• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.55-81
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• 2007

CGE모형을 이용하여 우리나라를 포함한 OECD 국가와 중국, 브라질 등 18개 국가를 대상으로 다양한 비율의 $CO_2$ 저감량이 할당되는 경우 그에 따라 예상되는 국가별 GDP손실액을 추정하고 그 결과를 이용하여 각국의 $CO_2$ 저감에 따른 총비용곡선, 한계비용곡선, 평균비용곡선의 형태를 비교하였다. 대다수 국가의 총비용곡선, 한계비용곡선 그리고 평균비용곡선은 우상 향하는 형태를 나타내었으나 국가별로 실행가능한 저감영역이 다르고 또 각 함수의 기울기와 절편 등이 다르게 나타났다. 향후 post-kyoto 온실가스감축 의무부담방안 협상 시 온실가스 저감에 따른 각국의 GDP손실액 유형을 고려하여 우리나라와 비슷한 패턴을 가지고 있는 국가들과 공동으로 의무부담방안을 모색하는 것이 필요하다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

Recent industrial development and technological breakthroughs have made our life much more convenient, however, at the cost of environmental degradation resulting from indiscreet focus on development in combination of disregard of impact on eco system. Notably, global warming is one of the most serious environmental issues, triggering attention for environmental protection in Korea and elsewhere. To address such issues, nations around the world are beefing up environmental regulatory framework such as UNFCCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) to tackle environmental challenges from global perspective. Against the backdrop, Korea has been engaging actively in global initiatives to reduce climate change, ratifying UNFCCC in 1993 and the Kyoto Protocol in October, 2002. However, unlike the government responding to environmental degradation in earnest, construction industry is far from making efforts to reduce wastes. Construction waste is a source of environmental deterioration world wide and adds to the aggregate cost that construction companies should assume. Korean construction firms also need to develop initiative aggressively to respond to changes in environmental policies and reduce construction costs. Therefore, this study aims at examining sources of wastes in construction sites and suggest solution in order to prod local construction companies to develop countermeasures.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

As the industry develops, the amount of wastes is increasing in the economic system with various needs. As a result, the environmental problems are emerging as serious social issues and all the parties are required to make their best efforts. Among the issues proposed as the environmental issues, the logistics-related issues are exhaustion of the resources, global warming, environmental pollution, and acidification and so on. In order to respond to the environmental issues of the earth, the advanced countries are setting retrenched goals, reduction of the new greenhouse gases and accomplishment of retrenched goals by cooperation between the nations. Economic activities inevitably bring environmental problems and logistics is implementing those activities. The companies should perform the roles to resolve the environmental problems as the main cause of environmental pollution. Therefore, along with spreading recognition of social demand, the companies are required to establish policies regarding the environment and they should approach the issues from the perspective of resource circulation. These environment-friendly activities are emerging as the new source of competitiveness in the logistics field. Therefore, this study analyzes the effects of environment-friendly logistics activities on the reduction of logistics cost to reduce and resolve the environmental issues such as environment preservation, recycling and so on.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1625-1629
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• 2009

The new paradigm called 'Low Carbon Green Growth' involved in reducing greenhouse gas is on the rise as a critical issue worldwide. The essential of Kyoto protocol issued in 1997 is to achieve the sustainable economic growth environments by converting existing production system to eco-friendly one. The protocol imposes the liability to reduce greenhouse gas to the countries joined to it. The paradigm is directly involved in the energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by construction activities. Value Engineering which are mainly applied in the design phase in practice is a measure to improve the value of a constructed facility by analyzing and/or appraising the functions and costs of it. However, an appropriate method which assesses eco-friendliness of constructed facility has not been propose by researchers. This paper proposes a method which assesses the performance involved in eco-friendliness of constructed facility using Value Engineering (VE) in the design phase. The method estimates the environmental cost relative to the amounts of energy consumption and environmental pollution occurred over the entire project life cycle. The database called "Life Cycle Inventory DB", which stores information about the amounts of environmental pollution, is used. The algorithm which retrieves the amounts of environmental pollutions from the DB and converts them into environmental costs is developed. The algorithm is implemented into a system which quantifies the eco-friendliness of constructed facility in the design phase using VE.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.121-146
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• 2016

This study is concerned with the analysis of two renewable technologies for electric energy production: wind energy and photovoltaic energy. The two technologies were assessed and compared by economic point of view, by using selected indicators characterized by a clear calculation approach, requirement of information easy to be collected, clear, but even complete, interpretation of results. The used economic indicators are Levelized Cost of Energy, $CO_2$ abatement cost and fossil fuel saving specific cost; these last two specifically aimed at evaluating the different capabilities that renewable technologies have to cut down direct $CO_2$ emissions and to avoid fossil fuel extraction. The two technologies were compared also from the environmental point of view by applying Life Cycle Assessment approach and using the environmental impact categories from the Eco-indicator'95 method. The economic analysis was developed by taking into account different energy system sizes and different geographic areas in order to compare different European conditions (Italy, Germany and Denmark) in term of renewable resource availability and market trend. The environmental analysis was developed comparing two particular types of PV and wind plants, respectively residential and micro-wind turbine, located in Italy. According to the three calculated economic indicators, the wind energy emerged as more favorable than PV energy. From the environmental point of view, both the technologies are able to provide savings for almost all the considered environmental impact categories. The proposed approach, based on the use of economic and environmental indicators may be useful in supporting the policies and the decision making procedures concerned with the promotion and use of renewables, in reference to the specific geographic, economic and temporal conditions.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2016

Various kinds of processes are used in the Public Sewage Treatment Works(PSTWs) in order to achieve water quality criteria and TMDL in the watershed. The performance of the existing processes at PSTWs depends on influent characteristics, effluent quality target, amount of sludge production, power cost and other factors. In present, the Selection Guideline for the Available Treatment Process of PSTWs is used for a process decision in the country. But there are some problems regarding redundancy of assessment factors and complexity of assessment procedure in the guideline. In this study, we did a test application of AHP for process selection of PSTWs, which propose is to simplify assessment factors such as pollutant removal amount, sludge generation, electricity consumption, stability of operation, convenience of maintenance, easiness of existing process application, installation cost, and operating cost concerning of environmental factors, technical factors and economical factors. According to the study, the PSTWs selection procedure guideline can be improved using application of AHP method.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

As the construction industry develops, environmental pollution gets increasingly serious, giving damage including the increase of incidence of respiratory diseases and skin diseases among children with weakened immune systems, rather than adults. In daycare centers, infants and children spending much of their time, have high frequency of contact with the interior floor finish material. However, the majority of the child care centers don not use eco-friendly flooring but ordinary monorium flooring, because the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring is higher than ordinary monorium flooring. Therefore, in this study, life cycle costs including the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring and ordinary monorium flooring were calculated, demonstrating that the eco-friendly flooring is more economical than ordinary monorium flooring in terms of life-cycle cost. In addition, the analysis of the environmental performance also showed the excellence of the eco-friendly floor finishes. It is expected that the use of the eco-friendly floor finishes will increase due to their excellence in the aspect of life cycle cost and eco-friendly performance, through this study.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2002년도 춘계 국제 학술대회
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• pp.54-64
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• 2002

This study evaluated advanced water treatment (AWT) system in Korea. There are currently 16 plants operating with AWT. However, no attempt has been made to evaluate AWT system. This study selected one water treatment plant with AWT (pre-ozonation ＋ BAC). Using the operation data from 1995 to 2001 and pilot study results, the post-evaluation of the AWT system has been conducted. The study found that AWT improved water qualities of organic, ammonia, and turbidity, as expected. However, the extent of the improvement was generally short of the pilot study expectations. Pre-ozonation failed to decrease coagulant consumption. The dosage increased rather than decreased. AWT was, however, successful to decrease chlorine consumption. The chlorine reduction was related to the change in raw water characteristics and AWT introduction. Pre-ozonation failed to decrease coagulant consumption. The dosage increased rather than decreased. AWT was, however, successful to decrease chlorine consumption. The chlorine reduction was related to the change in raw water characteristics and AWT introduction, Both operation of pre-ozonation and reduced ammonia loading were responsible for the reduction. AWT increased the operation cost. Maintenance, raw water, and power cost increased, while labor and chemical cost decreased. Manpower reduction resulting form automation caused the decrease of labor cost. The reduction of chlorine consumption caused the decrease of chemical cost.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2014

As sewerage systems have obsolete, as quality and service level standards increase, and as rain characteristics change, the sewerage utility authorities are challenged to develop cost recovery strategies that assure financial sustainability. In this study, we conducted scenario analysis to examine the effect of three alternatives of partial or full sewerage cost recovery in Seoul during 2014-30 periods. It turned out that the alternative 1 is optimal and recommended. According to alternative 1, we had better increase annually sewerage fee by 14.8% until 2020 and thereafter apply only the inflation rate in setting sewerage fee. It would gradually decrease the deficit after 2019. The accumulated deficit of 13 billion Won in 2030 was estimated. We expect that this kind of analysis may provide useful informations to help sewage utility staffs, decision makers, and regulatory authorities understand, develop and implement ultimate full cost recovery strategy for many municipalities.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.534-541
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• 2011

Risk evaluation approaches for bidding on international construction projects are typically partitioned into three stages: country selection, project classification, and bid-cost evaluation. However, previous studies are frequently under attack in that they have several crucial limitations: 1) a dearth of studies about country selection risk tailored for the overseas construction market at a corporate level; 2) no consideration of uncertainties for input variable per se; 3) less probabilistic approaches in estimating a range of cost variance; and 4) less inclusion of covariance impacts. This study thus suggests a three-staged risk evaluation model to resolve these inherent problems. In the first stage, a country portfolio model that maximizes the expected construction market growth rate and profit rate while decreasing market uncertainty is formulated using multi-objective genetic analysis. Following this, probabilistic approaches for screening bad projects are suggested through applying various data mining methods such as discriminant logistic regression, neural network, C5.0, and support vector machine. For the last stage, the cost overrun prediction model is simulated for determining a reasonable bid cost, while considering non-parametric distribution, effects of systematic risks, and the firm's specific capability accrued in a given country. Through the three consecutive models, this study verifies that international construction risk can be allocated, reduced, and projected to some degree, thereby contributing to sustaining stable profits and revenues in both the short-term and the long-term perspective.