared ray, activated the immune responses, and thus the production of the environment-friendly high quality pork without the use of antibiotics would be possible.